2021-2022学年上海市杨浦区控江中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）（不含听力音频）

2021-2022学年上海市杨浦区控江中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Atatrainstation.B.Atabank.C.Ataboxoffice.D.Atanairport.2.A.Haveaphysicalexamination.B.Waitfortherepairmantoarrive.CBuyanewcellphoneforthewoman.D.Findoutwhatiswrongwiththecellphone.3.A.Prepareforatest.B.Continuethegame.C.Haveabreak.D.Gotobed.4.A.travelagency.B.Salesstrategies.C.Ajobopportunity.D.Tournews.5.A.Writingpoems.B.Holdingacontest.C.Listeningtomusic.D.Playingwithhisearphones.6.A.Tonylacksconfidenceinhisownmatch.B.Thewomandislikestennismatches.C.Mostpeoplewillfindthematchesexciting.D.ThemanagreeswithTony'sopinion.7.A.Theclubmembersaren'tavailable.B.Theinternetdoesn'twork.C.Shedoesn'thavetimetodoit.D.Theemailhasn'tbeenready.8.A.Exciting.B.Well-paid.C.Boring.D.Tough.9.A.Hehaslostinterestinworkinghere.B.Heisgladnottobefined.C.Hewillleavethecompanynow.D.Helikesthetiringjob.10.A.Doaslittleexerciseasshecan.B.Domoderatephysicaltraining.C.Repeatthetrainingeveryotherweek.D.Avoidweight-liftingexercise.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Toremindthepublicofenvironmentalproblems.B.TocelebratethebirthoftheEarth.C.Todemonstratehumans’abilitytoaltertheenvironment.D.Tospreadtheknowledgeoftheenvironment.12.A.Badeffectonhuman’sincome.B.Disappearanceofmarinetourism.C.Lowerefficiencyofoilindustry.D.Smallernumbersoffishglobally.13.A.Tourgeothercountriestosolvetheunmanagedwasteproblem.B.Tomakethethreatsofunmanagedwastepubliclyknown.CToencouragefishinginnovationinthefisheries.D.Tomakelawstopreventmarinewreckage.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.About17%.B.About30%.C.About50%.D.about70%.15.A.Femalepopulationissmallerthanmalepopulation.B.Femaleaccesstotheinternetcannotbringeconomicgrowth.C.Fewerwomenthanmencouldaffordmobilephonesandservice.D.Theinternalcorporationpreferredmaleemployees.16.A.Causeandeffect.B.Definitionandexplanation.C.Comparisonandcontrast.D.Problem,analysisandsolution.Questions17to20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Apersonwholovesfastfoodandhasagoodappetite.B.Apersonwhobuysthebook,watchesTVandcooksalittle.C.Apersonwhocooksfoodwithgoodingredientsandateit.D.Apersonwhohasastronginterestinfood,butrarelycooks.18.A.Cutthecausesofbuyingfood.B.Findsourcesofqualitymeat.C.Wrightcookbooksforotherstolearnfrom.D.Cookdifferentpartsofananimalindifferentways.19.A.Moreandmorepeopleareunabletoaffordfood.B.It'smoreandmoredifficulttofindsuitablefood.C.Thefastpaceoflifecostsusthetraditionofcooking.D.Povertyrobspeopleoftheabilitytocookandsharefood.20.A.Economicalfood.B.Whatafoodieis.CCookingskills.D.Howtobeagoodcook.II.Grammar(20分)SectionA(10分)Directions:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Didyouforeseethatsomanyinvestors________alltheirmoneyinthestockmarket?A.hadlost B.lost C.wouldlose D.havelost【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：你有没有预见到这么多投资者会在股票市场上赔光他们的钱？分析句子可知，本句为宾语从句，主句时态为一般过去时，从句时态也应使用过去的某种时态，再结合foresee“预见”可知，从句应用过去将来时。故选C项。2.Mostparentsbelievethatthehardworkfortheirschoolkids________laterintheirlives.A.hasrepaid B.hasbeenrepaid C.willhaverepaid D.willberepaid【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：大多数父母相信为孩子们所付出的努力会在以后的生活中得到回报。分析句子结构，that引导宾语从句，从句的主语是thehardworkfortheirschoolkids，谓语动词是repy，主谓之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合后面的时间later，此处应用一般将来时的被动语态，即willbedone，故选D项。

3.Thescientistshavemadeanexhaustivestudyofthevirus________manypeoplehavebeeninfected.A.towhich B.withwhich C.inwhich D.forwhich【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们对这种已感染了许多人的病毒作了详尽的研究。分析句子可知，这里使用了定语从句，先行词是thevirus，定语从句中使用了词组beinfectedwith，意为“感染上”，所以缺少介词with和关系代词which。故选B项。4.MyfamilyaswellasI________gladtohearthenewsthatyouhavebeenadmittedtosuchafamousuniversity.A.are B.am C.is D.was【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：我和我的家人都很高兴听到你被这么著名的大学录取的消息。由后面的“havebeenadmitted”可知，句子时态用一般现在时，aswellas连接两个并列主语时，后面的谓语的形式由前面的主语确定，即Myfamily，强调的是家人中的成员，不止一个，因此是复数概念，因此空格处是are，故选A。5.Donaldsurvivedwhenthecar________hewasincrashedintoatruckfromtheoppositeside.A.as B.where C.that D.once【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当唐纳德所在的那辆汽车从对面撞上了一辆卡车时，他幸免于难。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为thecar，指物，关系词代替它在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which或that。故选C。6.Wasittheboy'spassionforplayingthepianoinhischildhood________ledhimtobeamusiccollegestudent?A.which B.that C.what D.when【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：是这个男孩小时候对弹钢琴的热爱让他成为了一名音乐学院的学生吗?A：which哪一个；B：that那个；C：what什么；D：when何时。强调句的结构Itis/was+强调成份+that/who+其它。结合句意，此处为强调句，强调句子的主语theboy'spassionforplayingthepianoinhischildhood，故答案为B。7.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95percentofwomenagedbetween15andearly40s________adoctoronceayear,comparedto70percentofmeninthesameagegroup.A.see B.sees C.saw D.hadseen【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：根据最近的一项调查，在15岁至40岁出头的女性中，95%的人每年看一次医生，而同一年龄段的男性中，这一比例为70%。根据句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语women是复数，因此空格处是动词原形see，故选A。8.AlotofloverschosetogetmarriedonDec.12,2012________thedate,themonthandtheyearmatch.A.which B.inwhich C.when D.ofwhich【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：很多情侣选择在2012年12月12日结婚，因为这一天的日期、月份和年份相匹配。本句是定语从句，从句修饰先行词Dec.12,2012，先行词表示时间，且在从句中做时间状语，关系词应用when，故选C项。9.TheNobelPrizeinliteraturehasbeenawardedannuallytoanauthorfromanycountry________hasproduced“inthefieldofliteraturethemostoutstandingworkinanidealdirection”.A.which B.who C.where D.as【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：诺贝尔文学奖每年颁发给“在文学领域朝着理想方向创作出最杰出作品”的任何国家的作家。本句是定语从句，从句修饰先行词anauthor，先行词是人，在从句中作主语，关系代词应用who，故选B项。

10.---Couldyoutellmewhereyou’reworkingnow,Tony?---Inthenewdevelopmentzone.ButI________inacomputercompanyforfiveyears.A.haveworked B.hadworked C.wasworking D.worked【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：——你能告诉我你现在在哪里工作吗，托尼?——在新开发区。但是我在一家电脑公司工作过五年。这里表示“过去在一家电脑公司工作五年”，陈述的是过去的事实，所以用一般过去时。故选D。SectionB(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassageblew,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?Ateacher?Adoctor?Howaboutanice-creamtaster?Yes,therereallyisajob____11____youcangetpaidtotasteice-cream.JustaskJohnHarrison,an“OfficialTasteTester”forthepast21years.Testinghelpsmanufacturerstobesureofaproduct’squality.DuringhiscareerHarrisonhasbeenresponsible____12____approvinglargequantitiesofthesweetice-cream-aswellasfordevelopingover75flavors.Somepeoplethinkthatitwouldbeeasytodothisjob,afterall,youjusthavetolikeice-cream,right?No—there’smoretothejobthanthat,saysHarrison,who____13____(have)adegreeinchemistry.Hepointsoutthatadairyorfood-sciencedegreewouldbeveryusefultosomeone____14____(want)acareerinthis“cool”field.In____15____typicalmorningonthejob,Harrisontastesandassesses60ice-creamsamples.Heletstheice-creamwarmuptoabout12°F.Harrisonexplains,“Yougetmoreflavorfrom____16____(warm)ice-creamthanusual,____17____iswhysomekidsliketostir(搅动)it,creatingice-creamsoup.”Whiletheice-creamwarmsup,Harrisonlooksoverthesamplesandgradeseachoneonitsappearance.“Tastingbeginswiththeeyes,”heexplains.Hecheckstosee____18____theice-creamisattractiveandaskshimself,“Doestheproducthavethecolorexpectedfromthatflavor?”Nextit'stime____19____(taste)!Continuingtothinkupnewideas,______20______(try)outnewflavors,andtestsamplesfromsomanykindsofice-creameachdaykeepsHarrisonbusybuthappy-workingatone“cool”job.【答案】11.where12.for13.has14.wanting15.a16.warmer17.which18.if##whether19.totaste20.try【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述冰淇淋品尝师Harrison的神奇工作。【11题详解】考查定语从句。句意：是的，真的有这样一份工作，你可以通过品尝冰淇淋获得报酬。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词job，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在工作中”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。【12题详解】考查介词。句意：在他的职业生涯中，哈里森负责批准了大量的甜冰淇淋，并开发了超过75种口味的冰淇淋。beresponsiblefor为固定搭配，意为“对……负责”。故填for。【13题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：拥有化学学位的哈里森说，不，这份工作的意义远不止于此。分析句子可知，提示词have(有)是定语从句中谓语动词，根据语境可知，描述当前的状况，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语who(指代先行词Harrison)是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。故填has。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他指出，乳品或食品科学学位对想在这个“酷”领域工作的人非常有用。分析句子可知，提示词want作后置定语修饰代词someone，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语someone之间是主动关系，所以应使用现在分词，表示主动。故填wanting。【15题详解】考查冠词。句意：在工作中，哈里森通常会在一个平常的早晨品尝并评估60种冰激凌样品。可数名词morning在句中表示“一个平常的早晨”，泛指，前面应使用不定冠词，又因空格后typical音标中的第一个单节是辅音音素/t/，所以应使用不定冠词a。故填a。【16题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：温暖的冰淇淋比平时更有味道，这就是为什么一些孩子喜欢搅拌它，制作冰淇淋汤。根据比较级的标志than可知，句中是把加热后的冰淇淋与加热前的冰淇淋进行比较，应使用比较级形式。故填warmer。【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意：温暖的冰淇淋比平时更有味道，这就是为什么一些孩子喜欢搅拌它，制作冰淇淋汤。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词将“Yougetmoreflavorfrom7(warm)ice-creamthanusual”（先行词）这件事情代入定语从句作主语，只能用which引导该定语从句。故填which。【18题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：他检查了一下冰淇淋是否吸引人，然后问自己：“这种产品的颜色符合那种口味的要求吗?”。连词if/whether引导名词性从句时，在从句中不作成分，表示“是否”。分析句子可知，空格后是宾语从句，从句结构完整不缺成分，再结合句意可知，应用连词if/whether引导词该宾语从句，表示“是否吸引人”。故填if/whether。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：接下来是品尝的时候了。“Itistimetodosth.”是固定句型，表示“是时候做某事了”，其中动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词time。故填totaste。【20题详解】考查动词原形。句意：继续想出新点子，尝试新口味，每天从这么多种类的冰淇淋中测试样品，这让哈里森忙碌而快乐——他有一份“酷”的工作。分析句子可知，tryout与thinkup、test是并列关系，三个动词一起与to构成动词不定式，作Continuing的宾语，用动词原形。故填try。III.Vocabulary(20分)(A)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereonewordmorethanyouneed.A.typicallyB.releasedC.industrialD.apparentE.classifiedF.dumpsG.potentialH.originallyI.containersJ.transportedK.specialAhungrypolarbearseenscavenging(在废弃物中觅食)forfoodinamajor____21____cityinnorthernSiberiahasbeencaughtand____22____toawildlifeparkfortreatment.Expertssaytheanimal,____23____thoughttohavewanderedhundredsofmilesfromitsnaturalhabitat(栖息地)intheArctic,insteadmayhavebeentakenasacubandraisedincaptivity(关押)bypelttraders.Thepolarbearwasspottedwanderingthroughoutthecity,searchingforfood.Photosshowedtheanimalwalkingslowlyacrossabusyroadwithmuddypaws,diggingthroughrubbleandtrashandlyingdownfrom____24____exhaustionontheground.WildlifeexpertswerecalledtoassessthepolarbearanddeterminewhetheritcouldbetakenbacktotheArctic.Butaftersedating(给……服镇静剂)theanimal,expertssaiditwasseverelyill,atleastpartlyfromfeedingherselffromgarbage____25____,andwouldneedmedicalcare,accordingtotheSiberianTimes.Expertsdevelopednewtheoriesabouthowitcametobeinthecity,thinkingthatitmayhavebeenraisedtherebypoachers(偷猎者)whointendedtosellitforitspelt.Theexpertsexplainedthatitis____26____males,notfemales,thattravellongdistances,andsaidthispolarbearwastoocleantohavemadesuchatrip.It’spossiblethatpoachers____27____theanimaltoavoidbeingcaughtandpunished.PolarbearpoachinghasbeenbannedinRussiaformorethan60years.Still,ithasbeenestimatedthatasmanyas200ofthemarekilledeachyear.InFebruary,localreportsestimatedthatabout50polarbearshadtakenoverNovayaZemlya,poppingupinbuildings,onplaygrounds.Asaresult,officialsdeclaredastateofemergency,manypeopleweretooscaredtoleavetheirhomesorlettheirchildrenplayoutside,and____28____personnelwerebeingsenttohelpcopewiththesituation.Polarbearsare____29____classifiedasavulnerablespeciesbecauseoftheongoingand_____30_____lossoftheirseaicehabitatresultingfromclimatechange.TheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureestimatesthatthereare22,000to31,000polarbearsworldwide.【答案】21.C22.J23.H24.D25.F26.A27.B28.K29.E30.G【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一只饥饿的北极熊在西伯利亚北部的一个主要工业城市游荡觅食，它最终被抓获并被送往野生动物园接受治疗，文章同时对北极熊的现状作了简单描述。【21题详解】考查形容词。句意：一只饥饿的北极熊在西伯利亚北部的一个主要工业城市觅食，它被抓获并被送往野生动物园接受治疗。结合句意，分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语修饰名词city，结合选项，形容词industrial表示“工业的”，符合语境。故选C项。【22题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：一只饥饿的北极熊在西伯利亚北部的一个主要工业城市觅食，它被抓获并被送往野生动物园接受治疗。分析句子可知，空格处单词与caught是并列关系，也应使用动词的过去分词形式，与hasbeen构成被动语态，结合选项，hasbeentransported表示“被送往”，符合语境。故选J项。【23题详解】考查副词。句意：专家表示，这只原本被认为是从北极自然栖息地迁徙数百英里到这里的动物，可能是在其幼崽的时期就被毛皮商人圈养了起来。结合句意，分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词修饰谓语动词thought，结合选项，副词originally表示“起初，原来”，符合语境。故选H项。【24题详解】考查形容词。句意：照片显示，这只北极熊拖着沾满泥的爪子，缓慢地穿过一条繁忙的道路，或在碎石和垃圾中掘食，或因明显的疲惫躺在地上。结合句意可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语修饰名词exhaustion，结合选项，形容词apparent表示“显而易见的”，符合语境。故选D项。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：据《西伯利亚时报》报道，但注射镇静剂后，专家说，至少部分原因是由于它从垃圾堆觅食，所以它病得很严重，需要医疗护理。根据第一段“diggingthroughrubbleandtrash”可知，这只北极熊在垃圾堆觅食，结合选项，名词dumps表示“垃圾场”，符合语境。故选F项。【26题详解】考查副词。句意：专家解释说，通常是雄性，而不是雌性，会长途跋涉，这只北极熊太干净了，不可能长途跋涉。结合句意可知，空格处应填入副词作状语修饰整个句子，结合选项，副词typically表示“一般，通常”，符合语境。故选A项。【27题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：有可能是偷猎者为了逃避抓捕和惩罚而放生了这只北极熊。结合句意，分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词作谓语，结合选项，动词released表示“释放，放开”，符合语境。故选B项。【28题详解】考查形容词。句意：因此，官员宣布进入紧急状态，许多人不敢出门，也不敢让孩子在外面玩耍，专门人员被派去帮助处理这一情况。根据上文和常识可知，一只饥饿的北极熊在城市游荡，需要政府派专人处理，结合选项，形容词special表示“特殊的，专门的”，修饰名词personnel，符合语境。故选K项。【29题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：因为气候变化导致它们的海冰栖息地正在和可能的消失，北极熊被归类为脆弱物种。结合句意，分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词作谓语，结合选项，动词classified表示“把……分类”，与are构成被动语态，表示“……被归类为”，符合语境。故选E项。【30题详解】考查形容词。句意：因为气候变化导致它们的海冰栖息地正在和可能的消失，北极熊被归类为脆弱物种。分析句子可知，空格处单词与形容词ongoing是并列关系，也应使用形容词作定语修饰名词loss，结合选项，potential表示“潜在的”，符合语境。故选G项。(B)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereonewordmorethanyouneed.A.processingB.mattersC.equivalentD.packagingE.essentialF.producingG.changesH.supportingI.rewardJ.averageK.specialEatGreen:OurEverydayFoodChoicesAffectGlobalWarmingandtheEnvironmentWhatweeat____31____.Thefoodchoiceswemakeeverydayhaveabigeffectontheenvironment.Thegoodnewsisthatevensmall____32____inwhatwebuyandeatcanadduptorealenvironmentalbenefits,includingfewertoxic(有毒的)chemicals,reducedglobalwarmingemissions,andpreservationofouroceanresources.Eating“green”canalsomeaneatingfresher,healthierfoodswhilereducingyourgrocerybilland____33____ourfarmers.1.ChooseClimate-FriendlyFoodFoodthatcomesfromhighonthefoodchainorarrivestoyourplateafterextensive____34____tendstorequiremoreenergyandreleasemoreglobalwarmingpollutionintotheair.The“carbonfootprint”ofhamburger,forexample,includesallofthefossilfuelsthatwentinto____35____thefertilizerandpumpingtheirrigation(灌溉)watertogrowthecornthatfedthecow,andmayalsoincludeemissionsthatresultfromconvertingforestlandtograzingland(牧场).NRDCestimatesthatifallAmericanseliminatedjustonequarterpoundservingofbeefperweek,thereductioninglobalwarminggasemissionswouldbe_____36_____totakingfourtosixmillioncarsofftheroad.2.BuyOrganicandOtherSustainableCertificationsEco—labelslikeUSDAOrganicandothersgiveusawayto_____37_____environmentalperformanceinthemarketplace.Organicagriculture,forexample,isasaferchoicefortheenvironmentandyourfamilybecauseorganicgrowersdon’tusesynthetic(合成的)pesticidesandfertilizers.3.WatchYourWasteTheUSDAestimatesthatanastonishing27percentofallfoodproducedforpeopleintheUnitedStatesiseitherthrownawayorisusedforalower—valuepurpose,likeanimalfood.Arecentstudyestimatedthattheaveragehouseholdwastes14percentofitsfoodpurchases—alossofsignificantvalueformostfamilies.Inadditiontothewater,energy,pesticides,andglobalwarmingpollutionthatwentintoproducing._____38_____,andtransportingthisdiscarded(废弃的)food,nearlyallofthiswasteendsupinlandfillswhereitreleasesevenmoreheat—transportinggasintheformofmethane(甲烷)asitdecomposes.4.EatLocallyAtypicalAmericanmealcontainsingredientsfromfiveforeigncountries,andevendomesticallygrownproducetravelsa(n)_____39_____of1,500milesbeforeitissold.Buyinglocallycanhelpreducethepollutionandenergyuse______40______withtransporting,storingandrefrigeratingthisfood.【答案】31.B32.G33.H34.A35.F36.C37.I38.D39.J40.K【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了我们日常的食物选择影响全球变暖和环境。【31题详解】考查动词。句意：我们吃什么很重要。根据句意“重要”可知，动词matter符合题意，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为主语从句Whatweeat，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词。句意：好消息是，在我们购买和食用的东西上，即使是很小的改变，也能增加真正的环境效益，包括减少有毒化学物质、减少全球变暖排放和保护我们的海洋资源。根据句意“改变”可知，名词change符合题意，此处change为可数名词，表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故选G。【33题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃“绿色食品”还意味着吃更新鲜、更健康的食物，同时减少你的食品杂货账单并支持我们的农民。根据句意“支持”可知，动词support符合题意，空处和“reducing”并列，需填现在分词形式supporting。故选H。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：来自食物链顶端的食物，或者经过大量加工后的食物，往往需要更多的能量，并向空气中释放更多的全球变暖污染。根据句意“加工”可知，此处应填名词processing作主语。故选A。【35题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，汉堡包的“碳足迹”包括所有用于生产化肥和抽取灌溉用水来种植喂养奶牛的玉米的化石燃料，也可能包括将林地转化为牧场所产生的排放。根据句意“生产”可知，动词produce符合题意，into为介词，后面需加动名词producing作宾语。故选F。36题详解】考查形容词。句意：NRDC估计，如果所有美国人每周只减少四分之一磅的牛肉，全球温室气体排放的减少将相当于减少400万到600万辆汽车。根据句意“同等的”可知，应填形容词equivalent作表语。故选C。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：像美国农业部有机食品和其他环保标签给了我们一种在市场上奖励环保表现的方式。根据句意“奖励”可知，动词reward符合题意，空处和to构成动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词way。故选I。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：包装和运输这些被丢弃的食物，几乎所有的垃圾最终都被送到了垃圾填埋场，在那里分解时会释放出更多的热输送气体，以甲烷的形式。根据句意“包装”可知，动词package符合题意，空处和transporting并列，需填动名词作主语。故选D。【39题详解】考查固定短语。句意：一顿典型的美国餐包含来自五个国家的食材，即使是美国本土种植的农产品在销售之前也要经过平均1500英里的路程。根据句意“平均是……”可知，固定短语anaverageof符合题意，空处需填average。故选J。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意：在当地购买可以帮助减少污染和能源消耗，特别是运输，储存和冷藏这些食物。根据句意“特别”可知，应填形容词special。故选K。IsClimateChangeConsumingYourFavoriteFoods?Astheincreasedamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,heatstress,longerdroughts(干旱),andmoreintenserainfallslinkedtoglobalwarmingcontinuetoupsetourdailyweather,weoftenforgettheyalsoimpactthequantity,quality,andgrowing____41____ofourfood.Manyfoodshavealready____42____topspotsontheworld's"endangeredfoods"list,indicatingtheirpossibilitytobecome____43____withinthenext30years.Tostartwithwhatis____44____inmanypeople'sliveswearedisappointedtofindthatcoffeeplantationsinSouthAmerica,Africa,Asia,andHawaiiareallbeingthreatenedbyrisingairtemperaturesandirregularrainfallpatterns,whichinvitediseaseto____45____thecoffeeplantandbeans.Theresult?Significant____46____incoffeeoutput.Andcoffee'sculinary(烹饪的)cousin,cacao(akachocolate),isalsosufferingstressfromglobalwarming'srisingtemperatures.Butforchocolate,itisn'tthewarmerclimatealonethat'stheproblem.Cacaotreesactually____47____warmerclimatesaslongasthatwarmthispairedwithhighhumidityandsufficientrain.____48____,theproblemisthatthehighertemperaturesprojectedfortheworld'sleadingchocolate-producingcountriesarenotexpectedtobe____49____byanincreaseinrainfall.Thereforeashighertemperaturestakemoremoisturefromsoilandplants,it's_____50_____thatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtomakeupforthisloss.Anothernotablynutritiousplant,peanutgrowsbestwhenitgetsfivemonthsofcontinuouswarmweatherand20to40inchesofrain.Anything_____51_____andplantswon'tsurvive.Thatisn'tgoodnewswhenmostclimatemodelsagreethattheclimateofthefuturewillbeoneofthe_____52_____,includingdroughts.Theworldhasalreadycaughtaglimpseofpeanut'sfuturefatewhenlastyearaseriousdroughtacrossthepeanut-growingSoutheasternU.Sledmanyplantstodie.Accordingtoafinancialreport,the_____53_____spells(时期)causedpeanutpricestorisebyasmuchas40percent!Finally,intheworldofsea,asairtemperaturesrise,oceansandwaterwaysabsorbsomeoftheheatandundergowarmingoftheirown.Theresultisthe_____54_____infishpopulation.Warmerwatersalsoencourageviciousmarinebacteria,likeVibrio,togrowandcauseillnessinhumans. Andthatsatisfying“crack”yougetwheneatingcrabcouldbe_____55_____asshellfishstruggletobuildtheircalciumcarbonate(碳酸钙)shells,aresultofoceanacidification.41.A.attitudes B.choices C.locations D.resources42.A.contributed B.earned C.featured D.reflected43.A.amazing B.unique C.typical D.scarce44.A.necessary B.luxurious C.practical D.original45.A.defend B.rob C.shock D.infect46.A.increases B.cuts C.changes D.failure47.A.survive B.prefer C.admire D.encounter48.A.Moreover B.Bycontrast C.However D.Therefore49.A.accompanied B.influenced C.blocked D.doubled50.A.unlikely B.irrelevant C.inappropriate D.immeasurable51.A.more B.less C.warmer D.colder52.A.patterns B.depths C.extremes D.ends53.A.rainy B.shiny C.freezing D.dry54.A.revolution B.shrink C.extinction D.evolution55.A.silenced B.heightened C.changed D.minimized【答案】41.C42.B43.D44.A45.D46.B47.B48.C49.A50.A51.B52.C53.D54.B55.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球变暖对我们食物的影响。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着大气中二氧化碳含量的增加，热压力，更长时间的干旱，以及与全球变暖有关的更强降雨继续扰乱我们的日常天气，我们常常忘记它们也影响我们食物的数量，质量和种植地点。A.attitudes态度；B.choices选择；C.locations地点；位置；D.resources资源。由上文“theyalsoimpactthequantity,quality,andgrowing”可知，大气中二氧化碳含量的增加会影响我们的种植地点，故选C。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多食物已经在世界“濒危食物”名单上名列前茅，表明它们有可能在未来30年内变得稀缺。A.contributed捐赠；B.earned赚得；获得；C.featured以……为特色；D.reflected反映。由上下文“Manyfoodshavealready____2____topspotsontheworld's"endangeredfoods"list,”可知，许多食物已经在世界“濒危食物”名单上占前几名，所以此处表示“获得前几名”，故选B。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多食物已经在世界“濒危食物”名单上名列前茅，表明它们有可能在未来30年内变得稀缺。A.amazing惊人的；B.unique独一无二的；C.typical典型的；D.scarce缺乏的；稀缺的。由上文“Manyfoodshavealready____2____topspotsontheworld's"endangeredfoods"list,”可知，许多食物已经在世界“濒危食物”名单上，所以这表明未来30年内粮食会变得稀缺的，故选D。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让我们先从许多人的生活必需品说起，我们失望地发现，南美、非洲和夏威夷的咖啡种植园，都受到气温上升和降雨模式不稳定的威胁，这些因素会导致疾病感染咖啡树和咖啡豆。A.necessary必要的；B.luxurious奢侈的；C.practical实用的；D.original起初的。由下文“inmanypeople'slives”(在我们生活中)和下文“coffeeplantations”(咖啡种植园)可知，咖啡是许多人们生活的必需品，故选A。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我们先从许多人的生活必需品说起，我们失望地发现，南美、非洲和夏威夷的咖啡种植园，都受到气温上升和降雨模式不稳定的威胁，这些因素会导致疾病传染咖啡树和咖啡豆。A.defend防御；B.rob抢劫；C.shock使震惊；D.infect传染。由上下文“whichinvitediseaseto____5____thecoffeeplantandbeans.”可知，一些疾病会传染咖啡树和咖啡豆，故选D。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大幅削减咖啡产量。A.increases增加；B.cuts削减；C.changes改变；D.failure失败。由上文“Theresult?”(结果是什么？)和空处前后“Significant____6____incoffeeoutput”可知，南美、非洲和夏威夷的咖啡种植园，都受到气温上升和降雨模式不稳定的威胁，这些因素会导致疾病传染咖啡树和咖啡豆，结果会造成咖啡产量削减，故选B。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：可可树实际上更喜欢温暖的气候，只要温暖的气候伴随着高湿度和充足的雨水。A.survive幸存；B.prefer更喜欢；C.admire钦佩；D.encounter偶遇。由下文“aslongasthatwarmthispairedwithhighhumidityandsufficientrain.”可知，可可树更喜欢温暖的气候，故选B。【48题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，问题在于，预计全球主要巧克力生产国的气温上升，而降雨量不会伴随着增加。A.Moreover此外；而且；B.Bycontrast相比之下；C.However然而；D.Therefore因此。由下文“theproblemisthatthehighertemperaturesprojectedfortheworld'sleadingchocolate-producingcountriesarenotexpectedtobe____9____byanincreaseinrainfall.”可知，此处表示转折，故选C。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，问题在于，预计全球主要巧克力生产国的气温上升，而降雨量不会伴随着增加。A.accompanied伴随；陪伴；B.influenced影响；C.blocked阻挡；D.doubled使加倍。由上下文“theproblemisthatthehighertemperaturesprojectedfortheworld'sleadingchocolate-producingcountriesarenotexpectedtobe____9____byanincreaseinrainfall.”可知，全球主要巧克力生产国的气温上升，而降雨量不会伴随着增加。这是主要问题，故选A。【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，随着温度升高，土壤和植物吸收更多的水分，降雨量不太可能增加到足以弥补这一损失。A.unlikely不可能的；B.irrelevant不相关的；C.inappropriate不合适的；D.immeasurable不可估量的。由上文“thehighertemperaturesprojectedfortheworld'sleadingchocolate-producingcountriesarenotexpectedtobe____9____byanincreaseinrainfall.”和下文“rainfallwillincreaseenoughtomakeupforthisloss.”可知，全球主要巧克力生产国的气温上升，而降雨量不会伴随着增加，所以靠降雨量增加来弥补这一损失是不太可能的，故选A。【51题详解】考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：少于这个数量，植物就无法生存。A.more更多的；B.less更少的；C.warmer更暖和的；D.colder更冷的。由上文“Anothernotablynutritiousplant,peanutgrowsbestwhenitgetsfivemonthsofcontinuouswarmweatherand20to40inchesofrain.”(另一种极富营养的植物——花生，在连续五个月的温暖天气和20到40英寸的降雨中生长得最好。)可知，此处以花生为例，说明指物生长需要一定的降雨量，如果少于这个量，植物就无法生存，故选B。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可不是什么好消息，因为大多数气候模型都认为未来的气候将是极端天气，其中包括干旱。A.patterns模式；方式；B.depths深度；C.extremes极端；D.ends结尾。由下文“includingdroughts”可知，此处指极端天气，故选C。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据一份财务报告，干旱期导致花生价格上涨了40%！A.rainy有雨的；B.shiny有光泽的；C.freezing极冷的；D.dry干的。由上文“Theworldhasalreadycaughtaglimpseofpeanut'sfuturefatewhenlastyearaseriousdroughtacrossthepeanut-growingSoutheasternU.Sledmanyplantstodie.”(世界已经看到了花生的未来命运，去年美国东南部发生严重干旱，这导致许多花生死亡。)可知，去年美国东南部发生严重干旱，这导致许多花生死亡，所以可以推出，此处指干旱期导致花生价格上涨，故选D。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果就是鱼类数量的减少。A.revolution革命；B.shrink收缩；缩小；C.extinction灭绝；D.evolution进化。由上文“Finally,intheworldofsea,asairtemperaturesrise,oceansandwaterwaysabsorbsomeoftheheatandundergowarmingoftheirown.”(最后，在海洋的世界里，随着气温上升，海洋和水道吸收了一些热量，自身也会遭遇变暖。)可知，海水变暖会导致鱼类数量的减少，故选B。【55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：吃螃蟹时那种令人满足的“爆裂声”可能会消失，因为贝类很难形成它们的碳酸钙壳，这是海洋酸化的结果。A.silenced使安静；压制；B.heightened提高；C.changed改变；D.minimized使减少到最低限度。由下文“asshellfishstruggletobuildtheircalciumcarbonate(碳酸钙)shells,aresultofoceanacidification”可知，贝类很难形成它们的碳酸钙壳，这是海洋酸化的结果，这会造成人们吃螃蟹时不会出现那种令人满足的“爆裂声”，故选A。SectionB(30分)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)ItisinterestingwhenyouthinkabouthowJapanisanationthatappreciatesthevirtuesofsilenceandgoodmanners,andyetwhenitcomestoeatingnoodles,Japanesepeoplecanbetheloudestintheworld.Accordingtolifestylewebsitegrapee.jp,slurping(发出“哧溜”声)wheneatingnoodlesisencouragedinJapaneseculture.Itisbelievedthattakingairintoyourmouthcanenhanceth