2024年中考英语基础语法专题练习名词含解析

专题一 名词学前自测（发觉考点）()1.Notmuchofthe____issurprisinginGuangzhouDailytoday.A.ideasB.newsC.opinionsD.articles()2.—Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?—____,please.A.Twobottleoforange B.TwobottleoforangesC.Twobottlesoforange D.Twobottlesoforanges()3.—Ihad___forbreakfastthismorning.Whataboutyou,Lily?—Justapieceofbread.A.somenoodles B.afewnoodleC.alittlenoodle D.anoodle()4.Whenweareintrouble,weneedtoget___fromothers.A.manymoney B.someadviceC.manyhelp D.somechances()5.Greenrepresents____andnature.Whenyoufeelweak,youcanweargreen.A.sadness B.purity C.joy D.energy()6.Mickeyisoneofthemostfamous____inAmerican_____.A.symbol;culture B.symbol;culturesC.symbols;culture D.symbols;cultures()7.SpringisTom’sfavourite____.Helikeswarmweather.A.holiday B.season C.fruit D.drink()8.Inautumntherearealotof____ontheground.A.leaf B.leafs C.leaves D.leave()9.Look!Youcanseemany___inthepool.Andhereissome___foryoutokeepthem.A.fish;suggestion B.fishes;advicesC.fish;advice D.fishes;suggestion()10.___Dayiscoming.Iwillbuysome____forMissWu.A.Teacher's;flower B.Teachers';flowersC.Teachers';flower D.Teacher's;flowers常考考点学问清单（研习考点）考点一可数名词的复数形式1.规则改变状况构成方法例词一般状况加-spen—pens;doctor—doctors;map—maps以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-esbus—buses;box—boxes;watch—watches;brush—brushes以辅音字母加y结尾将y变为I再加-esfactory—factories;family—families状况构成方法例词以元音字母加y结尾只加-sboy—boys;day—days以o结尾有生命的加-esNegro—Negroes;hero—heroes;potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes巧记:黑人英雄喜爱吃土豆和西红柿。(两人两菜)无生命的加-sphoto—photos;radio—radios;piano—pianos状况构成方法例词以f或fe结尾将f或fe变为v再加-eswife—wives;thief—thieves;shelf—shelves;knife—knives;wolf—wolves;half—halves;leaf—leaves;life—lives巧记:妻见小偷架下藏,手拿小刀想杀狼,谁知落下半片叶,砸在头上一命亡。加-sroof—roofs2.不规则改变(1)man—men;woman—women;child—children;foot—feet;tooth—teeth;goose—geese;mouse—mice(2)单复数相同:sheep—sheep;deer—deer;fish—fish留意:fish强调鱼的条数的时候,单复数同形;强调鱼的种类的时候,复数形式要加-es,即fishes。(3)某国人变复数的歌诀:中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面。Chinese—Chinese;Japanese—Japanese;Englishman—Englishmen;American—Americans(4)有些名词本身是复数形式,如:clothes;pants;trousers;jeans;shorts;glasses;people等。留意:people当“人们”讲时,本身是复数形式;当“民族”讲时,是单数形式,其复数要在末尾加-s。apeople;56peoples3.复合名词的数(1)一般状况下把后面一个名词变为复数,作定语的名词不变。agirlstudent—fivegirlstudents;anappletree—tenappletrees(2)由man和woman构成的复合名词,变复数时要把名词和man/woman同时变为复数。amandoctor—threemendoctors;awomanteacher—sixwomenteachers(3)sport作定语修饰其他名词时,无论主题词是单数还是复数,sport通常用复数形式。asportsclub;sportsshoes留意:时间名词作定语有两种形式:两天的假期atwo-dayholiday或twodays’holiday非常钟的路程aten-minuteride或tenminutes’ride考点二不行数名词1.不行数名词没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a/an修饰,但可用much,alotof/lotsof,plentyof,some,lit-tle,alittle等修饰。作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。Thereissometeainthecup.茶杯里有些茶。2.不行数名词还常用“数词/不定冠词+量词+of+不行数名词”来表示不行数名词的量。apieceofpaper一张纸,twocupsoftea两杯茶,aglassofwater一玻璃杯水,threebottlesofpop三瓶汽水。作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于of前面的量词的数。Therearethreeglassesoforangejuiceonthetable.桌子上有三杯橙汁。考点三名词全部格1.’s全部格状况方法例子单数名词加’smyfriend’suncle我挚友的叔叔以s结尾的复数名词加’Teachers’Day老师节不以s结尾的复数名词加’sChildren'sDay儿童节表示两人共有在最终一个名词后加’sLucyandLily'smother露西和莉莉的妈妈表示各自全部在各个名词后加’sLucy’sandLily’srooms露西的房间和莉莉的房间2.of全部格主要用于表示无生命事物的全部关系。thenameofthefilm电影的名字thecoverofthebook书的封面3.双重全部格“名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词全部格”构成双重全部格形式。afriendofhers她的一个挚友afriendofMike's迈克的一个挚友考点四专出名词专出名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。它的第一个字母必需大写。专出名词前一般不加冠词。1.表示人名、尊称和头衔的专出名词Einstein爱因斯坦PresidentObama奥巴马总统DoctorLin林博士/林医生QueenElizabethII伊利莎白女王二世MrBrown布朗先生留意:人名的前面若有尊称或头衔,如Mr(先生),President(总统)等时,其第一个字母也要大写。2.表示国名、地名、山河名的专出名词Korea韩国Paris巴黎PacificOcean太平洋Mississippi密西西比河Mt.Qomolangma珠穆朗玛峰3.表示团体、机构和报刊的专出名词MuseumofPostalHistory邮政博物馆ChinaDaily中国日报SydneyOperaHouse悉尼歌剧院HarvardUniversity哈佛高校4.表示星期、月份和节日的专出名词Monday星期一March三月NationalDay国庆节5.由一般名词构成的专出名词theNorthPole北极theRiverNile尼罗河theForbiddenCity紫禁城theBund上海外滩theGreatWall长城theTempleofHeaven天坛theWhiteHouse白宫theTerracottaWarriors兵马俑thePeople’sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国留意:上面列举的由一般名词构成的专出名词前要用定冠词“the”,但它的首字母不大写。巩固训练（夯实基础）一、单项选择()1.—MayIhelpyou?—Yes,I'dliketohave20____.Ineedthemtodrawpictures.A.pieceofpaper B.piecesofpaperC.piecesofpapers D.pieceofpapers()2.—Howdoestheoldmanmakea___onthefarm?—Heraisesmany.A.life;duck B.living;horseC.life;bird D.living;sheep()3.—CanIhelpyou?—I'dlike____fortwindaughters.A.twopairofshoes B.twopairsofshoeC.twopairofshoe D.twopairsofshoes()4.—Kate,what'sinthebigbowl?—Afew_____andalittle.A.pear;water B.pears;watersC.pear;waters D.pears;water()5.—Thetwocitieshavereachedan____todevelopscienceandtechnology.—That'sgreat!A.educationB.excitement C.agreementD.invitation()6.—Look,myshirtisthesameasyour____.—Soitis.A.brother B.sisters C.brothers D.brother's()7.Recentlypeoplecaremoreaboutthesafetyof____.Everyonewantstoeathealthily.A.foods B.clothes C.buildings D.water()8.Inourschool,thenumberofwomenteachers____becominglargerandlarger.A.is B.are C.be D.been()9.—Therearetwenty____inourschool.—Yes,andtheyworkveryhard.A.manteacher B.manteachers C.menteachers D.menteacher()10.—Isawlotsof_____inthehall.—Andtherewereseveral_____init,too.A.American;Japanese B.Americans;JapaneseC.American;Japaneses D.Americans;Japaneses二、用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Weplayeda