医学英语速记大全

医学英语术语速记

howtomastermedicaltermrapidly认识世界的基本方法：3“w”原则whatwhyhowthrombocyto’penialeu’kemialympho’cytic010203whatNo.3医学英语术语（medicalterm）:上述这些单词来源于希腊或拉丁词根,有特定的医学含义，我们将之统称为－医学英语术语;医学术语学（medicalterminology）：将专门研究它的学问称为－医学术语学:anintroductiontothelanguageofveterinaryandhumanmedicine.No.2No.1上述的医学术语有的人可能不认识，但下面的单词相信您是认识的carcinoma癌hepatitis肝炎cholesterol胆固醇why三个数字10万：医学辞典0万：常用医学词汇1万：每年医学新词12医学英语术语究竟有多少?很难说清楚。最常用的恐怕也不下1万条左右，若包括较常用的在内总有数万条；一部比较完全的医学词典，通常都收载有10万条左右的医学词汇。随着医学及其边缘科学的迅猛发展，新的术语仍在与日俱增。特别是最近几十年来，每年差不多要出现1000条左右新术语。因而总的说来，医学英语术语的条数是一个非常可观的数量。除了上述三个原因以外，还有一个“词条冗长”的问题。固然有些医学英语术语和普通的英语单词差不多，仅由几个字母或十几个字母组成，通过反复地读和写能够记住它们，但也有不少的医学英语术语，却是长长的一大串.例如：01cystoureteropyelone’phritis02膀胱输尿管肾盂肾炎03hepatocholangioente’rostomy04肝管小肠吻合术05请看这样的医学英语术语，一般由30个字母组成，如果凭藉我们的记忆能力，硬是把它们一个字母一个字母地连续背下来，显然也不是一件轻松的事。问题已经摆出来了，一个是数量大，一个是词条长，怎么解决呢?我们能不能仔细地研究分析一下这千千万万条医学英语术语的构成规律，找出一条“捷径”来，使其由多至少、化繁为简、从难变易，以利于我们更快、更多、更好地把它们掌握起来?

how

tomastermedicaltermrapidly

规律性medicalterm：按构词规则构成的词占80％；另一部分是人名，药名等构成的词,占20％；先介绍几个有关词结构方面的概念。

词根是一个单词的核心词缀包括前缀和后缀（prefixandsuffix）词素（morpheme）泛指词根和词缀一条医学英语术语的构成，“原则上”应该是采用来源一致的词素。当以两个或两个以上词素构成一条医学英语术语时，为了读音上的便利，常常需要在两个词素之间额外加上一个“连合元音”(也叫“复合形”或“结合形”，combiningform)。一般说来，在两个希腊词素之间常加用元音“o”，而在两个拉丁词素之间常加用元音“i”(但有时也有例外)。第一章医学英语术语

构词规则

下面先举出几个例子，以便取得一个初步印象。希腊词素连合元音希腊词素希腊词素pyel十o十nephr十itis词根(肾盂)词根(肾)词尾(炎)

→pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎010302希腊词素连合元音希腊词素连合元音希腊词素01leuk+o+cyt+o+peria02词根(白)词根(细胞)词尾(减少，不足)03→1eukocytopenia04白细胞减少05拉丁词素连合元音拉丁词素mult十i十para词根(多)词尾(产，产妇)→multipara多产妇01030204拉丁词素连合元音希腊词素希腊词素01fibr十o十chondr+itis02词根(纤维)词根(软骨)词尾(炎)03→fibrochondritis04纤维软骨炎0501从属关系：词根+词缀关系02并列关系：词根+词根医学术语分类从属关系：词根+词缀关系gastr+o+itis→gastritis胃炎规则一：后缀以元音开头，“o”省略leuk+o+cyt+o+penia

词根(白)词根(细胞)词尾(减少）

规则二：后缀以辅音开头，“o”不能省略→leukocytopenia

白细胞减少并列关系：词根+词根

规则：元音（o）不能省略23145肝管小肠吻合并列关系并列关系从属关系并列关系从属关系hepat+o+cholangi+o+ente’r+o+ostomygastr+o+en’ter+o+ic胃肠的简单后缀01复合后缀02第二节常用后缀plegia,-uria,-peniaectasia,-malacia,-odynia,复合后缀：-emia,-algia,-(o)rrhagia,--病，---症简单后缀:-ia(2),conditionpenia

deficiency,lack

不足，缺少,减少leucopenia白细胞减少0101020304erythropenia红细胞减少lymphopenia淋巴细胞减少thrombopenia血小板减少020304escence(2)adolescence1escent(2)adolescent2ian(2)pediatrician3元音+tion(2)accomodation4ious(2)infectious5ate(2)reticulate6ity(2)disability7单词重音在倒数第二音节的词尾uriaurinecondition尿（症）hematuria(hemat/uria)血尿-plegia

stroke,paralysis

中风，麻痹thermoplegia(therm/o/plegia)

热射病，中暑-odynia

pain痛cardiodynia

心痛

malacia

softening软化01osteomalacia(oste/o/malacia)骨软化02ectasiaorectasis

stretching,dilatation

扩张，膨胀nephrectasia(nephr/ectasia)肾扩张angiectasis血管扩张bronchiectasis支气管扩张0102ectasis扩张-algia

pain痛

arthralgia(atther/algia)

关节痛neuralgia神经痛arthralgia关节痛logoemia

bloodcondition

血病,血症leukemia(leuk/emia)白血病bacteremia菌血症septicemia败血症

hypercholesterolemia高胆固醇血症orrhagia

出血gastrorrhagia胃出血简单后缀--术，---法，---症metry,-otomy,-ectomy,-graphy,-iatry,-ology,-pexy,-plasty,-(o)rrhaphy,-stomy,-scopy,-megalyy:condition,act,process复合后缀12345logoscopy(3)

examination,processofexaminingvisually

镜检查，视诊laryngoscopy喉镜检查

bronchoscopy支气管镜检查

gastroscopy胃镜检查

colonoscopy结肠镜检查

cystoscopy膀胱镜检查anastomosis吻合术colostomy结肠造口术gastrostomy胃造口术-ostomy

processofmakinganopeningintooraconnectionbetween开口或吻合

造口(术)或吻合(术)-(o)rrhaphy

suturing,processofsuturing

缝合术Hermiorrhaphy疝缝术,疝修补术

rrhaphy01缝合术

colporrhaphy阴道缝合术herniorrhaphy疝缝合术02plasty(4)

surgicalreshapingorrepair成形术

arthroplasty关节成形术

urethroplasty尿道成形术

osteoplasty(oste/o/plasty)骨成形术成形术pexy01afixingorsettingfirmlyinplacebysuturing

固定术

hepatopexy肝固定手术0221ology(3)

actorprocessofstudying

学Pharmacology药理学logist(3)

onewhostudiesandtreats

学者和治疗者urologist(ur/o/logist)泌尿专家iatryor–iatrics

healing

愈合,医........之术podiatry医足术graphy(3)01processofrecording02描记术03graph(3)04thatwhichrecords05描记器06gram(3)07therecorditself08描记图09-ectomy

excision,processofcuttingout

切除(术)laryngectomy喉切除术thyroidectomy甲状腺切除术mastectomy乳房切除术cholecystectomy胆囊切除术appendectomy阑尾切除术

otomy

incision,processofcuttinginto

切开(术)030201laparotomy剖腹术tracheotomy气管切开术cramiotomy颅骨切开术metry

measurement

测量,测定(术）dynamometry肌力测量法pelvimetry骨盆测量法0102atriomegaly心房肥大ventriculomegaly心室扩大splenomegaly脾大typhlomegaly盲肠巨大megalylarge大复合后缀：-scope,-tome,器械或名词后缀aninstrumentcele,-cyteetome

instrumentforcutting

刀arthrotome关节刀cyte

nounmarker,referringtoacell细胞leukocyte(leuk/o/cyte)白细胞

-cele

hernia,herniation

突出，疝，肿

thyrocele(thyr/o/cele)甲状腺肿

scope

instrumentforviewing

镜laryngoscope喉镜01020304bronchoscope支气管镜laparoscope腹腔镜ophthalmoscope检眼镜01020304itis(2)inflammation炎症hepatitis(hepat/itis)肝炎ist

onewhospecializesin……的专家，学者dermatologist皮肤病专家or(er)

referstoadoer,eitherapersonorthing工作者(人或工具)incisor(in/cis/or)切牙osis(2)acondition,usuallyabnormalorpathological异常或病理情况sclerosis(scler/osis)硬化症-oma(2)

swelling,tumor

肿胀，肿瘤

sarcoma(sar/oma)肉瘤ism

acondition,usuallytheresultofapriorcondition

情况，前一情况的结果01embolism(em/bol/ism)栓塞02(i)um(2)

referstoapartinrelationtoawhole,relatedto

部分与整体关系，与…有关pericardium(peri/cardi/um)心包epigastrium(epi/gastr/ium)上腹部ac……的cardiac(cardi/ac)心脏的bronchial(bronch/i/al)01支气管的02al……的-ar……的tonsillar(tonsill/ar)扁桃体的

ic(2)……的hepatic(hepat/ic)肝的1eal……的2esophageal(esophag/eal)食道ary……的ciliary(cili/ary)睫状的ous……的含……的分泌…的Amucous(muc/ous)粘液的Bfibrous(fibr/ous)纤维性的Csebaceous(seb/ace/ous)皮脂的oid(3)

类似，象cystoid(cyst/oid)囊样的meter

instrumentformeasuring测量用器具thermoneter(therm/o/meter)温度计meter(3)

计、表spiromet呼吸量计,肺量计01ophthalmometer检眼计02-(o)rrhea(1)

flow,discharge

流出，分泌

diarrhea(dia/rrhea)腹泻

lysis

dissolution溶解

decomposition解体01hemolysis(hem/o/lysist)溶血02pathy

disease,diseasedcondition

病，病理情况ophthalmopathy眼病blast

acellthatisundifferentiated,primitive,embryonic

未分化的原始胚细胞hemocytoblast成血细胞、原血细胞centesis

surgicalpuncturetowithdrawfluid外科穿刺吸液amniocentesis羊膜穿刺术paracentesis穿刺术01thoracocentesis胸腔穿刺术02amniocentesis羊膜穿刺术abdominocentesis腹腔穿刺术03centesis穿刺术1clysis2washing,introductionoffluidforthepurposeofirrigation3洗4bronchoclysis5(bronch/o/clysis)支气管灌洗01ptosis

afalling,thedroppingorsaggingofanorgan

落下02nephroptosis(nephr/o/ptosis)肾下垂hemoptysis咯血1pyoptysis咯脓2ptysis咳、咯rupture01020304破裂hepatorrhexis(hepat/o/orhexis)肝破裂(o)rrhexissclerosis1ahardening2硬化3arteriosclerosis4(hepat/o/sclerosis)动脉硬化5stasis停止，制止arresting,haltingbacteriostasis(bacteri/o/stasis)制菌作用2341No.3stenosis

anarrowing,astricture变狭，狭窄arteriostenosis

(arteri/o/stenosis)动脉狭窄No.2No.1gram图像electrocardiogram心电图electroencephalogram脑电图graph

描记器01pneumograph呼吸描记器02emetic催吐的antiemetic止吐的0102emesis呕吐50个常用词根adenangiarteriarthrblepharbronchcardicelicephalcerebrglandvesselarteryjointeyelidbronchusheartabdomen(abdominalcavity)headcerebrum,brain50个常用词根cheilcholangidermatencephalentererythresophaggastrhepathypnlipbileductskinbrainintestinesredesophagusstomachliversleep50个常用词根hysterlaparlaryngmammmeningmymyelmyelonnephrneuruterusabdomenlarynxbreastmeningesmusclebonemarrow;spinalcordbonemarrowkidneynerve50个常用词根psychrachirhinsplenstomatthoractracheurethrutervesicmindvertebra;spinalorvertebralcolumnnosespleenmouththorax(chest)tracheaurethrauterusbladder;sac50个常用词根ophthalmorchidosteotpancreatpharyngphrenpleurpneumonprocteyetestis;testicleboneearpancreaspharynxmindpleuralung;airrectum第三节前缀

a-用于非h或非元音字母开头的形容词前（否则，变为an-）,amorphous无定形的anhydrosis无汗症a+adj→adj表否定:withoutorabsenceof不,无,没有,缺离apnea呼吸暂停12345a-②用在名词前,含有in,on,at,by,with,to等意：a+n→advasleep在熟睡中(in)ahead在前头(in)aside在一边（by）abreast肩并肩地（with）1a+n→adjalight燃烧的2a+adj→advaloud高声地aright正确地ab-

from,awayfrom

从，离开01在m,p,v之前用a-;在c,q,t之前用ab-abarticular关节脱位02ad-

to,toward,near

向，靠近，到……上adrenal肾上腺在g前变为ag01f前变为af,afferent02在l前变为al03在n前变为an04在r前变为ar05在s前变为as06在t前变为at07在sc,sp,st前变为a-08在c,k,q同化成ac09ana-

up,backagain

向上，重回到anabolism合成代谢ante-before

在前

anteflexion前屈

12bi(n,s)

two,double

两，加倍,二biceps二头肌2autotrophic自营的1auto-

self

自己apo-

upon

在…之上apogee远地点0102anti-

against

反抗antidote解毒剂antero-

front

前01anteroposterior前后的02circum-

around

环行，围绕circumduction环行运动brady-

slow

缓慢的01bradycardia心率缓慢022catabiosis老化现象1cata-

downco(n)-

with,together

与……，在一起cocarcimogenesis辅致癌物质12543h或元音字母前变成co-,l前变成col-b,m,p前变成com-r前变成cor-在c,d,f,g,j,n,q,s,t,v前用con-12345co(n)-01contra-

against

反抗02contraceptive节育dia-

though;complete

通过，透过，横过diarthermy透热法di-

twice,double

二倍，加倍diarthric两关节的de-

from;downfrom;lackof从.........,缺乏，脱deoxidation 脱氧STEP3STEP2STEP1apart,freefrom,separate,toundo;freefro离开，分开dislocation脱位，脱臼二，加倍disulfidedis-dys-bad,painful,difficult,labored,abnormal困难的，缓慢的，疼痛的.dysentery痢疾12ec(to)-

outside,outer

外面，在外ectoderm外胚层en-

（在b,m,p之前变成em-）in,within

内，在内encephalic脑endo-

inside,inner,within

内,内部endocrine内分泌eu-(←mal-)

good,well,normal

好、正常，佳，优euphoria欣快，精神愉快epi-

over,upon,on

外面，上面,表，表位，在......上面01epigastrium上腹部02eso-

inwardesocataphoria内下隐斜视e-

外出，除去，缺ecaudate无尾的01ex（o）-outof,from,outside,outward外面，向外的,在……之外，离开excision切除020304在b,d,g,h,m,n,r之前有时变成e-在f前变成ef-efferent传出的05061extra-

outsideof,beyond在………外面，超过2extracorporeal体外的hemi-

half

半01hemiparalysis偏瘫02hyper-

above,excessive高，过度，过多的1hypertention高血压2hypo-

under,lessthannormal,below,incomplete,deficient

低少于正常,低，不足的，有缺陷的hypoglycemia低血糖12in-

in,into

在内,进入01ingestion摄入02in-01not02否定,不03incoagulability不凝性04在b,m,p之前变成im-05在l前变成il-06在r前变成ir-07infra-

below,lower

在下,低于infracostal肋下的intra-

within

（在）内intravenous静脉的inter-

between

在---之间interventricular室间的01meta-after,beyond,change偏,旁,变02macro-large大03mal-bad,malnutrition营养不良04meso-middlemesoderm中胚层micro-small小neo-（←paleo-）new新multi-many多nulli-none无ob-

（在c,f,g,p前分别变成

oc-,of-,og-,op-）

对抗，颠倒，在前，朝向，接近1obovate倒卵形的2pan-

all,total

(在b,m,p之前变成pam-)

完全，全部，总，泛，多panangitis血管全层炎para-

beside,alongside,abnormal,beyond,around

旁，附着，异常01paranephric肾旁的，肾上腺的02(-para)产peroral经口的2per-

through

通过1post-

after,behind

在后，在---后方postnasal鼻后的peri-

surrounding(outer),around

周围perihepatitis肝周炎pre-

before,infrontofpremolar前磨牙semi-

half

半semisynthetic半合成的No.1pros-No.2to,near,inadditionto到，靠近，加上prosthetice修复学pro-

before,infrontof

在之前prognosis预后poly-

many,muchpolypeptide多肽01re-back02retro-back;behindsub-

under,below

在下subcutaneous皮下的supra-

above,over

高于，超过supracranial颅上的super-

above,over

高于，超过superlactation泌乳过多01syn-

（在b,m,p之前变成sym-）with,together,joined

与……在一起，合成02synapse突触，神经键trans-

across,through,over,beyondtransabdominal通过腹部的tachy-

fast;rapidtachycardia心动过速tetra-

fourtetralogy四联症0102tri-threetrimester三月期uni-oneunilateral单侧的ultra-

beyond;excessultrasonic超声的partⅡ各系统常用词根与例词表

第一章心血管系统cardiovascular心血管的cardiogenic心源性的cardiopulmonary心肺的cardiopathy心脏病cardi(o)-心atrial心房的01atriopeptin心房肽激素02atrioventricular房室的atriomegaly心房肥大03atri(o)-心房ventricular(心)室的ventriculoarterial心室动脉的01ventriculography心室造影术ventriculomegaly心室扩大01ventricul(o)-心室valv(o)-

01valvul(o)-02瓣膜03valvular瓣膜的04valvotomy瓣膜切开术05valvoplasty瓣膜成形术06valvuloplasty瓣膜成形术07vas(o)-angi(o)血管vascular血管的vasoconstriction血管收缩12345vasculitis脉管angiography血管造影术angiotensin血管紧张素vasodilator血管舒张(的)arterial动脉的arteriography动脉造影术arteriosclerosis动脉硬化arteritis动脉炎01020304arteri(o)-动脉010203arteriolar小动脉的arterioloscleroisis小动脉硬化arteriolopathy小动脉病arteriolonecrosis小动脉坏死arteriolitis小动脉炎arteriolovenous小动脉静脉的arteriol(o)-小动脉ven(o)-

phleb(o)-静脉venous静脉的venoconstriction静脉收缩venography静脉造影术venodilation静脉扩张phlebitis静脉炎phlebotomy静脉切开术0102venular小静脉的venulitis小静脉炎venul(o)-小静脉aortic主动脉的aortography主动脉造影术aortitis主动脉炎aortotomy主动脉切开术aort(o)主动脉capillar(o)-毛细

血管capillarity毛细作用capillaritis毛细管炎capillaropathy毛细血管病pulsed脉搏的，脉冲的pulseless无脉搏的01pulsation搏动02pulsate搏动03puls(o)-脉搏第二章呼吸系统呼吸respiratory呼吸的expiratory呼气的inspiratory吸气的expire呼气spir(o)020103050604pneum(o)-呼吸pneumothorax气胸pneumomediastinum纵隔积气pneumat(o)-呼吸1pneumatic气的，呼吸的pneumotosis积气症2pnea呼吸apnea呼吸暂停dyspnea呼吸困难pneo-呼吸eupnea呼吸正常pneogram呼吸运动描记图naso-鼻nasal鼻的nasolacrimal鼻泪的0201nas(o)-鼻nasopharyngeal鼻咽的nasotracheal鼻气管的rhin(o)-鼻rhinitis鼻炎rhinotracheitis鼻气管rhinovirus鼻病毒rhinopneumonitis鼻肺炎laryngoscope喉镜laryngoscopy喉镜检查laryngitis喉炎laryngeal喉的laryng(o)-喉01glottic声门的，舌的02glottal声门的03glottitis舌炎04glottology舌学glott(o)-声门,舌tracheal气管的trachectomy气管切开术trachitis气管炎tracheobronchial气管支气管的01030204trache(o)-气管bronchial支气管的bronchoconstriction支气管收缩bronchitis支气管炎bronchiectasis支气管扩张bronchopulmonary支气管肺的bronch(o)-支气管01bronchiolitis细支气管炎bronchioli(bronchiolus复数)02bronchiolar细支气管的bronchiolectasis细支气管扩张bronchiol(o)-细支气管pulmonology肺科学pulmonary肺的pulmonectomy全肺切除术pulmo(n)-肺pneumonia肺炎pneumonectomy肺切除术pneumoconiosis尘肺病01pneumococcal肺炎球菌的pneumocyte肺细胞02pneumon(o)-肺alveolar小泡的alveolitis肺泡炎alveoli(alveoli复数)alveolocapillary肺泡毛细管的alveol(o)-肺泡pleural胸膜的01pleuritis肺胸膜炎02pleurisy胸膜炎pleuropneumonia胸膜肺炎03pleur(o)-胸膜第三章消化系统

digestive消化的maldigestion消化不良ingestion食入，摄入indigestion消化不良gest(o)-消化02010304pepsin胃蛋白酶dyspepsia消化不良pepstatin胃酶抑素pepsinogenic胃蛋白原的peps(o)-消化01pharyngeal咽的05pharyngoplasty咽成形术03pharyngitis咽炎02pharyngo1aryngeal咽喉的04pharyngotonsillitis咽扁桃体炎pharyngectomy咽部分切除术06pharyng(o)-咽esophageal食管的esophagectomy食管切除术esophagitis食管炎esophagoscopy食管镜检查12esophag(o)-食管gastrointestinal胃肠的gastrin促胃液素gastric胃的gastritis胃炎gastrectomy胃切除术gastroenterology胃肠病学030201050406gastr(o)-胃030201stomachial胃的stomachodynia胃痛stomachalgia胃痛stomachoscopy胃检查stomach-胃030201enterotoxin肠毒素enterobacteriaceae肠杆菌科enteric,enteral肠的enterococcus肠球菌科enter(o)-肠01duodenal十二指肠的duodenogastric十二指肠胃的02duodenitis十二指肠炎duodenoscopy十二指肠镜检查duoden(o)-十二指肠jejunal空肠的jejunoileal空肠回肠的jejunitis空肠炎jejunostomy空肠造口术03040201jejun(o)-空肠ileorectal回肠直肠的ileocecal回肠盲肠的ileocolostomy回肠结肠吻合术ileitis回肠炎ileocolic回肠结肠的ileal回肠的ile(o)-回肠colonoscopy结肠镜检查colonofibroscope纤维结肠镜colonic结肠的colonoplasty结肠成形术colon(o)-结肠cecal盲肠的01cecoapendicular盲肠阑尾的02cecocolonic盲肠结肠的03cecorectal盲肠直肠的04cec(o)-盲肠231typhlitis盲肠炎typhlostomy盲肠造口术typhlocolitis盲肠结肠炎typhlomegaly盲肠巨大typhl(o)-盲肠appendic(o)-阑尾appendicitis阑尾炎appendiceal阑尾的append(ic)ectomy阑尾切除术sigmoidal乙状结肠的sigmoidoscopy乙状结肠镜检查sigmoiditits乙状结肠炎sigmoidostomy乙状结肠造口术壹贰sigmoid(o)-乙状结肠1rectoromanoscopy直肠乙状结肠镜检查32rectocolitis直肠结肠炎rectal直肠的rect(o)-直肠an(o)-肛门anal肛门的anorectal肛门直肠的perianal肛周的anoscopy肛门镜检查01proctalgia肛门痛proctatresia肛门闭锁02procto(co)-肛门arch(o)—肛门architis肛门炎archoptosis脱肛cholecyst(o)-or–cyst-

胆囊01cholecystitis胆囊炎03cho1ecystokinin缩胆素05cholecystotomy胆囊切开术02cholecystography胆囊造影术04cholecystectomy胆囊切除术06cholecyststomy胆囊造口术jec-肝jecoral肝的jecoicacid肝酸12hepatic肝的heparin肝素hepatitis肝炎hepatocellular肝细胞的hepat(o)-肝pancreatic胰的pancreatin胰酶pancreatitis胰腺炎pancreatopeptidase胰肽酶pancreat(o)-胰choledoch(o)-胆总管choledochal胆总管的choledochocele胆总管囊肿cholangitis胆管炎cholangiopancreatography胆管胰造影术cholangiography胆管造影术holangi(o)-胆管

第四章泌尿系统

03urination排尿02urinalysis尿分析（法）01urinary尿的，泌尿的urin(o)-尿01ur(o)-02uron(o)-03尿04urology泌尿学05urodynamics尿动力学06uremia尿毒症07urogenital泌尿生殖器的ren(o)-肾01renal肾的renography肾x线照相术renin肾素renovascular肾血管的02nephritis肾炎4nephron肾单位5nephrology肾病学1nephrectomy肾切2nephropathy肾病变3nephrotoxicity肾毒性6nephr(o)-肾pelvi-肾盂pelviscopy肾盂检查术ueteropelvic输尿管肾盂的pelviplasty肾盂成形术pelviureteral肾盂输尿管的12pyel(o)-肾盂pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎pyelography肾盂造影术ureterocele输尿管囊肿04ureteric输尿管的03ureteroscopy输尿管镜检查02ureteral输尿管的01ureter(o)-输尿管vesical膀胱的vesicostomy膀胱造口术vesicovaginal膀胱阴道的veslcorectal膀胱直肠的vesic(o)-膀胱cystic囊(膀胱，胆囊)的01cystostomy膀胱造口术04cystoscopy膀胱镜检查02cystitis膀胱炎03cyst(o)-膀胱01meatal道的，口的meatoscope尿道窥镜meatotomy尿道口切开术meatoplasty尿道成形术02meat(o)-尿道01urethral尿道的urethritis尿道炎urethrotomy尿道切开术urethroplasty尿道成形术0203urethr(o)-尿道第五章内分泌系统

secretagogue促分泌的secretin促胰液素分泌secrete分泌secretory分泌的secret(o)-crin(o)-分泌endocrinology内分泌学endocrinopathy内分泌病endocrine内分泌的autocrine自分泌0302050104gland腺01prostaglandin前列腺素glandula腺，小腺glandular腺的02aden(o)-01腺02adenosine腺(嘌呤核)苷03adenovirus腺病毒04adenocarcinoma腺癌05adenoma腺瘤06ypothalam(o)-

hypothalamic下丘脑的hypothalamitis下丘脑炎hypothalamoneurohypophyseal下丘脑-神经垂体系统32145hypophyseal垂体的pituitarism垂体机能障碍hypophysiotropic促垂体的hypophysectomy垂体切除术hypophyseoprivic垂体分泌缺乏的hypophys(o)-垂体pinealism松果体机能障碍pinealopathy松果体病pinealectomy松果体切除术pinealoma松果体瘤pineal(o)松果体thyroiditis甲状腺炎1thyroxine甲状腺素2hyrotrophin促甲状腺激素thyroglobulin甲状腺球蛋白triiodothyronine三碘甲腺原氨酸3thyr(o)-甲状腺Aodrenaline肾上腺素Badrenergic肾上腺素能的Cadrenoceptor肾上腺素能受体Dadrenocorticotrophic促肾上腺素皮质的adren(o)-肾上腺01gonadotropin促性腺激素02gonadal性腺的03gonadorelin促性腺激素释放激素gonad(o)-性腺第六章肌肉骨骼系统

muscular肌的1musculoskeletal肌骨胳的musculotendinous肌腱的2muscul(o)-肌肉my(o)-肌肉01myocardial心肌的myopathy肌病myocyte肌细胞myometrium子宫肌层0201osse(o)-骨02osseocartilaginous骨软骨的osseous骨的osteoporosis骨质疏松症01osteosarcoma骨肉瘤02osteoarthritis骨关节炎03osteomyelitis骨髓炎04oste(o)-骨cartilagin(o)-

软骨cartilaginoid软骨样的01cartilaginous软骨的02chondr(o)-软骨chondrocyte软骨细胞chondrosarcoma软骨肉瘤ten(o)-

tend(o)腱tendomyopathy肌腱炎1tendosynovitis腱鞘炎2tendinitis腱炎3tenalgia腱痛4ligamentous韧带的ligamentrupture韧带破裂0102ligament(o)-韧带骨骼02skelet(o)-01skeletology骨骼学04skeletal骨骼的03cranial颅的01craniotomy颅骨切开术02crani(o)-颅骨spin(o)-脊柱01spinal棘的，脊柱的spinogram脊柱x线照片02rachi(o)-01脊柱02rachitic佝偻病的03rachischisis脊柱裂04rachialgia脊柱痛05rachianesthesia脊髓麻醉06040301coccyg(o)-coccygeal尾骨的尾骨coccyalgia尾骨痛02sacr(o)-骶骨sacral骶骨的sacroiliac骶髂的sacr(o)-sacr(o)-cost(o)–1肋骨2costal肋骨的3costochondral肋骨软骨的4stern(o)-胸骨sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突的ischi(o)-

坐骨ischial/ischiatic坐骨的ischiopupic坐骨耻骨的010201articul(o)-02arthr(o)-03关节04articular关节的05arthritis关节炎第七章液体、分泌物与免疫系统umor-

液体

humoral体液的0102humoralism体液学说sanguinopurulent脓血的04sanguineous血液的03血液02sangui-01hema-

血液hemafecia便血hemacytometer血细胞计数器0102em(o)-

1液

2hemostasis止血，血停止3hemopoletlc生(造)血的4heme血红素5hemolysin溶血素6hemophilia血友病7hemodilution血液稀释823145hemodialysis血液透析hemoglobin血红蛋白hemorrhage出血hemolytic溶血的血液haem(o)-hematology血液学01hematocrit血细胞比容02hemttoma血肿03hematuria血尿04haemat(o)-血液hematologic血液学的01hematogenous血原性的02hemat(o)-血液plasmin纤维蛋白溶解酶0102plasminogen