2023-2024学年广东省深圳市光明区八年级（上）期末英语试卷

第1页（共1页）2023-2024学年广东省深圳市光明区八年级（上）期末英语试卷一、完形填空，阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。1．（10分）MyclassmatesandIarealwaysthinkingaboutthefuture.Mostconversationswithmyfriendsareaboutcollege（大学）andour（1）.However，Irecentlyrealizedthatkeepingmymindonthefuture（2）mefromlivinginthepresent（现在）.Insteadoflearningnewknowledge，Ifoundmyselfonlycaredaboutgettinggood（3）forenteringcollege.Ieventookclassesjustbecausetheywereeasyandwouldhelpmegetahighermark.Iwastoo（4）tobeawareofthebeautyaroundme.Isawhighschoolonlyasahighwaytoconnectchildhoodwithadulthood（成年）untilIattendeda（5）inmyschoollastmonth.Thatnight，Idanced（6）with200sweatyteenagersandexperiencedalonglostfeeling：beingpresent.Noneofushadthoughtsaboutour（7）.Mostofusdidn'tdoourhomework.How（8）itwastobeyoung!Thatnight，we"ranaway"fromthefuture.Asyoungpeopleandnothingmore，wedanced，sangandvaluedthemomenttogether.Thisnight（9）mylife.Iunderstandthathighschoolismorethanapathwaytoadulthood.Sincethatdance，I'vefully（10）mylifeasateenagerratherthananadulttobe.Insteadofdistantfuture，Itrytothinkjustonedayatatime.Iwillkeeplookingforwardtomyadulthood.Butfirstandforemost，Iwillbeateenager.（1）A.dreamsB.feelingsC.experiencesD.problems（2）A.tookB.freedC.savedD.stopped（3）A.ideasB.gradesC.answersD.reasons（4）A.happyB.excitedC.stupidD.worried（5）A.gameB.classC.danceD.meeting（6）A.gentlyB.patientlyC.cheerfullyD.confidently（7）A.futuresB.choicesC.decisionsD.weaknesses（8）A.nervousB.difficultC.importantD.wonderful（9）A.litupB.caredforC.sloweddownD.learntabout（10）A.sharedB.enjoyedC.imaginedD.supported二、阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。2．（7.5分）Weproducealotofrubbishathome，atschoolsandinparkseveryday.Wheredoesallthisrubbishgo？Scientistshavemadeanup﹣side﹣downpyramidofthedifferentwaystodealwith（处理）rubbish.Theworstwaysareatthebottomandthebestwaysareatthetop.Incities，youseldomseerubbishinopenareasbecausepeopleusuallycollectrubbishandsendittolandfills.Alandfillisahugeholethatcanholdrubbish.Insomelandfills，wasteistreated（被处理）tomakeitlessharmfulbeforeitisputunderground.Oncealandfillisfull，peoplecoveritwithsoilsafely.Aparkorplaygroundcanthenbebuiltontopofit.Anotherwaytodealwithrubbishistoburnit.Thisproducesenergybutalsoharmfulgases.Insomeplaces，thesegasesarecleanedbeforetheyareletoff.Inthemiddleofthepyramidisrecycling.Thismeansusingrubbishtomakenewproducts.Usedglassbottles，forexample，canberemadeintonewglassproducts.Peoplebreakupwastepaperandmixitwithwatertomakenewpaper.Reusingisanothereffectivewaytodealwithrubbish.Thismeansusing"waste"inanotherway.Buyingandsellingsecond﹣handthingsonlineisagoodexample.Wastepreventionisatthetopofthepyramid.Itmeansnotproducingrubbishinthefirstplace.Forexample，saynotothrowawayplasticcupsattheverybeginning.Chooseglassinstead!Youcanuseitoverandoveragain.（1）Wheredoesrubbishgoifpeoplesendittolandfills？A.Athome.B.Atschools.C.Inopenareas.D.Undertheground.（2）Whatwillpeopledowhentheytrytorecyclerubbish？A.Coveritwithsoilsafely.B.Turnitintosomethingnew.C.Burnitdownandmakeenergy.D.Breakitupandmixitwithwater.（3）Howdoweachievewasteprevention？A.Bychoosingreusablethings.B.Bythinkingofwaystoreuseit.C.Bysellingsecond﹣handthingsonline.D.Bycollectingandsendingittolandfills.（4）Howmanywaysarethereforpeopletodealwithwaste？A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.（5）Inwhichpartofanewspapercouldyoupossiblyreadthispassage？A.Health.B.Movies.C.Travelling.D.Environment.3．（7.5分）Howdoyoucommunicatewithyourfamilyandfriends？AlotofpeoplechoosetouseMandarin（普通话）overdialects（方言）indailylivesthesedays.Asaresult，somelocaldialectsareindangerofdisappearing.Tosavethem，theChinesegovernmentstartedtheChineseLanguageResourcesProtectionProjectafewyearsago.Thisprojectlooksathowpeopletalkin1，712places.Theirlanguagesinclude103dialectsthatarealmostgone.IthashelpedChinatobuildthelargestlanguageresourcelibraryintheworld.There'sanonlinelibrarywherepeoplecanlearndialectsfromover5.6millionaudioclips（音频）andover5millionvideos.ScholarZhangHongmingtalkedabouthisworries."Foraboutover10years，intheWudialectareassuchasShanghaiandSuzhou，childrenaged6to15canunderstandbuthardlyspeakthedialect.Meanwhile，youngpeopleabove15yearsoldsometimesspeakit，butnotverywell.Ifthiskeepshappening，thedialectmightdisappear，"hesaid.SohowdidChinamakethisbiglibrary？Abignationalefforthasbeenputintotheprojecttomakeithappen.Overfiveyears，morethan4，500expertsandmorethan6，000dialectspeakersjoinedin.Theprojectisnowenteringintoitssecondpart.Thisincludescreatingtoolslikeappsandmobiledictionariestohelppeoplelearndialects.Languageprotectionmatterstoallofus.Forordinarypeople，postingaudioclipsandvideosofdialectscanalsohelpkeepthemalive.（1）WhywastheChineseLanguageResourcesProtectionProjectstarted？A.Tokeepdialectsfromdisappearing.B.Toprovidepeoplewithmorechoices.C.ToencouragemorepeopletouseMandarin.D.Tohelppeoplecommunicatewitheachother.（2）Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthelibrary？A.103populardialects.B.Morethan5millionvideos.C.Offlinelibrariesin1，712places.D.Lessthan5.6millionaudioclips.（3）WhatdoesZhangHongmingthinkofthefutureoftheWudialect？A.Bright.B.Hopeful.C.Unsure.D.Worrying.（4）Whatdoes"it"refertoinParagraph4？A.Thelibrary.B.Theproject.C.Theeffort.D.Thetool.（5）Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage？A.LanguagesinDangerB.MainDialectsinChinaC.ActiontoSaveDialectsD.ToolsforCreatingDialects4．（7.5分）Ashortvideoofatoybear'sjourneytonearspacebecameahitontheInternet.Thisbearisnoordinarytoy.ItcarriedthechildhooddreamofLiZhenghan，anengineeringstudentinZhejiang.Lihasdreamtofgoingintospacesincehewasachild.Unluckily，hedidn'tpassthemedicalexamination（体检）forpilottraininginhighschool.Buthedidn'tgiveupandgottheideatosendasmalltoyintospaceafterseeingsimilarexperimentsonline.However，hejuststartedcollegeatthattimeandhadnoideahowtodoit.Overtheyears，hekeptlearningandbecameexperiencedinengineeringexperiment.Finally，Lifeltthatthetimewasright.Hesharedhisideawithsomeschoolmates.Theyallfounditcoolanddecidedtosendtheirschoolmascot，atoybearinalabcoat，intospace.ThebigdayfinallyarrivedinthepastOctober.Afterstudyingmanyfactors（因素），theteamdecidedtoflythebearfromLi'shometowninnortheasternChina.Aftercarefulchecks，theytiedthetoytoahelium（氦气）balloonandwatcheditslowlyriseintothesky.Throughacamera，LisawnotonlywhatthingsonEarthlookedlike，butalsotheplanet'sbluehalo（光晕）.Infact，thebear'sjourneywasnotassmoothasitappearedinthevideo.Limetallkindsofproblems，butnothingcoulddestroyhisdream.Lisaystheywillkeepworkingonmanymoreprojects.Oneday，another"bear"willtakeofffromtheirhands.（1）WhydidLidecidetosendatoybeartospace？A.Togetreadyforpilottraining.B.Torealizehischildhooddream.C.Tofurtherhisstudyinengineering.D.Tomakehimselfwell﹣knownonline.（2）WhodidLisharehisideawith？A.Hisschoolmates.B.Onlinefriends.C.Hisstudents.D.Videomakers.（3）WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4？A.Theteamdidalotfortheproject.B.Theteamsuccessfullylaunchedthetoybear.C.Theteamflewtothenearspacewithaballoon.D.TheteamchoseLi'shometowntoflythetoybear.（4）Whatisthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents？a.Liandhisfriendschoseaplacetoflythebear.b.Lienjoyedthebeautifulscenethroughacamera.c.Lisawvideosaboutsendingsmalltoystothespace.d.Lipostedavideooflaunchingatoyintonearspace.e.Lididn'tpassthemedicalexaminationforpilottraining.A.e﹣c﹣a﹣d﹣bB.d﹣e﹣c﹣a﹣bC.d﹣a﹣c﹣b﹣eD.e﹣c﹣a﹣b﹣d（5）Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean？A.Theywilldoexperimentsinotherfields.B.Theywilloperateanairplanebythemselves.C.Theywillkeepchallengingthemselvestonewgoals.D.Theywillmakeandpostmorevideosabouttoysonline.三、请阅读下面的短文，并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。5．（10分）Advertisementsarealmosteverywhereinourlives.Weseethemonsmartphoneapps，TVs，andbigscreensinshoppingmalls.Butinancienttimes，therewerenotheseinventions.（1）Thepurposeofadvertisingistoattractcustomers'attention.Thiswasalsotrueinancienttimes.Morethan2，000yearsago，QuYuanwrotethepoemHeavenlyQuestions.Itmentionsamanwhosellsmeatinamarket.（2）Thiswasaneasywaytodrawpeople'sattention.Anothersimplewaytoadvertisewastoshoutaboutgoods.IntheSongDynasty，sellersusedcleversongstomarkettheirgoods.（3）（4）Hereisastoryofahorseseller.Atfirst，heshoutedtothecrowdabouthowgoodhishorseswere.However，noonewasinterested.Later，themancameupwithagoodidea.HewenttoBoLe，afamouspersonwithmuchknowledgeofhorsesandsaidtohim，"Couldyouvisitmystall（摊位）andlookatmyhorses？"BoLeagreed.Hewenttotheseller'sstallandshowedgreatinterestinthehorses.（5）Howusefulthiswayofadvertisingwas!A.Howdidpeopleselltheirgoods（商品）？B.Soon，everyhorseinthestallhadabuyer.C.Theyallowustoknowwhatisnewinmarkets.D.Heknockedhisknifeonthetabletomakeasound.E.Inaddition，somesellersaskedfamouspeopleforhelp.F.Thewordsinthesongsmadetheirgoodseasytoremember.四、信息匹配。6．（7.5分）下面的材料A﹣F分别介绍了六种百科全书。请根据Luke，Stella，Jay，Clair和Olivia的喜好或者需求，向他们推荐合适的书籍。（1）Lukeisgoingtowriteareportonthedevelopmentofcarswiththreewheels.（2）StellawantstolearntomakeaChineseknotforherfriend'scomingbirthday.（3）Jaywantstokeepapetandwouldliketoknowmoreaboutanimalsbeforethat.（4）Clairwillholdapartytocelebratethenewyear.Sheneedssometipsaboutcooking.（5）OliviaisgoingtomovetoanewhousethisFebruary.Shehasagardentolookafter.A.EncyclopediaofKnotsandFancyRopeWorkThisisthegreatestbookonknotsandropeworkeverpublished，yetitisforanyonefromeighttoeighty.Morethan3，600knotsaredescribed.B.TheConciseAnimalEncyclopediaThisfantasticencyclopediacontainsmorethan2000animalsofalltypesfromthesmallestanimaltothebiggest.C.APocketDictionaryofFoods&CulinaryEncyclopediaThisclassicbookcontainsacompleteencyclopediaofdishesanddrinks.Itisperfectforcookingloversandwouldmakeforahandyadditiontokitchencollections.D.TheArts：AVisualEncyclopediaFromancientpaintingstomodern﹣daystreetart，thisartbookforchildrentracesthedevelopmentofpainting，andphotographythroughtheages.E.TheEncyclopediaofGardeningItisadictionaryofplants，trees，shrubs，fruits，vegetables，andgreenhouseplants，andmuchmore.Youmaybeattractedbythenewintroductiononthehistoryofgardening.F.Three﹣WheelersA﹣ZThisbooktellstheamazingstoryofthree﹣wheelers，includingbubblecars，microcars，kitcarsandsoon.Youcanfinddifferenttypesofthree﹣wheelersfrom1940todate.五、语法填空，阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定的位置上。7．（10分）Ifyou'vebeentoDunhuang，youmustrememberthebeautifulpaintingsandsculptures（雕像）verywell.Whenwetalkabout（1）placetoday，it'shardnottomentionthe"DaughterofDunhuang"—FanJinshi.FangrewupinShanghai.WhilestudyingatPekingUniversity，shefoundherloveforarchaeology（考古学）.Thisloveled（2）（she）toDunhuangwheresheworkedafterleavingschool.ThepaintingsandsculpturesamazedFan.Shedecided（3）（protect）themaswellasshecould.LifeinDunhuangwashard.Thetables，chairsandbedswereallmadeofmud.Theroofwasmadeofpaper.（4）nothingcouldkillherloveforthatplace.Overthepast60years，Fan（5）（walk）throughtheMogaoCaves（莫高窟）manytimes.Shehas（6）（careful）studiedeverypaintingandsculpture.Fanplannedandcarriedout（7）（large）protectionprograminthehistoryoftheMogaoCaves.Sheputforwardtheideaofbuildinga"digital（数字的）Dunhuang"andhasalsohelpedtoputonmany（8）（success）showsoflocalarts."Duringtheday，IthinkaboutDunhuang.（9）night，Idreamaboutit.Unlessmylifecomestoanend，Iwillstayhereandtrytoprotectit，"sheoncesaid.Sheishappythatmoreyoungpeopleareinterestedinarchaeology.Shehopestheywillfindbetter（10）（way）toprotectDunhuang'streasurehouseofart.六、书面表达。8．（15分）假定你是李华，学期初你转学到了光裕学校，一个学期以来你的校园生活有许多变化，请你根据以下要点提示，给你的外国朋友Amy写一封电子邮件，介绍你的校园生活。要点：（1）介绍新学校的校园环境；（2）校园的生活：①参与英语文化周活动；②参加足球社团；③……（自行补充一点）（3）你的感受。注意：（1）词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；（2）要点齐全，可适当发挥；（3）不得出现真实姓名和校名；（4）条理清楚，造句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。DearAmy，I'msoexcitedtosharemyschoollife.Ihavestudiedinmynewschoolfor4months._______________________________________________________________________Ilookforwardtolearningaboutyourschoollife.Yours，LiHua

2023-2024学年广东省深圳市光明区八年级（上）期末英语试卷参考答案与试题解析一、完形填空，阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。1．（10分）MyclassmatesandIarealwaysthinkingaboutthefuture.Mostconversationswithmyfriendsareaboutcollege（大学）andour（1）A.However，Irecentlyrealizedthatkeepingmymindonthefuture（2）Dmefromlivinginthepresent（现在）.Insteadoflearningnewknowledge，Ifoundmyselfonlycaredaboutgettinggood（3）Bforenteringcollege.Ieventookclassesjustbecausetheywereeasyandwouldhelpmegetahighermark.Iwastoo（4）Dtobeawareofthebeautyaroundme.Isawhighschoolonlyasahighwaytoconnectchildhoodwithadulthood（成年）untilIattendeda（5）Cinmyschoollastmonth.Thatnight，Idanced（6）Cwith200sweatyteenagersandexperiencedalonglostfeeling：beingpresent.Noneofushadthoughtsaboutour（7）A.Mostofusdidn'tdoourhomework.How（8）Ditwastobeyoung!Thatnight，we"ranaway"fromthefuture.Asyoungpeopleandnothingmore，wedanced，sangandvaluedthemomenttogether.Thisnight（9）Amylife.Iunderstandthathighschoolismorethanapathwaytoadulthood.Sincethatdance，I'vefully（10）Bmylifeasateenagerratherthananadulttobe.Insteadofdistantfuture，Itrytothinkjustonedayatatime.Iwillkeeplookingforwardtomyadulthood.Butfirstandforemost，Iwillbeateenager.（1）A.dreamsB.feelingsC.experiencesD.problems（2）A.tookB.freedC.savedD.stopped（3）A.ideasB.gradesC.answersD.reasons（4）A.happyB.excitedC.stupidD.worried（5）A.gameB.classC.danceD.meeting（6）A.gentlyB.patientlyC.cheerfullyD.confidently（7）A.futuresB.choicesC.decisionsD.weaknesses（8）A.nervousB.difficultC.importantD.wonderful（9）A.litupB.caredforC.sloweddownD.learntabout（10）A.sharedB.enjoyedC.imaginedD.supported【解答】（1）考查名词。句意：我和朋友的大多数对话都是关于大学和我们的梦想。A.梦想，B.感受，C.经历，D.问题，根据MyclassmatesandIarealwaysthinkingaboutthefuture.（我和我的同学总是在思考未来。）可知，我和朋友的大多数对话都是关于大学和我们的梦想。故选A。（2）考查动词。句意：然而，我最近意识到把心思放在未来会阻止我活在当下。A.拿了，B.放了，C.救了，D.阻止，固定搭配stopfromdoingsth阻止做某事。故选D。（3）考查名词。句意：我发现自己不去学习新知识，只关心考上大学的好成绩。A.想法，B.成绩，C.答案，D.原因，根据becausetheywereeasyandwouldhelpmegetahighermark.（只是因为它们很简单，可以帮助我取得更高的分数。）可知，指的是成绩。故选B。（4）考查形容词。句意：我太焦虑了，没有意识到我周围的美。A.高兴的，B.兴奋的，C.愚蠢的，D.焦虑的，根据tobeawareofthebeautyaroundme.（没有意识到我周围的美。）可知，太焦虑了。故选D。（5）考查名词。句意：直到上个月我参加了学校的一场舞会，我才意识到高中只是连接童年和成年的一条高速公路。A.游戏，B.课堂，C.舞蹈，D.会议，根据Thatnight，Idanced（那天晚上，我跳舞）可知，我参加了学校的一场舞会。故选C。（6）考查副词。句意：那天晚上，我和200名汗流浃背的青少年欢快地跳着舞，体验了一种久违的感觉，A.温柔地，B.耐心地，C.愉快地，D.自信地，根据experiencedalonglostfeeling：beingpresent.（体验了一种久违的感觉：活在当下。）可知，欢快地跳着舞。故选C。（7）考查名词。句意：我们谁也没有考虑过我们的未来。A.未来，B.选择，C.决策，D.弱点，根据experiencedalonglostfeeling：beingpresent.（体验了一种久违的感觉：活在当下。）可知，我们谁也没有考虑过我们的未来。故选A。（8）考查形容词。句意：年轻是多么美好啊！A.紧张的，B.困难的，C.重要的，D.美好的，根据Asyoungpeopleandnothingmore，wedanced，sangandvaluedthemomenttogether.（作为年轻人，我们一起跳舞，唱歌，珍惜这一刻。）可知，年轻是多么美好。故选D。（9）考查短语。句意：这个夜晚照亮了我的生活。A.点亮，B.照顾，C.放慢，D.了解，根据Iunderstandthathighschoolismorethanapathwaytoadulthood.（我明白高中不仅仅是通往成年的道路。）可知，这个夜晚照亮了我的生活。故选A。（10）考查动词。句意：自从那次舞会之后，我充分享受了少年时代的生活，而不是成年后的生活。A.共享，B.享受，C.想象，D.支持，根据Insteadofdistantfuture，Itrytothinkjustonedayatatime.（我试着一次只考虑一天，而不是遥远的未来。）可知，我充分享受了少年时代的生活，而不是成年后的生活。故选B。二、阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。2．（7.5分）Weproducealotofrubbishathome，atschoolsandinparkseveryday.Wheredoesallthisrubbishgo？Scientistshavemadeanup﹣side﹣downpyramidofthedifferentwaystodealwith（处理）rubbish.Theworstwaysareatthebottomandthebestwaysareatthetop.Incities，youseldomseerubbishinopenareasbecausepeopleusuallycollectrubbishandsendittolandfills.Alandfillisahugeholethatcanholdrubbish.Insomelandfills，wasteistreated（被处理）tomakeitlessharmfulbeforeitisputunderground.Oncealandfillisfull，peoplecoveritwithsoilsafely.Aparkorplaygroundcanthenbebuiltontopofit.Anotherwaytodealwithrubbishistoburnit.Thisproducesenergybutalsoharmfulgases.Insomeplaces，thesegasesarecleanedbeforetheyareletoff.Inthemiddleofthepyramidisrecycling.Thismeansusingrubbishtomakenewproducts.Usedglassbottles，forexample，canberemadeintonewglassproducts.Peoplebreakupwastepaperandmixitwithwatertomakenewpaper.Reusingisanothereffectivewaytodealwithrubbish.Thismeansusing"waste"inanotherway.Buyingandsellingsecond﹣handthingsonlineisagoodexample.Wastepreventionisatthetopofthepyramid.Itmeansnotproducingrubbishinthefirstplace.Forexample，saynotothrowawayplasticcupsattheverybeginning.Chooseglassinstead!Youcanuseitoverandoveragain.（1）Wheredoesrubbishgoifpeoplesendittolandfills？DA.Athome.B.Atschools.C.Inopenareas.D.Undertheground.（2）Whatwillpeopledowhentheytrytorecyclerubbish？BA.Coveritwithsoilsafely.B.Turnitintosomethingnew.C.Burnitdownandmakeenergy.D.Breakitupandmixitwithwater.（3）Howdoweachievewasteprevention？AA.Bychoosingreusablethings.B.Bythinkingofwaystoreuseit.C.Bysellingsecond﹣handthingsonline.D.Bycollectingandsendingittolandfills.（4）Howmanywaysarethereforpeopletodealwithwaste？CA.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.（5）Inwhichpartofanewspapercouldyoupossiblyreadthispassage？DA.Health.B.Movies.C.Travelling.D.Environment.【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Alandfillisahugeholethatcanholdrubbish.Insomelandfills，wasteistreated（被处理）tomakeitlessharmfulbeforeitisputunderground.（垃圾填埋场是一个可以容纳垃圾的大洞。在一些垃圾填埋场，垃圾是经过处理的，使其在埋到地下之前危害更小。）可知如果人们把垃圾送到垃圾填埋场，垃圾会被埋到地下，故选D。（2）细节理解题。根据第四段Thismeansusingrubbishtomakenewproducts.Usedglassbottles，forexample，canberemadeintonewglassproducts.Peoplebreakupwastepaperandmixitwithwatertomakenewpaper.（这意味着利用垃圾制造新产品。例如，用过的玻璃瓶可以重新制成新的玻璃制品。人们把废纸拆开，和水混合，制成新纸。）可知当人们试图回收垃圾时，他们会把它变成新的东西，故选B。（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Wastepreventionisatthetopofthepyramid.Itmeansnotproducingrubbishinthefirstplace.Forexample，saynotothrowawayplasticcupsattheverybeginning.Chooseglassinstead!Youcanuseitoverandoveragain.（防止浪费是金字塔的顶端。这意味着从一开始就不制造垃圾。例如，从一开始就对一次性塑料杯说不。选择玻璃吧!你可以一次又一次地使用它。）可推知我们可以选择可重复使用的东西来减少浪费，故选A。（4）细节理解题。根据第二段Alandfillisahugeholethatcanholdrubbish.（垃圾填埋场是一个可以容纳垃圾的大洞。）以及第三段Anotherwaytodealwithrubbishistoburnit.（另一种处理垃圾的方法是焚烧。）以及第四段Inthemiddleofthepyramidisrecycling.（金字塔的中间是循环利用。）以及第五段Reusingisanothereffectivewaytodealwithrubbish.（再利用是另一种处理垃圾的有效方法。）以及第五段Wastepreventionisatthetopofthepyramid.Itmeansnotproducingrubbishinthefirstplace.（防止浪费是金字塔的顶端。这意味着从一开始就不制造垃圾。）可知人们有五种处理垃圾的方法，故选C。（5）推理判断题。根据第二段Incities，youseldomseerubbishinopenareasbecausepeopleusuallycollectrubbishandsendittolandfills.Alandfillisahugeholethatcanholdrubbish.（在城市里，你很少在空旷的地方看到垃圾，因为人们通常会收集垃圾并把它送到垃圾填埋场。垃圾填埋场是一个可以容纳垃圾的大洞。）结合下文，可知本文主要介绍了处理垃圾的不同方式，可推知你可能在报纸的环境板块看到这篇文章，故选D。3．（7.5分）Howdoyoucommunicatewithyourfamilyandfriends？AlotofpeoplechoosetouseMandarin（普通话）overdialects（方言）indailylivesthesedays.Asaresult，somelocaldialectsareindangerofdisappearing.Tosavethem，theChinesegovernmentstartedtheChineseLanguageResourcesProtectionProjectafewyearsago.Thisprojectlooksathowpeopletalkin1，712places.Theirlanguagesinclude103dialectsthatarealmostgone.IthashelpedChinatobuildthelargestlanguageresourcelibraryintheworld.There'sanonlinelibrarywherepeoplecanlearndialectsfromover5.6millionaudioclips（音频）andover5millionvideos.ScholarZhangHongmingtalkedabouthisworries."Foraboutover10years，intheWudialectareassuchasShanghaiandSuzhou，childrenaged6to15canunderstandbuthardlyspeakthedialect.Meanwhile，youngpeopleabove15yearsoldsometimesspeakit，butnotverywell.Ifthiskeepshappening，thedialectmightdisappear，"hesaid.SohowdidChinamakethisbiglibrary？Abignationalefforthasbeenputintotheprojecttomakeithappen.Overfiveyears，morethan4，500expertsandmorethan6，000dialectspeakersjoinedin.Theprojectisnowenteringintoitssecondpart.Thisincludescreatingtoolslikeappsandmobiledictionariestohelppeoplelearndialects.Languageprotectionmatterstoallofus.Forordinarypeople，postingaudioclipsandvideosofdialectscanalsohelpkeepthemalive.（1）WhywastheChineseLanguageResourcesProtectionProjectstarted？AA.Tokeepdialectsfromdisappearing.B.Toprovidepeoplewithmorechoices.C.ToencouragemorepeopletouseMandarin.D.Tohelppeoplecommunicatewitheachother.（2）Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthelibrary？BA.103populardialects.B.Morethan5millionvideos.C.Offlinelibrariesin1，712places.D.Lessthan5.6millionaudioclips.（3）WhatdoesZhangHongmingthinkofthefutureoftheWudialect？DA.Bright.B.Hopeful.C.Unsure.D.Worrying.（4）Whatdoes"it"refertoinParagraph4？AA.Thelibrary.B.Theproject.C.Theeffort.D.Thetool.（5）Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage？CA.LanguagesinDangerB.MainDialectsinChinaC.ActiontoSaveDialectsD.ToolsforCreatingDialects【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段AlotofpeoplechoosetouseMandarin（普通话）overdialects（方言）indailylivesthesedays.Asaresult，somelocaldialectsareindangerofdisappearing.Tosavethem，theChinesegovernmentstartedtheChineseLanguageResourcesProtectionProjectafewyearsago.（因此，一些地方方言有消失的危险。为了拯救它们，中国政府几年前启动了中国语言资源保护项目。）可知启动中国语言资源保护工程是为了不让方言消失。故选A。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段There'sanonlinelibrarywherepeoplecanlearndialectsfromover5.6millionaudioclips（音频）andover5millionvideos.（这里有一个在线图书馆，人们可以从560多万个音频片段和500多万个视频中学习方言。）可知库中有超过500万个视频。故选B。（3）细节理解题。根据第三段Ifthiskeepshappening，thedialectmightdisappear，"hesaid.（如果这种情况持续下去，方言可能会消失，"他说。）可知张鸿铭认为吴语的未来令人担忧。故选D。（4）代词指代题。根据第四段SohowdidChinamakethisbiglibrary？Abignationalefforthasbeenputintotheprojecttomakeithappen.（那么，中国是如何建造这个大图书馆的呢？为了实现目标，全国已作出巨大努力。）联系前句可猜测出下划线单词it应指代的是：.图书馆。故选A。（5）标题归纳题。通读全文，根据第一段Tosavethem，theChinesegovernmentstartedtheChineseLanguageResourcesProtectionProjectafewyearsago.（为了拯救它们，中国政府几年前启动了中国语言资源保护项目。）可知本文主要讲述了为了拯救这些方言，中国政府几年前启动了中国语言资源保护项目。故最佳标题应为：拯救方言的行动。故选C。4．（7.5分）Ashortvideoofatoybear'sjourneytonearspacebecameahitontheInternet.Thisbearisnoordinarytoy.ItcarriedthechildhooddreamofLiZhenghan，anengineeringstudentinZhejiang.Lihasdreamtofgoingintospacesincehewasachild.Unluckily，hedidn'tpassthemedicalexamination（体检）forpilottraininginhighschool.Buthedidn'tgiveupandgottheideatosendasmalltoyintospaceafterseeingsimilarexperimentsonline.However，hejuststartedcollegeatthattimeandhadnoideahowtodoit.Overtheyears，hekeptlearningandbecameexperiencedinengineeringexperiment.Finally，Lifeltthatthetimewasright.Hesharedhisideawithsomeschoolmates.Theyallfounditcoolanddecidedtosendtheirschoolmascot，atoybearinalabcoat，intospace.ThebigdayfinallyarrivedinthepastOctober.Afterstudyingmanyfactors（因素），theteamdecidedtoflythebearfromLi'shometowninnortheasternChina.Aftercarefulchecks，theytiedthetoytoahelium（氦气）balloonandwatcheditslowlyriseintothesky.Throughacamera，LisawnotonlywhatthingsonEarthlookedlike，butalsotheplanet'sbluehalo（光晕）.Infact，thebear'sjourneywasnotassmoothasitappearedinthevideo.Limetallkindsofproblems，butnothingcoulddestroyhisdream.Lisaystheywillkeepworkingonmanymoreprojects.Oneday，another"bear"willtakeofffromtheirhands.（1）WhydidLidecidetosendatoybeartospace？BA.Togetreadyforpilottraining.B.Torealizehischildhooddream.C.Tofurtherhisstudyinengineering.D.Tomakehimselfwell﹣knownonline.（2）WhodidLisharehisideawith？AA.Hisschoolmates.B.Onlinefriends.C.Hisstudents.D.Videomakers.（3）WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4？BA.Theteamdidalotfortheproject.B.Theteamsuccessfullylaunchedthetoybear.C.Theteamflewtothenearspacewithaballoon.D.TheteamchoseLi'shometowntoflythetoybear.（4）Whatisthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents？Da.Liandhisfriendschoseaplacetoflythebear.b.Lienjoyedthebeautifulscenethroughacamera.c.Lisawvideosaboutsendingsmalltoystothespace.d.Lipostedavideooflaunchingatoyintonearspace.e.Lididn'tpassthemedicalexaminationforpilottraining.A.e﹣c﹣a﹣d﹣bB.d﹣e﹣c﹣a﹣bC.d﹣a﹣c﹣b﹣eD.e﹣c﹣a﹣b﹣d（5）Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean？CA.Theywilldoexperimentsinotherfields.B.Theywilloperateanairplanebythemselves.C.Theywillkeepchallengingthemselvestonewgoals.D.Theywillmakeandpostmorevideosabouttoysonline.【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段ItcarriedthechildhooddreamofLiZhenghan，anengineeringstudentinZhejiang.（它承载着浙江的一名工程学生李正汉的童年梦想。）可知李正汉把玩具熊送入太空是为了实现自己的童年梦想。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Hesharedhisideawithsomeschoolmates.（他和一些校友分享了他的想法。）可知他和校友分享了他的想法。故选A。（3）段落大意题。根据第四段ThebigdayfinallyarrivedinthepastOctober.（去年十月，这一天终于来了。）可知本段主要介绍了他们成功把玩具熊送入太空。故选B。（4）细节理解题。根据第二段Unluckily，hedidn'tpassthemedicalexamination（体检）forpilottraininginhighschool.（不幸的是，他高中时未能通过飞行员培训的体检。）和Buthedidn'tgiveupandgottheideatosendasmalltoyintospaceafterseeingsimila