完形填空说明文（练习）（学生版）-2025年高考英语一轮复习（新教材新高考）

第13讲完形填空（说明文）

目录

01模拟基础练

【题型一】社会现象与社会问题类说明文的考查

【题型二】科普知识与科学技术类说明文的考查

【题型三】人与动植物类说明文的考查

02重难创新练

03真题实战练

//模拟基础练卜

题型一社会现象与社会问题类说明文的考查

1.（2024•广东广州•三模）Whafsthepointofstudying?It'ssomethingyoumightaskyourselfifyou're

1tofinishanassignment,2ifyourfriendsseemtobeouthavingfirn,orare3andearning

lotsofmoney.

Manyofuschoosetogotouniversityasafirststeptowardsagood4,butsometimesgraduatesare

educatedbeyondwhatisnecessaryforajob.Evenso,accordingtoaresearchconductedbyanorganization,a

5will,inthelongrun,earnyoumore.Whafsmore,thereare6inyourearningpotential.Aresearcher

saysthatgraduatesofthe24RussellGroupuniversitiesearnabout40%morethanthosewhostudiedatother

universitiesafterfiveyears.

7,itfoundifsnotjustthelocationbutotherfactorsthatcan8whatyoucanearn.For

example,graduatesinsubjectssuchaslawandmedicine9todowell.Andastheyprogress,thepaygap

betweenthesecareersandothers,suchasthecreativearts,10.Also,astudent's11

backgroundcanhaveaneffect,withthosefromhouseholdshighlyvaluingeducationmuchmorelikelytogoto

university,andmostlyHkelya12one.

Butifyoustilldon'tfeeluniversitydeliversthebestworkopportunities,thereare13wordsfrom

AlistairJarvis,headofUniversitiesUK,whosaysthatgraduatesarehalfaslikelytobe14as

non-graduates.Somaybeallthatstudyingis15一afterall“nopains,nogains^^!

1.A.planningB.strugglingC・tryingD.hoping

2.A.actuallyB•usuallyC.especiallyD.generally

3.A.workingB.studyingC.wanderingD.living

4.A.educationB.lifeC.marriageD.career

5.A.degreeB.majorC.skillD.patent

6.A.changesB.difficultiesC.improvementsD.differences

7.A.ThenB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Instead

8.A.involveinB.contributetoC.consistofD.resultfrom

9.A.happenB.tendC.longD.manage

10.A.existsB•disappearsC.widensD.varies

11.A.religiousB.historicalC.educationalD.social

12.A.bigB.goodC.popularD.public

13.A.encouragingB.amazingC.sincereD.scientific

14.A.disrespectedB,distrustedC.unemployedD.unpaid

15.A.reliableB.favorableC.interestingD.rewarding

2.（2024•陕西安康•三模）Shortburstsofexercisecanmakeyoufitinthelongterm.Toprovethis,Gillen's

teamrandomlyassignedparticipantstothree16.Onerodeanexercisebikeatamoderate（中等的）level

of17for45minutes,threetimesperweek.Asecondgroupdidthreetimes18the10-minute

high-intensityworkouts.Athirdgroup19acontrolanddidnothing.

After12weeks,bothexercisegroupshad20theirinsulin（胰岛素）resistanceandalsoincreased

their21（asmeasuredbytheircapacitytouseoxygenduringexercise）byabout19percent.Thegains

were22betweenthegroups,eventhoughthegroupdoing23workoutswithhighintensity

intervalshadspentonlyabout22percentasmuch24asthegroupdoingtraditionallongerworkouts.

Butpeopleinthesecondgroupdofindthese25intervalexerciseprogramsenjoyableenoughto

26.

Turningtoshorterworkoutsisnotjustawayto27time.Itcanalsohelpyoucontinuetomake

fitness28evenwhenlifegetsinthe29.

“Let'ssayyouhaveexamscominguporyourjobis30andyouonlyhaveacoupleofhours

perweektoexercise,9,Androulakis-Korakakissays,"31feelinglikeyourstrengthandmusclewill

32,turningtoaminimum-amount33canstillhelpyoucontinue34yourbody.^^

“It'shardto35thatyoudon'thave10or15minutesthatyoucanfind.Thafsjustnotchecking

youremailonemoretimeorgettingoffsocialmedia,“deLannoysays.

16.A.classesB.areasC.groupsD.steps

17.A.achievementB.abilityC.speedD.strength

18.A.weeklyB.monthlyC.dailyD.yearly

19.A.relatedtoB.servedasC.appliedforD.dealtwith

20.A.preventedB.declinedC.improvedD.contained

21.A.judgmentB.curiosityC.pleasureD.fitness

22.A.variousB.similarC.contraryD.delicate

23.A.shortB.familiarC.extremeD.gentle

24.A.campingB.countingC・calculatingD.exercising

25.A.hardB.specialC.fairD.free

26.A.advocateB.compareC.spreadD.continue

27.A.exchangeB.killC.saveD.steal

28.A.discoveriesB.requirementsC.choicesD.gains

29.A.directionB.wayC.senseD.distance

30.A.demandingB.rewardingC.comfortingD.striking

31.A.DuetoB.InsteadofC.ApartfromD.Asfor

32.A.disappearB.surviveC.sufferD.form

33.A.responseB.approachC・limitationD.grade

34.A.buildingB.checkingC.recoveringD.observing

35.A.predictB.informC.confirmD.argue

3.（2024•云南昆明,模拟预测）Generally,mostpeoplefeeldelightedwhenbirthdaycomes,especially

children.Theycountthedaysandcan,twaittosend36totheirfriends,inhopeofgettingtogetherand

enjoyingabirthdaycake.37,noteveryoneisexcitedaboutbirthday.Therearemanypeopleoutthere

whonever38tocelebrateit.Theyfindthedayas39asanyotherday.Nothingintheir

routinechangesinthenameof40.

Thismaybecommoninthosewhoareintheir50'sorolder.Forsomepeopleinthisage,lifebecomesa

41thatisgoingonandonandata42pace.Theyfeellikelosingcontroloftheirtimeandevery

passingyear43thefearofdyingsoon.Thisisnotgoodasitstimulatesnegativity.Butsomepeopledo

soandtheycan't44it.Theirbirthdayisnothingmorethan45newsforthem.

Somepeopledonotliketocometothenoticeofothersduetoanypossiblereasononthisearth.Theyjust

don'twanttobethe46ofothers.Youmayfeelsurprisedaboutthisnaturebuttheyliketoremainaspart

ofthecrowd.Birthdaysare47tothisfeelingastheybringsudden48topeople.

Thereisalsoanotherpartofthepopulationthatthinksitisa49ofmoney.Theirlogicis,why

losethehard-earned50forthepleasureofthreetofourhours?

36.A.blessingsB.greetingsC.invitationD.gratitude

37.A.AnywayB•BesidesC.ThereforeD.Nevertheless

38.A.longB.refuseC.rememberD.manage

39.A.normalB.activeC.excitingD.busy

40.A.leisureB.celebrationC.sympathyD.admiration

41.A.realityB.dreamC.storyD.journey

42.A.consistentB•slowerC.fasterD.steadier

43.A.cutsupB•buildsupC.takesupD.breaksup

44.A.helpB.getC.makeD.put

45.A.wonderfulB.awfulC.unexpectedD.rare

46.A.prideB.exampleC.focusD.burden

47.A.familiarB.fundamentalC.similarD.contrary

48.A.shelterB,attentionC.signD.appearance

49.A.budgetB.collectionC.wasteD.lack

50.A.reputationB.restC.timeD.salary

题型二科普知识与科学技术类说明文的考查

4.（23-24高三•浙江嘉兴•模拟预测）ThePoseidonEffect

LateoneautumndayatthelocalswimmingpoolinAncenis,France,an18-year-oldnamedJeanLeRoy

cameforhisregulareveningswiminthe25-metrepool.

Whenpeoplearedrowning,theydon'tusuallyshoutand51inthewayithappenson

television.Mostpeopledrownquite52,withthepersonquicklysinkingbeneaththewater.Onthe

evening,LeRoywastestinghowfarhecouldswimunderwater53onebreath.Atsomemoment,ashe

wasdoingthis,hebecameunconscious.54hetriedhecouldn'tbreathe.Hesanktothebottomofthe

pool.LeRoywasdrowning.

Luckilyforhim,theswimmingpoolwas55withanelectronicsurveillancesystemcalled

Poseidon.Althoughthehumanlifeguardshadnotnoticed,12largemachineeyesdeepunderwaterwerewatching

thewholething.Poseidonhasunderwatercameraswhich56peopleastheyswim.Thecamerasare

connectedtoacomputer.Itis57torecognize58aswimmerisnotmovingnormally.

ThelifeguardsattheAncenispoolwerewearingaspecialdevicethat59whenthecomputerdetected

apossibleproblem.SixteensecondsafterPoseidonnoticedLeRoy'sbody,thelifeguardshadpulledhimoutofthe

pool.Hestartedbreathingagain.Afteronenightinhospital,hewassenthomecompletely60.

Poseidonhadsavedhislife.

MachineslikePoseidoncompletelychangehowwelive.Thinkofyourlifebeforetheansweringmachine

wasinvented.Thinkofyourgrandparents9livesbeforethetelevisionandtheairplanewereintroduced.Thechange

willbejustasgreat.Itis61happening.

Soon,machineswillrecognizeourfacesandourfingerprints.Theywill62fordrowning

people,for63carryingbombs,forspeedingdriversandheartpatients.Imaginedevicesthatmonitora

baby'sbreathingandtrackchildrenastheygotoandfromschool.Imaginemachines64quietsignals

tonearbycomputers,whichwillsendinformationtoyourdoctor,yourlawyer,andthelocalpolice.Astimepasses,

moreandmoreofourliveswillbe___65___bymachines.Theywillknowallaboutus.

51.A.splashB.cryC.yellD.scream

52.A.soonB.quietlyC.silentlyD.simply

53.A.inB.withinC.overD.on

54.A.NomatterhowB.HoweverC.WhoeverD.Whatever

55.A.establishedB.installedC.setD.equipped

56.A.showB.filmC.propagateD.outline

57.A.postulatedB.madeC.programmedD.relayed

58.A.whetherB.whenC.whileD.if

59.A.alarmedB.beepedC.warnedD.alerted

60.A.healthyB.normalC.safeD.well

61.A.alwaysB.merelyC.readilyD.already

62.A.watchoutB.takecareC.lookbackD.goover

63.A.terroristsB.invalidsC.senatorsD.tyrants

64.A.willsendB.tosendC.sendD.sending

65.A.recordedB.checkedC.monitoredD.supervised

5.（23-24高三•山东德州,阶段练习）Hollandisfamousforbeingbikefriendly.Recently,theworld'sfirst

plasticbikepathhasbeen66intheDutchcityofZwolle,a100-footbikepathmadeofrecycledplastic.

Thecompanythatcreatedthepath,PlasticRoad,saystheir67ofmakingroadsisbetterinmany

waysthanasphalt（沥青）roads.PlasticRoadcreatesitsroads68inafactory.Allthepiecesarethesame.

Sincetheplasticpiecesarelight,theyareeasyto69Tomaketheroad,aspecialtruck70drives

alongandlaysdownthepieces,almostlike71bricksinasidewalk.Thismakesitmuch72tomake

thananasphaltroad.

PlasticRoadthinkstheirroadwill73threetimesaslongasanasphaltroad.Ifpartofitbreaks,itis

easytotakeoutthebrokensection,and74it.Thebrokensectioncanthenberecycled75andturned

intoaroadagain.

Theplasticroadsarehollow（中空的）below,allowingrainwatertoflowaway,insteadof76thestreet.

Thehollowareaalsomakesiteasyto77pipesundertheroad.

Manypeoplethinkthisisa78waytorecycleplastic,butsomeareworried.Oneofthebiggest79

iswhatwillhappentothebitsofplasticthatbreakoffasthepathisused.Thecompanyisplanninganothertest,

hopingtofind80

66.A.destroyedB.decoratedC.widenedD.created

67.A.secretB.wayC.goalD.refusal

68.A.halvesB.pairsc.groupsD.pieces

69.A.breakB.keepC-moveD.shape

70.A.clumsilyB.simplyC.naturallyD.difficultly

71.A.puttingB.findingC.pickingD.making

72.A.earlierB.harderC.fasterD.cheaper

73.A.saveB.takeC.lastD.count

74.A.replaceB.sellC.recycleD.examine

75.A.inprivateB.attimesC.ontimeD.oncemore

76.A.crossingB.blockingC.floodingD.deserting

77.A.controlB.runC.belowD.prepare

78.A.ridiculousB.conventionalC.commonD.creative

79.A.concernsB.challengesC.burdensD.disasters

80.A.usersB.solutionsC.similaritiesD.volunteers

6.（23-24高三・湖南,阶段练习）Herewewillintroduceyoutoanewkindofcar—thefirstfullyelectric

vehiclethatcanbothflyand8jonroads.Our"ModelA”,isthefirstflyingvehiclethatis82

onpublicroadsandableto83likeanormalcar.Italsohasverticaltake-offandlandingcapabilities.It

84willbeabletocarryoneortwooccupantsinitslimitedspaceavailable.Weexpecttosellthevehiclefor

300,000eachwiththefirst85projectedbytheendof2025.TheFAAconfirmedthatithas86

ourcompanyaspecialairworthinesscertificate（适航证）,allowingforlimited87thatinclude

exhibition,researchanddevelopment.

Numerouscompaniesareworkingonall-electricVTOLs,which88verticaltake-offandlanding

aircraft.However,ourvehicleis89becauseofitsabilityto90bothonroadsandintheair.

Ourflyingcarwillbecertifiedasa（n）"91speedvehicle”,whichmeansitwon'tbeabletogo

fasterthanabout25milesperhouronapavedroad.The92isthat,ifadriverneedsafasterroute,

he/shewilluseourflightcapabilities.Regardless,italsostillneeds93fromtheNationalHighway

TrafficSafeAdministrationtogoonroads.An94automatedtestflightofaskeleton（框架）version

ofthecarwassuccessfullyconductedin2018,andafull-sizeprototype（原型车）was95the

followingyear.ButwestillneededtheFAA'sspecialairworthinesscertificatetocontinueconductingthenecessary

researchanddevelopment.

81.A.floatB.landC.travelD.rely

82.A.drivableB.adjustableC.avoidableD.approachable

83.A.changeB.updateC.shiftD.park

84.A.similarlyB.apparentlyC.luckilyD.permanently

85.A.deliveryB.movementC.investigationD.resistance

86.A.awardedB.deniedC.issuedD.spared

87.A.reformsB.purposesC.improvementsD.researches.

88.A.consistofB.addtoC.resultinD.standfor

89.A.commonB.efficientC.differentD.abstract

90.A.functionB.fightC.circleD.experiment

91.A.terrificB.lowC.averageD.ideal

92.A.proofB.backgroundC.conflictD.assumption

93.A.interviewB.cooperationC.donationD.approval

94.A.annualB.initialC.aimlessD.environmental

95.A.flownB.boughtC.recycledD.submitted

题型三人与动植物类说明文的考查

7.(2024・贵州•一模)Ayearago,HialeahGardensHighSchoolstudentWendyChaimetSnowball,the

AmericanEskimodog.Chai,whois16yearsold,was96withanxietyanddepressionwhenshewas13,

butthankstoan97startedatherhighschoolinHialeahGardens,Florida,shehasreliedonSnowballto

helpher98theday.

Theprogram,S.A.F.E.(SupportAnimalsforEveryone),was99bystudentsatherschoolin2022.

It100certainstudentstobringsupportanimalstoschoolandalsomakessupportanimals101to

studentsandstaffduringschoolhours.ThestudentspresentedtheirprojecttotheAspenChallengeinMiami.The

initiativewonthethirdplace.

S.A.F.EPresidentNaomiGallardo,17,explainedthat102toanimalshelpsstudentsrelaxafter

exams."Webringdifferenttypesofanimals-dogs,cats,rabbits,snakes-accordingtoour103and

fancies,9,Naomisaid.t4Wehostannualoccasions104ataddressingmentalhealth.^^

Formany,talkingaboutmentalhealthis105duetothenegativestereotypesandsocial106

surroundingtheissue.Thepresenceofatrainedanimalasemotionalsupport107helpstobreakdownthat

psychological108

Byprovidingstudentswithvarioussupportanimalsand109dialogue,S.A.F.E.continuestocreate

asaferandmore110environmentforall.

96.A.diagnosedB.annoyedC.walkedD.helped

97.A.experimentB.opportunityC・initiativeD.experience

98.A.goacrossB.passbyC.getalongD.getthrough

99.A.informedB.launchedC.discoveredD.transformed

100.A.forbidsB.allowsC.facilitatesD.discourages

101.A.availableB.convenientC.reliableD.responsible

102.A.limitationB•oppositionC.exposureD.similarity

103.A.factsB.itemsC.conditionsD.preferences

104.A.staredB.glaredC.aimedD.arrived

105.A.simpleB.toughC.roughD.delicate

106.A.prideB.patienceC.generosityD.prejudice

107.A.seldomB.usuallyC.regularlyD.rarely

108.A.barrierB.accessC.connectionD.bridge

109.A.recordingB.interestingC.encouragingD.controlling

110.A.supportiveB.criticalC.cooperativeD.independent

8.（23-24高三•河南•阶段练习）Owningchickensmaybenothingspecialforyou,butinthelifeofachicken,

wecatchaglimpse（一瞥）ofanimportanttruth.

Yousee,whenahenlaysheregg,shelaborstomakesurethe111arejustrighttopromotelifefor

thatlittlechick.Shemustlayitina112spot.Shealsomustapplyheattotheeggforitto113.

Inthelifeofthisbabychickthough,therecomesapointthatisnecessarybutthatisoften114.As

theeggbeginstocrackandslowlybreak115,whatyouwillnotseeisthemotherhen116the

chicktogettheshelloff.Nomatterhowhardthechick117,pushesandstrains（拉紧）itself,themother

henwillnotdothe118forit.

Atthispoint,someonecanseethe119ofthischickandthinkthemotherdoesnot120her

young.Thispersoncanthenseektohelpthechickand⑵thepiecesoftheshell.However,ifsucha

thingreallyhappens,oftenthisperson122doesnotsavethechick'slifebutrather123its

death.

This124stageisessentialforthechick.Itwillproducewithinthechickthe125that

willallowittoliveandthrive（茁壮成长）.

111.A.actionsB.experiencesC.conditionsD.chances

112.A.safeB,remoteC.shadyD.new

113.A.hatchB.liveC.moveD.continue

114.A.evaluatedB.checkedC.madeD.overlooked

115.A.upB.openC.freeD.away

116.A.urgingB.preferringC.assistingD.encouraging

117.A.rollsB.knocksC.jumpsD.shakes

118.A.workB.harmC.exerciseD.same

119.A.depressionB.confusionC.growthD.struggle

120.A.takeinB.careaboutC.playwithD.bringup

121.A.collectB.removeC.throwD.spread

122.A.carelesslyB.impatientlyC.unknowinglyD.purposely

123.A.slowsB.causesC.facesD.prevents

124.A.beginningB.developingC.restingD.falling

125.A.nutritionB.healthC.luckD.strength

9.（23-24高三♦上海,期中）InMumbai,there9stheceaselessclamorofcarhomesasdriversedgethrough

traffic.There'spoundingandbuzzingfromtheconstructionofofficetowersandapartmentblocks.Drumbeatsand

trumpetmelodiesspilloutfromweddingsandcountlessfestivals.Andifsalltoppedoffbybellowing（大声吼叫

的）streetvendorsandgarbagetrucksblastingBollywoodsongs.LivinginMumbairequiresahuge126

fornoise.

WhenSumairaAbdulalibegancampaigningagainstnoisepollutioninIndia9sfinancialcapitaltwodecades

ago,friends,acquaintancesandevenherlawyersinsisteditwas127.“Peopletoldmeit'sfoolishtoeven

try,becauseIndianslovenoise,“shesays."We'reanoisycountry.^^

Butin2003,Abdulaliwonalawsuitseekingto128environmentalrulesthathadallowedloud

musiclateintothenightduringafestival.129,thevictoryledtoabanonloudspeakerswithin100meters

ofschools,hospitals,courtsandplacesofworship.Andshehassincewonmorethanadozenotheractionsbothon

herownandviatheAwaazFoundation（awaazmeans“noise“inHindi）,whichshelaunchedin2006.

TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatnoiseisatopthreattohuman130,affectingnotonly

hearingbutalsosleep,braindevelopmentandcardiovascularhealth.AbdulaliclaimsMumbaiistheworld's

131city.AstudyledbyRiteshVijay,anexpertfromIndia'sNationalEnvironmentalEngineeringResearch

Institute,didfindthatnoiselevelsinMumbaiandsurroundingareasin2020dramaticallyexceedlegallimits.

Inrecentyears,thebattleagainstnoisehasbecomeincreasingly132,withAbdulalioftenfacing

powerfulinterestswhoconsideritaninevitablebyproductofgrowth.Withincreasing133,evermore

peopleareexposedtocontinuousnoise.InarapidlyexpandingcitysuchasMumbai,withapopulationtopping12

million,demandforhousingputsnoiserules134developmentplans.Althoughsoundbarriersarerequired

forconstructionprojects,they9reexpensive,sodevelopers135installingthem.

Trafficisatougherproblem.Noiseontheroadcanreach110decibels（分贝）-alevelthatcanleadto

permanenthearingdamageafterjust15minutesofexposure,accordingtotheUSCentersforDiseaseControland

Prevention.Luckily,136canhelpinthefight,Vijaysays.Hesuggestsdevicesthatmeasurehornuse,

whichwouldletofficialsoffer137driversrewardslikedeductions（扣除）oncarinsurance.Dynamic

signaling,wheresensorslinkedtostoplightsdetecttrafficdensity,wouldimprovevehicleflowand138the

urgetoresorttohorns,hesays.Localgovernmentalso139.Mumbaidecreed（颁布）India9sfirst

“No-Honking“dayin2008,withpolicehandingoutbookletstoraiseawarenessabouttrafficnoiseandimposing

finesupto1,000rupees（$12）onoffendingmotorists.

Farmoreimportantisthelonger-termimpactoftheday-to-daynoise,sothat'swhereVijaybelievesactivists

shouldfocustheirenergy.caInIndiawecelebratefestivalswithlotsofnoise,“hesays."Butour140noise

itselfisbeyondtheallowedlimit.”

126.A.talentB.potentialC.demandD.tolerance

127.A.encouragingB.reasonableC.ridiculousD.depressing

128.A.takeadvantageofB.putanendtoC.layemphasisonD.throwlighton

129.A.ThereforeB.SimilarlyC.SubsequentlyD.However

130.A.well-beingB.intelligenceC.interactionD.behavior

131.A.largestB.busiestC.loudestD.richest

132.A.difficultB.successfulC.diverseD.easy

133.A.availabilityB・capitalizationC.urbanizationD.convenience

134.A.inpacewithB.incontactwithC.inleaguewithD.inconflictwith

135.A.recommendB.justifyC・resistD.advocate

136.A.governmentB.technologyC.financeD.psychology

137.A.quietB.braveC.safeD.alert

138.A.triggerB・satisfyC.reduceD.maintain

139.A.stepsinB.takesoverC.cutsinD.takesoff

140.A.trafficB.constructionC.ceremonyD.background

题型阅读理解

A

(23-24高三•上海,阶段练习)ANeurologistsTipstoProtectYourMemory

Asweage,ourmemorydeclines.Thisisafixed1formanyofus;however,accordingto

neuroscientistDr.RichardRestak,aneurologistandclinicalprofessor,declineisnot2.

Ultimately,t6wearewhatwecanremember,hesaid.HerearesomeofDr.Restak'stipsfordevelopingand

3ahealthymemory.Paymorea