深圳2020-2024年中考英语真题专题04 阅读理解之说明文（原卷版）

专题04阅读理解之说明文深圳2020-2024年中考英语真题-学生【五年考情回顾】年份体裁主题内容2024年说明文1.本文介绍了中国的一部电视剧《我的阿勒泰》在国内外的热播情况，以及观众和导演对该剧的评价。2.本文作者通过科学家10年对金枪鱼的研究数据，向读者说明由于人们对鱼类需求的增加，造成了海洋生态系统的破坏，呼吁人们保护海洋中的野生动物。2022年说明文本文主要科普了关于世界上“最美丽的河流”的知识。2021年说明文主要介绍了研究发现植物会通过化学物质，声音和真菌彼此交流。2020年说明文文章主要讲述深圳市淘金山绿道自2019年7月开始对外开放,位于深圳水库西侧,全长7.07公里。两岸植物林立,湖光山色,一路风光尽收眼底。在它的13个景点中,有8个被设计成有人工辅助设施。绿道是一个不破坏自然的建筑项目的例子,它也显示了技术在建造智能绿道以增加生活便利方面所起的作用。（2024·广东深圳·中考真题）ArecentTVseriesTotheWonderhasbecomeChina’sbreakoutTVhitoftheyear.Ithasalsowonpraiseatafilmfestivalabroad.TotheWonderisbasedontheaward-winningnovelofLiJuan,MyAltay,andisdirectedbyTengCongcong.Itisverypoeticandfilledwithbeautifulwisdom.TheTVdramafollowsthejourneyofLiWenxiu.SheoncewishedtoleaveAltay,anareainNorthernXinjiang.AfterfailingtorealizeherdreaminthecapitalofXinjiang,Lihastomovebacktoherhometownandtriestofindanewdirectionforherself.Atfirst,Lifindsithardtounderstandherneighbours’traditionalwayofthinking.UndertheinfluenceofhermotherZhangFengxia,Listartstoseetheplaceanditspeopleinanewlight.Later,shecomestounderstandtheirlifestyleandrespectfornature.Fansdescribewatchingthedramaasanexperienceinthewonderland.“It’slikebreathinginfreshairorlyingunderthesun,”saidonefan.“Itisauniquedrama,verydifferentfromtheusualChineseseries.Amust-watchifyouwanttodiscoverthebeautyofthegrasslandandlifethere,”anotherfansaid.“PeopleenjoythewonderfulviewofAltay.Butthekeytothesuccessoftheseriesliesinitsabilitytoconnectwiththeviewersonahumanlevel,”saidTengCongcong.“Inthedrama,everyonecommunicatessincerely.EvenifIdisagreewithyou,Isincerelyrespectyou.Infact,thisisaveryimportantpartofhumannature—thelovefortruth,goodnessandbeauty.”1．TotheWonderisthenameof·________.A．aforeigndrama B．afamousfilm C．aTVseries D．abeautifulpoem2．WhydoesLiWenxiucomebacktoAltay?A．Tolookafterhermother. B．Tofindherselfanewdirection.C．Tohelpthelocalpeople. D．Toenjoyitsbeautifulview.3．Theunderlinedword“unique”hastheclosestmeaningto________.A．serious B．common C．special D．strange4．WhatisthekeytothesuccessofTotheWonderaccordingtoDirectorTeng?A．Itssincererespectfornature. B．Thebeautifulwisdomofthewriter.C．Thelifestyleofthelocalpeople. D．Itssincereconnectionwithviewers.5．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Everyonecommunicatessincerely B．LiferequiresbelievinginmiraclesC．Alovefortruth,goodness,andbeauty D．Sincerelyrespectyou（2024·广东深圳·中考真题）Aftera10-yearprojecttocounttunaandotherlargefishintheworld'soceans,scientistshavemadeaverysurprisingdiscovery:thesefisharealmostgone.Becauseoftoomuchfishing,almost90percentoftheworldwidepopulationoflargefish—theonesweusuallyeat—hasdisappeared.Ifwedon’tact,theseanimalswilltotallydisappear.Thatwillinfluenceeveryanimalintheocean.Thedemandforfishisgrowing.Almostabillionpeoplearoundtheworldgettheirprotein(蛋白质)mostlyfromfish.Doctorspraiseseafoodforbeinglowinfat.Butwhatseemslikeahealthychoiceforhumansiscausingadisastertoouroceans.“Peopleareconsuming(消费)toomuch,”saysLanceMorgan,ascientistattheMarineConservationBiologyInstitute.Adishoftunainrestaurantscostsmorethanjustoneanimal'slife.Whenfishliketunadisappearfromtheecosystem(生态系统),theocean’sfoodchain(链)breaksdown.Animalssuchassharks,whichnormallyeattuna,maydiebecausetheyfindnofood.Thenewsmaybescary,buttakingactionfromnowoncanpreventharmthathasn’thappenedyet.Worldorganizationsareorderingcountriestostopfishingtoomuch.TheMontereyBayAquariumgivesseafoodchoicestoanyonehopingtokeephealthywithoutdestroyingtheenvironment.“Ifyoucareaboutwildlife,firstspendtimeandthinkaboutyourownvaluesandbeliefs,”saysMorgan.“Thendecidewhatyou’regoingtoeat.”6．Howdoesthewriterstartthetext?A．Bygivingafact. B．Byaskingaquestion.C．Bytellingastory. D．Byusingasaying.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demand”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Wish. B．Support. C．Need. D．Price.8．FromParagraph3,weknowthat________.A．ifsharksdieout,tunawilldieoutsoon B．tunawillbemorepopularinrestaurantsC．tunaplaysanimportantroleintheecosystem D．tunadisappearedbecausetheyfoundnofood9．What’sthepurposeofthetext?A．Totellpeopletostoppollutingouroceans. B．Totellpeopletoprotectwildlifeinoceans.C．Totellpeopletoavoideatingtoomuchseafood. D．Totellpeopletoliveabalancedandhealthylife.10．Whatdoesthelastparagraphofthearticleexplain________.A．Weneedtocareaboutwildlife B．WeneedtoeatwildanimalsC．Weneedtoreflectonourownvaluesandbeliefs D．Wedon’twanttoprotectwildanimals（2022·广东深圳·中考真题）ThegiantAmazonrainforestinSouthAmericahasbeenamysteryforcenturies.Itholdsallkindsofnaturalwonders.AmongtheminColombia,ariverstandsoutas“themostbeautifulriver”intheworld.LocallycalledCamioCristales,thisspecialriverliesinanationalpark.Itismadeupofseveralwaterfallsrapids,andplentyofpools.Formostoftheyear,CanioCristaleslookslikeacommonriver:clean,green,androcky.However,duringtheshortperiodbetweenSeptemberandNovember,theriverexplodes（迸发）withlifeandcolor.Itappearsasanymixofcolorsincludingblue,green,yellow,orange,andapurplishred.Soitisalsoknownasthe“RiverofFiveColors”.Althoughatfirstitmayappearasifsomechemicalswereaddedtothewater,thisrainbowriveriscompletelynatural.CafioCristales’colorsaretheresultofarare（稀有）waterplantwhichneedssunlighttogrow.Theplantschangecolordependingonhowmuchsunlighttheyreceive,andtheamountisdecidedbytheheightandspeedofthewater.Therefore,itispossiblefortheplantstobetotallycolorlessifthesunlightistoohardtoget.Theyareadelicateplant.Thismakesthemeasilydamagedinthewater.Actually,theriverfacessomeproblems,includingdrierseasons,wildlifetrouble,wastemanagement,andbudget（预算）cuts.In2007,theparkwasforcedtoclosebecauseitwasover-crowdedwithtourists.Nowtheparkadmitsonly200peopleadayandrequiresthemtomindtheirbehaviour.Today,CanoCristalesstillshinesamongColombia’smostpopularnaturalattractions,drawingthousandsoftouristseveryyear.11．WhenisthebesttimetovisitCafioCristales?A．InJanuary. B．InMarch. C．InJune. D．InOctober.12．WhyisCanoCristalescolourful?A．Aspecialplantlivesinit. B．Peopleaddchemicalstoit.C．Thewaterisbadlypolluted. D．Theweatherischangeablethere.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“delicate”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Special. B．Weak. C．Lively. D．Beautiful.14．Whatoncecausedtheparktobeclosed?A．Toomanyvisitors. B．Thepoorservice. C．Toomuchrubbish. D．Thewildlifeproblem.15．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．HowtoVisitCanoCristalesB．NaturalBeautyinColombiaC．World’sMostBeautifulRiverD．ProtectingtheRiverofFiveColors（2021·广东深圳·中考真题）Canplantstalk?Modernresearchhasfoundsomethingamazing:theydocommunicatewitheachother.Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatplantsusechemicalstocommunicatewitheachother.Thishappenswhenaplantgetsattackedbyinsects.Theplantgivesoutchemicalsfromtheleavesthatarebeingeaten.Thisislikeawarning,oracallforhelp:“I’mbeingattacked!”Whenanotherplantgetsthechemicals,itstartstogiveoutitsown,differentchemicals.Someofthesechemicalsdriveinsectsaway.Othersattractthewasps（黄蜂;蜜蜂）!Thewaspskilltheinsectsthatareeatingtheplants.Scientistshopetolearnmoreaboutthisplantwarningsystem,sothatwecanuseittogrowmorecrops.Moresurprisingly,plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.Peoplecan’thearthesesounds;butplantsaremakingthem.Someplantsmakenoiseswiththeirroots.Comandchiliplantsdothis.Sometreesmakeclickingnoiseswhenthereisnotenoughwater.Mostsurprisinglyofall,plantshaveanamazingsystemofcommunicationthatcanlinknearlyeveryplantinaforest.Scientistscallthissystemthe“woodwideweb”.Thewoodwidewebislinkedundergroundbyfungi（霉菌）.Itlinkstherootsofdifferentplantstoeachother.ItisinsomewayssimilartotheInternetweuse.Usingthewoodwideweb,plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.However,itmayleadtobadeffects.Plantsmayuseittostealfoodfromeachother,orspreadchemicalstoattackotherplants.Perhapsonedayscientistswilllearnhowtocreatea“firewall”tohelppreventtheseattackswithinthewoodwideweb.Scientistsarelearningmoreeverydayaboutthesecretwaysinwhichplantstalktoeachother.Maybeonedaywewillknowenoughaboutplantcommunicationtobeableto“talk”withthemourselves.16．Whatwillplantsdowhentheyareattackedbyinsects?A．Theywillkilltheinsectsbythemselves.B．Theywillcontrolthewaspstokilltheinsects.C．Theywillsendoutsignalstoaskforhelp.D．Theywillproducechemicalsasawarningoracallforhelp.17．Howarethewoodwideweblinkedbyfungi?A．Bymakingnoiseswiththeirroots.B．Byconnectingtherootsofdifferentplantstoeachother.C．Bysharingfoodandinformationwitheachother.D．Byspreadingchemicalstoeachother.18．Whatisthewriter’sintentionofthelastparagraph?A．Togivepeoplehopeforfurtherstudies.B．Topraisescientistsfortheirgreatachievements.C．TocallonpeopletoprotecttheplantsonEarth.D．Toinspirepeopletocommunicatewithplants.19．Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A． B．C． D．20．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheSecretLanguageofPlantsB．TheStudyaboutthePlantWarningSystemC．ThePlantsthatGiveWarningsD．WhyScientistsDoResearchaboutPlants（2020·广东深圳·中考真题）TheTaojinshanGreenway(绿道)inShenzhenhasbeenopentocitizenssinceJuly,2019.SittingatthewestsideofShenzhenReservoir,itisaslongas7.07kilometers.Withplantsalongbothsidesandlakeslyingatdifferentsites,touristscanenjoywonderfulsceneryalltheway.Iftheyaretired,theyarefreetotakearestatthe3stopsthatwerebuiltforbreaks.Additionally,fiveunusedguardposts(岗亭)alongtheoldroutehaveremained.Theyserveassightseeingplatformsforvisitorstofeeltheculturalspiritbehindtheplace.Ofallits13scenicspots,8weredesignedtohaveAIhelpers.Fromthem,visitorscangaininformationonparking,tourguideservicesandmore.Thesmartgreenway,withfreeWi-Fiavailable,alsoprovidesenvironmentaldate,suchastemperature,windspeedandairquality.What'smore,itcangivevisitorswarningsofcomingextreme(极端的)weatherandnaturaldisasters,includingrainstormsandtyphoonsthatmayhitShenzhen."Startedinthemiddleof2015,thebuildingprocessoftheTaojinshanGreenwayhastakengoodcareofthewildlifeandenvironmentnearby"saidYangShiming,anofficialinchargeoftheproject.Thegreenwayisanexampleofconstructionprojectswithoutdoingharmtothenature.Italsoshowstherolethattechnologyplaysinbuildingasmartgreenwayformorelifeconvenience."21．HowlongdidittaketofinishtheTaojinshanGreenway?A．About3years B．About4years. C．About5years D．About6years.22．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"inParagraph2referto?A．Views. B．Visitors. C．Stops. D．Guardposts.23．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A．WhatAIhelpersdo. B．Technologychangeslife.C．HowAIhelperswork. D．Technologyprotectshumans.24．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．ItisinterestingtouseAIhelpers.B．Itisimportanttobuildgreenways.C．Itispossibletobalancenatureandconstruction.D．Itisunnecessarytoworryaboutterribleweather.（2024·广东深圳·三模）Peopleoftenbelievetheworldofwildanimalsisfullofcompetition,andevenusephraseslikethelawofthejungle(从林法则)torefertothecruellersideofhumansociety.ButtoChenJianxing,a45-year-oldpopularauthor;itisanotherstory.Hehasbeenstudyinganimalsformanyyearsandfindsanimalshaveunselfishbehaviourandsimilaremotions,creativity,thinkingmethodsandcommunicationabilitiestopeople.Recently,ChenhaspublishedabookWeAreinAfrica,whichtellshisexperienceswithwildanimalsinAfricaandhisthoughtsaboutthem.ThebookintroducesdozensofwildanimalslivingindifferentecosystemsinAfrica,fromgrasslandandrainforest,towetlandandisland.Thebookhasgained9.4pointsoutof10onChina’spopularreviewsiteDouban.Justashisbooksinformreaders,he,himself,haslearnedfromhiswildanimalfriends.Forexample,heexplainsinthisbookhisexperiencewithcheetahs(猎豹).Hesaysalthoughthecheetahsareoneofthefastestanimalsonland,thebigcats’fastrunningabilityleadstoaweakerbiteforce.Asaresult,theyareactuallyoneofthe“weaker”animalsonthegrasslandcomparedwithothers,andtheirprey(猎物)isoftentakenawaybylionsandotherstrongeranimals.“Althoughit’srelativelyweak,itbehaveswithnosignofshynessorcomplaint,butalwaysseemsconfident,movingaroundinanunhurriedwayonthegrassland,livingitsbestlife.Thatissoattractivetome,andremindsmetolearnfromsuchanattitude(态度),”saysChen.25．Howdoesthewriterintroducethetopic?A．Bytellingastory. B．Byusingcomparison.C．Byaskingquestions. D．Bygivingsomefacts.26．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Chen’sexperiences. B．Chen’sthoughts. C．Chen’snewbook. D．Chen’spopularity.27．Whyarecheetahsmentionedinthispassage?A．ToshowwhatChencanlearnfromthem. B．Toprovethelawofthejungle.C．Toattractreaderstoreadthebook. D．Toexplainwhyitistheweakeranimals.28．WhatisTRUEaboutcheetahs?A．Theyhavestrongbiteforce. B．Theyrunsfastestonland.C．Theyarealwaysinahurry. D．Theyhavepositiveattitude.29．Whatkindoftextisthis?A．Abookintroduction.B．Ashortstory. C．Abookreview. D．Anewsreport.（2024·广东深圳·三模）Whenwetouchsomethingwithourfingers,wecanfeelhowwarmorcolditis.However,mostwearersofprosthetichands(假肢)can’tfeelit.Tochangethat,agroupofscientistsinSwitzerlandhavedevelopedthe“MiniTouch”.TheMiniTouchcanbeeasilypairedwithaprosthetichand.Thewearerofthehandcanthenuseit.Firstly,itcollectsthermal(热量)informationfromtheindexfingerofthehand.Theinformationisthensenttothenerves(神经)thatwereonceconnectedtothemissinghand.Thiscanhelpthewearertosensetemperatureindailylife.FabriziowasthefirsttotryouttheMiniTouch.TheItalianmanis57yearsold.Helosthisrighthand37yearsago.Foronetest,theteampreparedthreesimilarbottles.Theywerefilledwithcold(12℃),cool(24℃)orhotwater(40℃).WiththehelpoftheMiniTouch,Fabriziocouldquicklytellthedifferenceanddidn’tmakeanymistakes.Withoutit,heonlygot33%right.Inanothertest,hesortedsteelblocksaccordingtotheirtemperatures.TheMiniTouchhelpedhimtoget75%right.Thescientists’nextstepistoimprovetheirdevice.Theywantittobeabletosensetouchaswell.Thisway,itwilltelltheuser“thisissoftandhot”or“thisishardandcold”.AnothergoalistomaketheMiniTouchabletocollectthermalinformationfromfourotherfingers.“It’sallaboutgivingtheweareraricher,morenaturalsenseoftheworld,”saidMicera,oneofthescientists.30．WhydoscientistsdeveloptheMiniTouch?A．Totouchsomething. B．Tofeelthetemperature.C．Tohelpthedisabled. D．Tochangeprosthetichands.31．HowdoestheMiniTouchworkaccordingtoParagraph2?①Thewearersensesthetemperature.

②TheMiniTouchcollectsinformation.③ThedisabledpersonwearstheMiniTouch.

④Theindexfingersendsinformation.A．②③④① B．②①③④ C．③①②④ D．③②④①32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinParagraph3?A．Hisrighthand. B．TheMiniTouch.C．Coldwater. D．Thetemperature33．WhatdoweknowaboutFabrizio?A．FabriziocomesfromSwitzerland. B．Helosthishandsattheageof20.C．HehadtwotestsabouttheMiniTouch. D．Hecouldsortsteelblocksbyhimself.34．WhatisthegoalofthefutureMiniTouch?A．Tohelpthewearerstohavemoremoney. B．Tousefivefingerstocollectinformation.C．Totellthesenseofsightbyusingit. D．Tooffertheusersthetruersenseoftheworld.（2024·广东深圳·三模）Bomin2000,HaoHaolosthislanguageabilitiessuddenlywhenhewas22monthsold.Autism(自闭症)wasunder-recognizedinGuizhouatthattime,andZhao,hismother,hadtoaskforhelpinotherpartsofthecountry.In2002,HaoHaowasdiagnosed(诊断)withautism.Togainabetterunderstandingofautismandlearnaboutrehabilitationforautisticchildren,ZhaovisitedrehabilitationhospitalsandschoolsincitiessuchasBeijingandGuangzhou.AnexpertadvisedhertofoundacentreinGuizhouwherechildrenwithautismcouldlearnlocally,andwheretheirparentscouldhelponeanother.Soin2003,ZhaofoundedtheLovingHomeforChildrenSpecialEducationandRehabilitationCentre.ItisthefirstrehabilitationandtrainingcentreinGuizhoutoservechildrenwithautismandotherdevelopmentaldisorders.In2016,thecentrebeganprovidingservicestoadultswithautism.In2022,thecentremovedtoanewfour-storeybuilding,withthelocalgovernment’ssupportandmanypeopledonatingthingslikeofficesupplies,computers,tablesandchairs.Now,about300peoplewithautismarereceivingservicesatthecentreeveryday.Overtheyears,thecentrehascarriedouteducationpracticeswithover20kindergartens,primaryschoolsandhighschoolsinGuiyang.Overtheyears,the64-year-oldfounderandteacherhasprovidedsupporttomorethan7,000childrenwithautism.Shehasseenthedevelopmentoftheautisticcommunity,frombeingunder-recognizedtobeingincreasinglyunderstoodandaccepted,andshehasseenhowthecommunityisgainingmoresupportfrombroadersociety.35．WhenwasZhaoborn?A．In2000. B．In2002. C．In1960. D．In1970.36．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rehabilitation”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Rising. B．Recovery. C．Progress. D．Advancing37．WhatisthemainpurposeofParagraph2?A．TotellhowHaoHaosufferedfromautism. B．Tointroducethereasontofoundthecentre.C．ToshareZhao’sspecialexperience. D．Toreviewthebeginningofthecentre.38．Whatdoweknowaboutthecentre?A．Zhaofoundedthecentreandteachesthere. B．Thecentreonlyservestheautisticchildren.C．Thecentreprovidesservicejustforchildren. D．Thecentrehastosupportitselfalways.39．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Aboyfightingagainstautism. B．Thedevelopmentofautism.C．Thelatestwaytocureautism D．Acentretohelpautismsufferers.（2024·广东深圳·三模）①Itcanbereallyawkwardifsomeoneseesyoutalkingtoyourself.Butdon’tfeelbadaboutit!Talkingtoyourselfactuallyhasalotofbenefits.②Youprobablyknowthatthinkingisgoodforthebrain.Ithelpsusdothingslikemakingplansandmanagingourfeelings