2020-2021学年上海市徐汇区高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）（不含听力音频）

2020-2021学年上海市徐汇区高一上学期期末考试英语试卷I.ListeningComprehension(25’)SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.HewouldratherhaveChinesefood.B.HehasalwayslikedChinesefood.C.HeisusedtoeatingChinesefood.D.HeateChinesefoodinthepast.2.A.InNewYork.B.InBoston.C.InMichigan.D.InWashington.3.A.Hersister’s.B.Herfather’s.C.Hermother’s.D.Herbrother’s.4.A.Hetoldthekidstoleave.B.Heseriouslywantedthewomantogo.C.Hewasjokingwhenhetoldthewomantoleave.D.Heleftwiththewoman.5.A.Takingthesummerclasses.B.Findingasummerjob.C.Waitinguntillatertodecide.D.Workingandstudying.6.A.Sheisannoyed.B.Sheisapologetic.C.Sheisunderstanding.D.Sheisbored.7.A.Hethoughtitwasaveryunrealisticmovie.B.Hewasimpressedwiththemovie.C.Heagreedwiththewomanaboutthemovie.D.Helikedthemoviebecauseitwasafairytale.8.A.He’ssorryhegavethewomanthewrongdirections.B.Hisfriendworksinthedean’soffice.C.Hecan’tgivethewomandirections.D.He’salsolookingforthedean’soffice.9.A.SheisgladJoanismoving.B.ShedoesnotbelievethatJoanwillmove.C.ShesawJoanmove.D.ShebelievesJoanismovingbecauseshesawher.10.A.ThursdaysandFridays.B.TuesdaysandFridays.C.TuesdaysandThursdays.D.Tuesdays,ThursdaysandFridays.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillhearseveralshortpassagesandlongerconversations,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversations.Thepassagesandtheconversationswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.ShoeshineBoy’sLife.B.StoryofHumanRights.C.AnImportantLessonaboutSharing.D.AnUnforgettableExperienceinaRestaurant.12.A.Otherguestscouldnoteatinthatrestaurant.B.Theywereafraidhecouldn’tpaythebill.C.Hewasdirtysincehehadbeensleepingonthestreet.D.Hisfatherwasadrunk.13.A.ThespeakerappreciatesMoises.B.ThespeakerfeelssorryforMoises.C.ThespeakerisgratefultoMoises.D.Thespeakerisbeinginformative.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.HeneededthemoneyforhisbusinessinEurope.B.Hewantedthebanktolookafterhiscarwhilehewasaway.C.Hethoughttheinterestwaslow.D.Hewasshowingoffhiswealth.15.A.$20.30.B.$5,020.30.C.$4,979.70.D.$5,000.16.A.Thebusinessmanaskedforaquitebigloan.B.Hedidn’tbelievethatthemancouldpayitbackintwoweeks.C.Heimmediatelynoticedthatthemanwasrich.D.ItwasexcitingtohaveRolls-Royceforsafekeepinginhisbank.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.17.A.Astudentcounselor(顾问).B.Astudentaccommodationofficer.C.Theman’sfriend.D.Ateachingassistant.18.A.Tocomplainaboutanoisyroommate.B.Tospeaktoher.C.Tochangehisroommate.D.Toaskforadvice.19.A.Heisfriendly.B.Heseemstobesociable.C.Hesoundsfunny.D.Helikesjokes.20.A.Tolethimchangearoom.B.TotalktoDavid.C.ToaskDavidtochangearoom.D.TotellDavidtotakethemanseriously.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(20’)(A)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelowfillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Justacraze…orcrazy?Whenanestimatedoneinsixtyparticipantswilldie,whywouldanyonewanttobasejump?Theworldrecordforbasejumping____1____(break)again,whenNasrAlNiyadiandhistrainerOmarAlHegelanjumped672metersfromthe16thflooroftheworld’stallestbuilding,theBurjKhalifainDubai.Theywerenotthefirstones____2____(attempt)this.In2008,twoothermenillegallyjumpedfromunfinishedbuilding.Havinggotintothebuildingdressedasengineers,theywerearrested____3____theyjumpedfromthebuilding.Thisisnotunusualforbasejumpersthough,____4____oftenactwithoutpermission.Forthosewhomaynotknow,basejumpingisanincreasinglypopularextremesportwhichinvolvesjumpingoffhighbuilding,bridgesorcliffswithaparachute.Itisunbelievablydangerous.Althoughaskydiver____5____haveuptothreeminutestoopenhisorherparachute,abasejumperhasonlyseconds.Thereisalsotheriskofhittingthebuildingorcliffonthewaydown.Sinceitsinventionin1981,there____6____(be)atleast147fatalities(死亡事件)relatedtothesport.Evenfansofthesportestimatethatoneinsixtyparticipantswilldie.Brave,orsimplyfoolhardy?Ifind____7____hardtounderstandwhysuchdangeroussportsaresopopular.Manypsychologistsbelievethatitisallaquestionofindividualpersonality.Menare____8____(likely)toenjoythrillseekingthanwomen,andourdesiretoexperiencetheseexcitementsishighestin____9____lateteensandearlytwenties.Butsomepeoplearenaturallydrawntoenjoythrillsanddanger,whileothersarenot.Bothtypesareimportantinanysociety,aslow-excitementseekerswillhappilycarryoutrelativelyunexcitingjobs,whilehigh-excitementseekerswillworkverywell____10____firefightersoronthestockmarket.【答案】1.wasbroken2.toattempt3.after4.who5.may6.havebeen7.it8.morelikely9.our10.as【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。跳伞的危险系数很高，但总有一些人会冒险尝试，到底是勇敢还是鲁莽，这并不好界定,但是无喜欢刺激和平淡的两种人都对社会很重要。【1题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当NasrAlNiyadi和他的教练OmarAlHegelan从世界最高建筑迪拜哈利法塔距离地面672米的16层跳下时，他们又一次打破了定点跳伞的世界纪录。分析句子结构可知主句缺少动词，且动词break和主语Theworldrecord是动宾关系，时态是过去时，因此用过去时的被动语态。故填werebroken。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们不是第一批尝试这样做的人。分析句子结构，空格处应该用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语为They，与动词attempt是主谓关系，且ones由序数词first修饰，因此应该用动词不定式作后置定语。故填toattempt。【3题详解】考查状语从句。句意：他们装扮成工程师进入大楼，从大楼跳下后被逮捕了。根据句子结构可知，空格处应该填连词。根据句意可知，他们先装扮成工程师，没有人认出来，但是从大楼跳下后才能被人们发现，根据事件先后发生顺序，after符合句意和语法要求。故填after。【4题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这对于跳伞者来说并不少见，因为他们经常在没有得到允许的情况下行动。根据句子结构，空格处应该填连词引导后面的从句，且从句缺主语，指代前面的jumpers，表示人，同时，从句为非限制性定语从句，需要用连接代词who引导。故填who。【5题详解】考查情态动词。句意：虽然跳伞运动员有三分钟的时间打开降落伞，但是定点跳伞运动员只有几秒钟的时间。分析句子结构，Although引导的从句不缺少成分，空格处设在了动词前，因此应该填助动词，根据句意，may“可以”（用于举出在需要时可以加以利用的某些特性、事实等）表示跳伞运动员确实有三分钟的时间打开降落伞。故填may。【6题详解】考查时态。句意：自从它在1981年发明以来，至少有147人死于这项运动。根据时间状语“Sinceitsinventionin1981”可知，此处应该用现在完成时，主语为fatalities，助动词用have。故填havebeen。【7题详解】考查代词。句意：我发现很难理解为什么这种危险的运动如此受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，本句考查find+形式宾语it+宾补结构，句中缺少find的宾语。故填it。【8题详解】考查比较级。句意：男人比女人更喜欢寻求刺激，而我们体验这些刺激的欲望在十八九岁和二十出头时最强烈。固定搭配belikelyto“可能”，根据比较级的标志词than可知，应该用形容词的比较级。故填morelikely。【9题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：男人比女人更喜欢寻求刺激，而我们体验这些刺激的欲望在十八九岁和二十出头时最强烈。本句考查固定搭配inone's+数词复数“在某人多大的时候”，由句意可知，空格处填我们符合语境。故填our。【10题详解】考查介词。句意：这两种类型在社会中都很重要，因为低兴奋度的求职者会乐于从事相对平淡的工作，而高兴奋度的求职者作为消防员或在股票市场上会工作得很好。根据句意，表示作为消防员会工作的很好。考查as用法，as“作为”，“以……身份”，符合语境。故填as。(B)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Afewyearsago,nobodycouldhaveimaginedbuyingawholedictionaryonCD-Rom—butwedonow,andit’saboomingbusiness.Itlooks____11____peoplearealreadyinterestedinthegeneralidea.StephenKing,thebest-sellingwriterofhorrorbooks,postedhisnewestshortstoryontheInternetanditsoldmorecopiesinitsfirstdaysthanmanyofhis____12____(print)novelshad.Well,isthisreallytheendofthebookandthenewspaper?Idoubtit,anditseemsthatevenStephenKingagrees.____13____hissuccessontheInternet,hedoesnotseemtothinkanythingcanreplacethebook!Firstofall,ittakesmuch____14____(long)forustoreadonthenet.Didyouknowthatwecanread50%morequicklyonpaperthanwecanonacomputerscreen?Thereisanotherproblem,too.Peoplesimplypreferpaper.Itdoesn’tmatterhowmanybooks,magazinesornewspapers____15____(produce)–weneverstopbuyingthem.Itseemsthatwelikethefeelofbooksandmagazines—weliketoput____16____inourbagsorpockets.Weliketositandreadintheparkoronthebeach.Publisherswillbehappytosatisfytheneedsofreaders____17____(prefer)touseascreenbutpaperloversshouldn’tworry,asthephysicalnewspaperwillundoubtedlykeepitspaceinourlives.Thereisevennewsthatasystemisbeingdeveloped____18____wecantellourcomputerswhatwewanttoread,andthentheywillprintourownpersonalnewspaperforus.Thedifferencewillbethatwewillonlyhavetoreadaboutpeopleandthings____19____interestus.Justthink—ifyouhatethebusinesssection,you_____20_____notorderit.Ifyoudisliketennis,youcanaskonlyforthefootballresults.Itsoundslikethiscouldbegoodnewsforeveryone!【答案】11.asif##asthough12.printed13.Despite14.longer15.areproduced##havebeenproduced16.them17.preferring18.where19.that20.need【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述的是，尽管网络发达；但是仍然无法代替纸质书以及报纸，解释了人们喜欢纸质书籍的原因。【11题详解】考查连词。句意：似乎人们已经对这个总体概念感兴趣了。句子结构可知此处缺少连词，连接从句；联系句意可知，此处表示“似乎、好像”；因此使用asif或者asthough，引导表语从句。故填asif或者asthough。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最畅销的恐怖小说作家斯蒂芬·金在互联网上发布了他最新的短篇小说，它在发行的头几天就比他的许多印刷小说卖得还多。分析句子结构可知句子中已经有谓语动词，因此需要填入非谓语动词作定语。此处动词与逻辑主语novels之间为被动关系，因此需要填入过去分词。故填printed。【13题详解】考查介词。句意：尽管他在互联网上取得了成功，但他似乎不认为任何东西可以取代书!根据句意可知，此处需要填入“尽管”的意思，位于名词之前，因此需要填入介词。despite“尽管”。故填Despite。【14题详解】考查比较级。句意：首先，我们在网上阅读要花更长的时间。结合句意和much可知，此处需要填比较级。故填longer。【15题详解】考查被动语态。句意：不管出版了多少书、杂志或报纸，我们都不会停止购买它们。空处为从句谓语动词，books,magazinesornewspapers和produce之间为被动关系，因此需要使用被动语态。此处，可以表示陈述事实“不管出版了多少书、杂志或报纸”，因此使用一般现在时被动语态；主语为复数，故答案为areproduced。还可以表示，“书、杂志或报纸”已经出版，因此需要使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用have。故填areproduced或者havebeenproduced。【16题详解】考查代词。句意：似乎我们喜欢书和杂志的感觉——我们喜欢把它们放在我们的包或口袋里。此处位于谓语动词之后因此需要填入代词宾格，指代前文书和杂志应用them。故填them。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：出版商很乐意满足喜欢使用屏幕的读者的需求，但纸媒爱好者不必担心，因为纸质报纸无疑将在我们的生活中保持它的节奏。分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有谓语动词，因此需要填入非谓语动词作后置定语；与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，因此需要填入现在分词。故填preferring。【18题详解】考查定语从句。句意：甚至有消息说，一种系统正在开发中，我们可以告诉电脑我们想读什么，然后他们会为我们打印出我们自己的个人报纸。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句修饰system，从句中缺少抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。【19题详解】考查定语从句。句意：不同之处在于，我们只需要阅读我们感兴趣的人和事。此处为修饰peopleandthings的限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词即有人又有物，只能用关系代词that。故填that。【20题详解】考查情态动词。句意：想想看，如果你不喜欢商业板块，你就不用去订购了。根据句意结构可知此处表示“不必、不用”，因此填入need与not构成“不必”。故填need。SectionB(10’)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.ceremonyB.competitionC.completedD.finalAB.originallyAC.mainlyAD.performingBC.predictedBD.impressiveCD.requirementABC.televisedTheSydneyOperaHouseTheSydneyOperaHouseisoneofthemostfamousarchitecturalwondersofthemodernworld.Instantlyrecognizablebothforitsroofshellsandits____21____locationinSydneyHarbour,ithasbecomeoneofthebestknownimagesofAustralia.SituatedclosetoSydneyHarbourBridge,thislargeTheconstructionoftheOperaHousewasfairlycontroversial(有争议的)asthe____24____costofthebuildingwasmuchhigherthan____25____.Itwasexpectedtocost$7million,butinfact,thefinalcostwas$102million.Thiswas____26____duetodifficultweatherconditions,problemswiththestructuraldesign,andchangesinthecontract.Theremarkableroofshellswerealsodifficulttoconstruct.Furthermore,theconstructiontooklongerthanplanned.Completionofthebuildingwas____27____expectedinfouryears,in1963.Unfortunately,becauseofthemanyproblemsandchangeswhichwerenecessaryinthedesign,thebuildingwasnot____28____untiltenyearslater,in1973.Itwasinaugurated(落成）byQueenElizabethIIon20thOctober,1973,andmillionsofpeopleattendedthe____29____.Theeventwas____30____,andincludedafireworksdisplayandaclassicalmusicperformance.【答案】21.BD22.AD23.B24.D25.BC26.AC27.AB28.C29.A30.ABC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是悉尼歌剧院。【21题详解】考查形容词。句意：它的屋顶外壳和在悉尼港令人印象深刻的位置让人一眼就能认出它，它已经成为澳大利亚最著名的形象之一。由前面的“recognizablebothfor”可知，句子表示“它的屋顶外壳和在悉尼港令人印象深刻的位置让人一眼就能认出它”，因此空格处是“令人印象深刻的”，是impressive，故选BD。【22题详解】考查形容词。句意：这座大型表演艺术中心位于悉尼海港大桥附近，始建于1959年，于1973年完工。由“artscenter”可知，悉尼歌剧院是大型表演艺术中心，因此空格处是“演艺的”，即performing，故选AD。【23题详解】考查名词。句意：在选择设计的竞赛之后，丹麦建筑师约恩·乌松被选中。由后文的“theDanisharchitectJornUtzonwaschosen”可知，在经过选择设计的竞赛之后，丹麦建筑师约恩·乌松被选中，因此空格处是“竞赛”，即competition，故选B。【24题详解】考查形容词。句意：建造歌剧院是相当有争议的，因为建筑的最终成本比预期高得多。由后文的“costofthebuildingwasmuchhigher”可知，建筑的最终成本比预期高，因此空格处是“最终的”，即final，故选D。【25题详解】考查过去分词。句意：建造歌剧院是相当有争议的，因为建筑的最终成本比预期高得多。由后文的“Itwasexpectedtocost$7million,butinfact,thefinalcostwas$102million”可知，建筑的最终成本比预期高得多，空格处是“预测”，是predict，成本是被预测，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故选BC。【26题详解】考查副词。句意：这主要是由于恶劣的天气条件、结构设计问题以及合同的变更。由后文的“duetodifficultweatherconditions”可知，这主要是由于恶劣的天气条件，因此空格处是“主要地”，用副词作状语，是mainly，故选AC。【27题详解】考查副词。句意：原计划在4年后的1963年完工。由后文的“thebuildingwasnot____untiltenyearslater,in1973”可知，原计划在4年后的1963年完工，空格处意为“原先”，用副词修饰动词expected，是originally，故选AB。【28题详解】考查被动语态。句意：不幸的是，由于设计中存在许多问题和必要的改变，这座建筑直到10年后的1973年才完成。由后文的“untiltenyearslater,in1973”可知，这座建筑直到10年后的1973年才完成，空格处是“完成”，建筑是被完成，因此空格处是过去分词completed，故选C。【29题详解】考查名词。句意：它于1973年10月20日由英国女王伊丽莎白二世主持落成典礼，数百万人参加了典礼。由“Itwasinaugurated(落成）byQueenElizabethIIon20thOctober,1973”可知，它于1973年10月20日由英国女王伊丽莎白二世主持落成典礼，数百万人参加了典礼，空格处是“典礼”，是ceremony，故选A。【30题详解】考查被动语态。句意：该活动通过电视转播，还包括烟火表演和古典音乐表演。由后文的“afireworksdisplayandaclassicalmusicperformance”可知，该典礼通过电视转播，还包括烟火表演和古典音乐表演，空格处是“转播”，是televise，典礼是被转播，因此用被动语态，空格处用过去分词，即televised，故选ABC。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA(15’)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Itiswidelybelievedthatadolescentsengageinriskybehaviorsbecauseoftoleranceforrisksbynature,butastudybyresearchersatNewYorkUniversity,Yale’sSchoolofMedicine,andFordhamTheirfindingsshowadolescentsappearto____31____theirolderpeersinthetastefortheuncertain.Whenfacedwithsituationsthathavehighlyuncertainoutcomes,most____32____groupsreactwithdislike;adolescents,____33____,oftenfindtheseuncertainsituationsquitetolerable.Ratherthanhavingatasteforrisk,asiscommonlythought,theriskybehaviorsofadolescents____34____theircomfortwiththeambiguous(模棱两可的).Thesefindings,whicharereportedinthejournaltheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,pointtobasicdifferencesbetweenadolescentsandadultsandoffernew____35____ofhowtocommunicateaboutrisktoteenagersandpre-teens.“Ourfindingsshowthatteenagersenterunsafesituationsnotbecausetheyare____36____todangerousorriskysituations,but,rather,becausetheyaren’tinformedenoughofthepossibilityoftheconsequencesoftheiractions,”explainedAgnieszkaTymula,oneofthestudy’co-authors.“Oncetheytruly____37____ariskysituation,theyare,ifanything,evenmoreunwillingtotakerisksthanadults.Thestudyalsooffersnewpossibilitiesfor____38____withthisagegroup—providingadolescentswithstatisticshighlightingtherisksofdangerousbehaviorsortrainingthatallowsthemtolearnaboutrisksinasafeway,whichmaybeeffectivein____39____them.”“Whatwefoundwasthatwhenriskswereclearlystated,adolescents_____40_____thematleastasmuchas,andsometimesmorethan,adults,”addedIfatLevy,oneofthestudy’sco-authorsattheYaleSchoolofMedicine.“Adolescentswere,however,muchmore_____41_____forambiguity._____42_____,thismakesalotofsense:youngorganismsneedtobeopentothe_____43_____inordertogaininformationabouttheirworld.”Studieshavepreviouslyestablishedthatadolescentsaremore_____44_____thanaretheirolderandyoungerpeerstoengageinbehaviorsthat,onrareoccasions,leadtoterribleconsequences.“Itisnotthatadolescentsactuallychoosetoengageinrisks,but,rather,theyarewillingtogamble(赌博)whenthey_____45_____completeknowledge,”theresearcherswrote.31.A.differfrom B.runafter C.agreewith D.dividefrom32.A.family B.age C.study D.work33.A.asaresult B.inconclusion C.forexample D.bycontrast34.A.addto B.leadto C.contributeto D.originatefrom35.A.story B.study C.understanding D.news36.A.drawn B.pushed C.brought D.taken37.A.define B.understand C.create D.destroy38.A.starting B.identifying C.communicating D.agreeing39.A.frightening B.limiting C.encouraging D.punishing40.A.tried B.abandoned C.fixed D.avoided41.A.tolerant B.enthusiastic C.concerned D.eager42.A.Materially B.Psychologically C.Biologically D.Geologically43.A.new B.exciting C.specific D.unknown44.A.likely B.cheerful C.reluctant D.able45.A.need B.lack C.gain D.apply【答案】31.A32.B33.D34.D35.C36.A37.B38.C39.B40.D41.A42.C43.D44.A45.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一项研究表明并不是青少年实际上选择冒险，而是他们在缺乏完全知识的情况下愿意冒险。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们的发现表明，青少年对不确定事物的品味似乎与年长的人不同。A.differfrom与……不同；B.runafter追赶；C.agreewith同意；D.dividefrom把……分开。根据下文“Whenfacedwithsituationsthathavehighlyuncertainoutcomes,most____2____groupsreactwithdislike;adolescents,____3____,oftenfindtheseuncertainsituationsquitetolerable.”可知青少年和年长的人的品味不同，故选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当面对结果极不确定的情况时，大多数年龄组的人会表现出厌恶;相比之下，青少年往往觉得这些不确定的情况是可以忍受的。A.family家庭；B.age年龄；C.study学校；D.work工作。根据上文的青少年对不确定事物的品味似乎与年长的人不同，可知是其他年龄组的人，故选B。【33题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：同上。A.asaresult结果；B.inconclusion总结；C.forexample举例；D.bycontrast对比。解释同上，是青少年和其他年龄组对比得出的结果，故选D。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：而不是像通常认为的那样有风险的嗜好，青少年的危险行为源于他们对模棱两可的事物的舒适。A.addto增加；B.leadto导致；C.contributeto促成；D.originatefrom源于。根据上文“oftenfindtheseuncertainsituationsquitetolerable”可知对模棱两可的事易于接受，故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些研究结果发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》(ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences)杂志上，指出了青少年和成人之间的基本差异，并为如何就青少年和学龄前儿童面临的风险进行沟通提供了新的理解。A.story故事；B.study学习；C.understanding理解；D.news消息。因为研究结果，所以应该是提供新的理解，故选C。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们的研究结果表明，青少年进入不安全的环境，不是因为他们被危险或有风险的环境所吸引，而是因为他们没有充分了解自己的行为可能产生的后果，”该研究的合著者之一AgnieszkaTymula解释说。A.drawn吸引；B.pushed推进；C.brought带来；D.taken拿，取。根据下文“but,rather,becausetheyaren’tinformedenoughofthepossibilityoftheconsequencesoftheiractions”可知前后关系是“不是……而是……”，那也就是造成这种结果不是因为他们被危险或有风险的环境所吸引，故选A。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦他们真正了解了危险的情况，他们甚至比成年人更不愿意冒险。A.define定义；B.understand了解；C.create创造；D.destroy破坏。根据下文“theyare,ifanything,evenmoreunwillingtotakerisksthanadults”说明他们一旦了解危险，他们也不愿意去冒险，故选B。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究还为与这一年龄段的青少年沟通提供了新的可能性——为青少年提供强调危险行为风险的统计数据，或训练他们以安全的方式了解风险，这可能会有效地限制他们。”A.starting开始；B.identifying识别；C.communicating沟通；D.agreeing同意。根据上文“Thestudyalsooffersnewpossibilities”可知是为青少年的沟通提供了新的可能性，故选C。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.frightening害怕；B.limiting限制；C.encouraging鼓励；D.punishing惩罚。根据前文说为青少年提供强调危险行为风险的统计数据，或让他们以安全的方式了解风险的培训，可知这样做能限制青少年的冒险行为，故选B。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：耶鲁大学医学院的IfatLevy是这项研究的共同作者之一，他补充说：“我们发现，当风险被清楚地陈述后，青少年至少和成年人一样，有时甚至比成年人还要回避这些风险。”A.tried尝试；B.abandoned放弃；C.fixed固定；D.avoided避免。根据上文“Whatwefoundwasthatwhenriskswereclearlystated”可知是清楚地了解风险才能避免，故选D。【41题详解】考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：然而，青少年对模棱两可的事情更能容忍。A.tolerant忍受的；B.enthusiastic热情的；C.concerned关心的；D.eager渴望的。根据前文说青少年对模棱两可的事情可以忍受，故选A。【42题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：从生物学上讲，这很有道理:年轻的生物体需要对未知开放，以便获得关于它们的世界的信息。”A.Materially物质上地；B.Psychologically心理上地；C.Biologically生物上地；D.Geologically地质上地。根据下文“youngorganisms”可知是生物学上，故选C。【43题详解】考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.new新的；B.exciting激动的；C.specific具体的；D.unknown未知的。根据下文“inordertogaininformationabouttheirworld”所以应该是喜欢探索未知的东西，故选D。【44题详解】考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：此前的研究已经证实，青少年比他们的年龄更大或更年轻的同龄人更有可能做出在极少数情况下会导致可怕后果的行为。A.likely可能的；B.cheerful欢乐的；C.reluctant不情愿的；D.able能够的。根据前文可知道的研究结果是青少年比他们的年龄更大或更年轻的同龄人更有可能做出冒险行为，故选A。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员写道：“这并不是说青少年实际上选择冒险，而是他们在缺乏完全知识的情况下愿意冒险。”A.need需要；B.lack缺少；C.gain获得；D.apply应用。根据上文““Itisnotthatadolescentsactuallychoosetoengageinrisks,but,rather,theyarewillingtogamble(赌博)”可知是他们缺少知识的情况下更愿意去冒险。故选B。SectionB(22’)Directions:Readthefollowingtwopassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AAtwenty-three-year-oldDutchstudenthasenjoyedashortbutunexpectedholidayinDubai.MrFrankVreede,abusinessstudent,hadtakenapart-timejobatSchipholLastFridaynight,afteranexhaustingdayintheuniversitylibrarypreparingforhisfinalexams,Frankwasloadingaplaneattheairport.Hewaswaitingforthenextbaggagetrucktoarriveandhefelttired.Hedecidedtohaveaquickrest,sohesatdownintheholdoftheplaneandshuthiseyes—justforamoment.However,whilehewassleeping,theplanetookoff.Anhourlater,Frankwokeupandwasfrightenedtodiscoverthattheplanewasintheair.Therewasaterriblenoisefromtheengines,andhetriednottobeafraid.FrankknewtheflightwouldbelongbecauseitwasanairlinefromtheMiddleEast.Healsoknewhecouldnotsurvivethefreezingtemperature.Itwasanimpossiblesituation.Hedecidedtomakeasmuchnoiseaspossible.Hebangedontheceilingofthebaggageholdandshoutedatthetopofhisvoice.Luckily,apassengerheardthenoiseandtoldthepilot.Oncethecaptainunderstoodwhatwashappening,heorderedhotairtobepumpedintothehold.WhentheplanearrivedatDubaiInternationalFrankexplainedthathewasveryluckybecauseitispossibletodieofcoldintheholdofanaircraft.Heapologizedtohisbossforsleepingatworkinsteadofworking,andpromiseditwouldnothappenagain.“DuringtheflightIwaspetrified.IthoughtIwasgoingtodie!”saidMrVreede.“Iwouldn’twanttodoitagain.Nexttime,I’llcatcharegularflight!”46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistheexplanationof“Itwasanimpossiblesituation”(inparagraph3)?A.Thelongflightmightnotendasscheduled.B.Itwastoocoldtosurviveintheholdoftheplane.C.Frankwastootiredtoletothersknowwhathappened.D.ThenoisewouldkeepFrankawakeduringthejourney.47.WhathappenedtoFrankwhenhearrivedatDubai?A.Hewasfoundseriouslyhurt.B.Hewassentbackhomeimmediately.C.Hestayedinahotelfortheweekend.D.Heapologizedtohismanagerforhismistake.48.Theword“petrified”(inparagraph6)isclosestinmeaningto________.A.shocked B.bored C.worried D.terrified49.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AFreeFlighttoDubaiB.AShortbutPleasantJourneytoDubaiC.ASuccessfulFlightDASmartbutUnluckyBaggageHandler【答案】46.B47.C48.D49.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是商学院学生弗兰克•弗里德在迪拜度过了一个短暂而意外的假期。【46题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Healsoknewhecouldnotsurvivethefreezingtemperature.（他也知道自己无法在严寒中生存。）”可知，划线句的意思是机舱里太冷了，无法生存。故选B。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“ThemanagingdirectorofoneofDubai’stophotelsofferedhimafreeroomfortheweekend.（迪拜一家顶级酒店的总经理给他提供了一个周末的免费房间。）”可知，弗兰克到达迪拜后他在一家旅馆过周末。故选C。【48题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“IthoughtIwasgoingtodie!（我以为我要死了！）”可知，当觉得自己快死了的时候人应该会觉得害怕，因此划线词petrified的意思是“害怕的”，即terrified，故选D。【49题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Atwenty-three-year-oldDutchstudenthasenjoyedashortbutunexpectedholidayinDubai.（一名23岁的荷兰学生在迪拜度过了一个短暂而意外的假期。）”根据第二段“Hewaswaitingforthenextbaggagetrucktoarriveandhefelttired.Hedecidedtohaveaquickrest,sohesatdownintheholdoftheplaneandshuthiseyes—justforamoment.”（他在等下一辆行李运输车，感到很累。他决定快速休息一下，于是他在机舱里坐下来，闭上眼睛——就一会儿。）根据第三段“However,whilehewassleeping,theplanetookoff.Anhourlater,Frankwokeupandwasfrightenedtodiscoverthattheplanewasintheair.”（然而，就在他睡着的时候，飞机起飞了。一个小时后，弗兰克醒了过来，惊恐地发现飞机正在空中飞行）可知，本文主要讲的是一名工作在机场的23岁的荷兰学生因为困倦而误乘坐在行李舱去了迪拜。了因此本文最好的题目是A选项“AFreeFlighttoDubai（飞往迪拜的免费航班）”，故选A。BClimatechangeiscausedbytheextremelyhighlevelsofdangerouschemicalsintheatmosphere,particularlycarbondioxide.Weallknowtheeffectscouldbedisastrous,butareweawareofthepossiblesolutions?Solutionone:Thoughitsoundscrazy,agroupofresearchersfromBritishuniversitiesismakingaplantobuilda12-milepipe,heldupbyahugeballoon,whichwouldletalotofchemicals,suchassulphurdioxide(SO2),gointotheatmosphere.Surprisingly,thereisgoodsciencebehindtheidea.Thechemicalswouldformaprotectivelayeraroundtheearththatwouldreflectsunlightandsocooltheearth,muchliketheeffectsofavolcaniceruption.Cost:around$10billionayearBenefits:Thisplanwouldproducealmostinstantresults.Risks:Volcanoeshavealmostdestroyhumaninthepastthroughthechemicalsreleasedintheatmosphere,andthesamethingcouldhappenagainwiththisplan.Solutiontwo:stirup(搅动)theoceansIntellectualVentures,whichisacompany,hasplannedtobuildamillionplastictubes,eachabout100meterslong,andusethemtostiruptheocean.Why,youmightbewondering,wouldwewanttodothis?Again,theanswerisscientificallyeffective.Thebottomoftheoceanisalmostfreezingandbystirringitup,coldwaterwouldcometothesurfaceandabsorb(吸收)heatandCO2,andsocooltheplanet.Cost:tensofmillionsofdollarsBenefits:Thisplanisrelativelycheapandtechnicallypossiblenew.Risks:Thetubeswouldpossiblydestroysealife,andtheplanmaynotwork.Solutionthree:stopburningfossilfuelsThisisundoubtedlythebestsolutionbutisitreallylikelytohappeninthenearfuture?Cost:unknownBenefits:It’sasimpleandeffectiveplan.Risks:Itmayalreadybetoolate.Withoutrealaction,thisplancouldjustmean“donothing”.50.Solutiononeismostlikelyto________.A.pump