完形填空之说明文-2023年中考英语考点专项突破（原卷版）

专项36完形填空之说明文

备战2023年中考英语精选考点专项突破

考点详解

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一、命题特点分析：

i.开头点题。说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节

的前提。

2.结构清晰。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻

辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。

3.难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为

复杂。

4.说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事

物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。

5.说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。

二、解题方法：

1.快速弄清文章大意。

对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往

生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。

2.弄清楚说明的顺序。

把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。

3.把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。

把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻

辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支

持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节

的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。

4.注重上下文语境

应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服"思维定势"，根据全文大意和

词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。

5.熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则:

(1)上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。

(2)语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。

(3)逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的

是不合语境逻辑的。

(4)符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。

真题再现

A

（2022•黑龙江•中考真题）

Peoplehavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherhomeworkisgoodorbadforschoolchildren,andtheyhave

different1•

Somepeoplethinkthathomeworkisanimportantpartof2forstudents.Theybelieveitnotonly

enableschildrentopracticewhattheyhavelearned3class,butalsohelps4theirhandwriting.

Theyalsosaythathomeworkisabletoteachchildren5toworkontheirown.Also,ifsaskillwhichis

6totheminfuturelife.

Othersdisagree,though.Theythinkhomeworkputs7stressonchildren.Andthetimespenton

homeworkcouldhavebeenusedtodo8activitieslikereadingandplayingsports,Tobackup（支持）

theiropinion,theygivethe9ofFinland（芬兰）.

InFinland,studentshavelittlehomework.Butthecountryremainsoneofthemosteducationally

10countriesintheworld.

Inmyopinion,whetherthehomeworkisgoodorbad11thepurposeofit.Ifthereisnoclearreasonfor

givinghomework,thestudentswillnotget12fromdoingit,soitshouldnotbeset.13,1still

believethathomeworkcan14helpwithchildren'slearning,ifteachersclearlytellthemwhythey

15dothehomeworkandletthemknowhowtheywilldotheirhomework.Studentswillgetmorefrom

homework.

1.A.adviceB.opinionsC.idea

2.A.learnB.tolearnC.learning

3.A.inB.forC.after

4.A.changeB.increaseC.improve

5.A.whatB.howC.which

6.A.usefulB.hardC.difficult

7.A.muchtooB.toomuchC.toomany

8.A.anotherB.othersC.other

9.A.nameB.exampleC.number

10.A.successfulB.successC.succeed

11.A.worksoutB.worksonC.dependson

12.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothing

13.A.HoweverB.ButC.Or

14.A.hardlyB•suddenlyC.really

15.A.shouldB.couldC.may

B

（2022•黑龙江齐齐哈尔・中考真题）

Haveyouarguedwithafriendordoneanythingyouregretted?16ifshardtoputthingsright,

especiallywhenyourfeelingsarehurt.Knowing17toapologize（道歉）canhelpyoubeefriendsagain

andunderstandwhyyouargue,18you'llseparatefromeachotherforever.

Whydoyouargue?

Youargueforallkindsofreasons.Yourfriend^ideais19yoursaboutsomethingoryoursister

alwaysdrivesyoucrazy.Whenyouare20,youmaysayordosomethingtohurtothers.Arguingwith

othersisquitenormalbutit'simportantto21itandlearnfromit.

Whatdoesanapologymean?

Everybodymakesmistakesinhislife.Apologizingisagood22ofadmitting（承认）yourmistakes.

Infact,ifsverydifficulttosaysorrytoothers.Mostofthepeoplethinksayingsorrymeansregrettingwhatthey've

23done.Butaslongasyoudecidetocorrectyourmistakes,youshould24.It'sbelievedthata

goodapologyneedstoshowthatyou'retrulysorry,youwanttoberesponsibleforwhatyoudoandgetforgiveness

（原谅）.

Whatif（万一）it'snotyourmistake?

Sometimesthemistakeshave25todowithyou,butanotherpersonmayforceyoutosaysorry.Be

suretotrytalkingaboutwhyyouargueatfirst.If26ofyoustillcanagreewitheachother,whatshould

youdo?Keep27andaskaparentorateacherforhelp.

Doesapologizingalwayswork?

AsfarasIknow,anapologyitself28一beenough,sotrytoasksomeoneelsehowhefeltwhileyouwere

arguing.Explainyoursidetoo,andmake29clearthatyou'lltrytoavoidmakingthesamemistakeagain.

Anapologyisn'tamagicstick.Itmay30peopletimetounderstandandforgive.

16.A.PerhapsB.RecentlyC.Instead

17.A.whatB.whereC.how

18.A.andB.orC.so

19.A.differentfromB.similartoC.aswellas

20.A.happyB.boredC.angry

21.A.solveB.refuseC.plain

22.A.hobbyB.wayC.reason

23.A.neverB.nearlyC.ever

24.A.goawayB.tryyourbestC.talkback

25.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothing

26.A.allB.neitherC.either

27.A.coolB.relaxedC.crazy

28.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.needn't

29.A.thatB.thisC.it

30.A.spendB.takeC.cost

事筵模拟检测

C

（2022•河北•模拟预测）

CustomersintheUSspendlessmoneyonBlackFridaythanprevious（以前的）years.

BlackFridayisthedayafterThanksgivingintheUS.Thanksgivingisalwaysthefourth3]in

November.

BlackFridayistraditionallythedaywhentheChristmasshoppingperiodbegins.Itisusuallyoneofthe

32daysoftheyearforsellers.

Manysellers33theirpricestoencourageshopperstospendtheirmoney.Somecustomersarriveat

storesbeforetheyopen,andwaitinlineforachancetobuy34things.

Lastyear,Americans35atotalof$57,4billionoverthefourdays（fromThursdaytoSunday）.

However,thisyear,expertsthinkthattheamountwill36toaround$50,9billion.

BlackFridaystartedintheUS,buthasbeemorepopularinother37recently.

ManycustomersfromtheUKhavestartedspendingmoremoneyonBlackFriday,eventhoughBritishpeople

don'tcelebrateThanksgiving.

OnlinesellerAmazonUKsaidthatFridaywasitsbusiestdayever.Accordingtothe38,customers

bought5.5millionproductsonFriday,whichwasaround64thingspersecond.

ManystoresintheUKalsoofferedcheap39,suchasTVs,coffeemachinesandotherelectronic

products.

Insomestoresshoppers40toleavethestore,eventhoughalloftheproductshadalreadybeen

soldout.

31.A.MondayB.TuesdayC.WednesdayD.Thursday

32.A.busiestB.coldestC.quietestD.longest

33.A.raiseB.riseC.reduceD.change

34.A.heavyB.bigC.cheapD.special

35.A.madeB.spentC.tookD.paid

36.A.increaseB.addC.dropD.get

37.A.citiesB.mountainsC.townsD.countries

38.A.websiteB.studyC.storyD.diary

39.A.vegetablesB.productsC.fruitsD.snacks

40.A.hopedB.decidedC.refusedD.tried

D

（2022•安徽淮南•二模）

Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitable（好客的）.Manyevenfeelthattheywilllosefaceiftheir

41eatupallthefoodonthetable.Asweallknow,foodwastebeesa42probleminChina.

Luckily,thissituationcanbe43withthehelpofarule.

Accordingtotherule,foodproviderswhoencourageorforcepeopleto44toomuchfoodmayface

fines（罚款）ofupto10,000yuan.Andtheyshouldremindpeopletoorderthe45amountoffood.

Besides,peopleareencouragedtofinishallthefoodonthediningtable.Nowmanypeopleshowtheirsupport

fortherulebysharingphotosandvideosofempty46online.AndmanyChinesepeoplehave

47thehabitoftakingleftovers（吃剩的食物）home.