2023年高考英语二轮复习教案：阅读理解之细节理解（新高考专用）

【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义

阅读理解

解密03细节理解的复习要点

【构建知识体系】

考点1事实细节题

细节理解题考点2细节转换与是非判断题

考点3数字计算题

【英语学科素养解读】

命题素养解读

题型解读

要求

要求考生阅读4篇短主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意

文，从每题所给的4个选和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细

考查

项中选出最佳选项。题材节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解

主旨大意、

广泛，包括科普、社会、全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑

细节理解、

文化、政治、经济等多方方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要

推理判断、

面内容。体裁多样，以记高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。

词义猜测、

叙文、议论文、说明文为

篇章结构

主。

等。

【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向

2023年命题解读和近年考点再现

细节理解考点1事实细节

1.A【2022•新高考I卷】

GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature

GradingScale

90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.

Essays(60%)

Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay

1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.

GroupAssignments(30%)

Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作业)duringthecourse.Allthe

assignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningand

coursemanagementsystem.

DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)

Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshort

in-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'

lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimeto

timeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedat

home,bothofwhichwillbegraded.

LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperiodit

islate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignments

notcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsence

willbeaccepted.

2.Howmanypartsisastudent'sfinalgrademadeupof?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

【答案】2.B

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。

2.B细节理解题。根据黑体小标题"Essays(60%)“、"GroupAssignments(30%)“和"Daily

Work/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupsWork/Homework(10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3

部分组成。故选B。

2.A【2022年新高考全国H卷】

Children'sDiscoveryMuseum

GeneralInformationaboutGroupPlay

Pricing

GroupPlay$7/person

Scholarships

Weofferscholarshipstolow-incomeschoolsandyouthorganizations,subjecttoavailability.

Participationinapost-visitsurveyisrequired.

ScholarshipsareforGroupPlayadmissionfeesand/ortransportation.Transportationinvoices

(发票)mustbereceivedwithin60daysofyourvisittoguaranteethescholarship.

GroupSize

Werequireonechaperone(监护人)pertenchildren.Failuretoprovideenoughchaperones

willresultinanextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.

GroupPlayisforgroupsof10ormorewithalimitof35people.Forgroupsof35ormore,

pleasecalltodiscussoptions.

Hours

TheMuseumisopendailyfrom9:30amto4:30pm.

GroupPlaymaybescheduledduringanydayortimetheMuseumisopen.

RegistrationPolicy

Registrationmustbemadeatleasttwoweeksinadvance.

RegisteronlineorfilloutaGroupPlayRegistrationFormwithmultipledateandstarttime

options.

Oncetheregistrationformisreceivedandprocessed,wewillsendaconfirmationemail

withintwobusinessdays.

Guidelines

•Teachersandchaperonesshouldmodelgoodbehaviorforthegroupandremainwith

studentsatalltimes.

•ChildrenarenotallowedunaccompaniedinallareasoftheMuseum.

•Childrenshouldplaynicelywitheachotherandexhibits.

•UseyourindoorvoicewhenattheMuseum.

1.Whatdoesagroupneedtodoiftheyareofferedascholarship?

A.Prepaytheadmissionfees.B.UsetheMuseum^transportation.

C.Takeasurveyafterthevisit.D.Scheduletheirvisitonweekdays.

2.Howmanychaperonesareneededforagroupof30childrentovisittheMuseum?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

3.WhatarechildrenprohibitedfromdoingattheMuseum?

A.Usingthecomputer.B.Talkingwitheachother.

C.Touchingtheexhibits.D.Exploringtheplacealone.

【答案】1.C2.C3.D

【解析】本文是一篇应用文，文章提供了关于儿童博物馆团体游的相关信息。

1.细节理解题。根据Scholarship标题下“Weofferscholarshipstolow-incomeschoolsandyouth

organizations,subjecttoavailability.Participationinapost-visitsurveyisrequired.（我彳门会视'情

况而定，为低收入学校和青年组织提供奖学金，并需要其参与访问后调查问卷）”可知，如果

一个团体获得了奖学金，需要在参加一个访后的调查问卷，与选项C“Takeasurveyafterthe

visit.（接受参观后的问卷调查）”属于同义替换，故选Co

2.细节理解题。根据“GroupSize"标题下"Werequireonechaperone（监护人）perten

children.（我们要求每十个孩子有一个监护人）”可知，10个孩子需要1个监护人，那么30个

孩子则需要3个监护人。故选C。

3.细节理解题。根据"Guidelines"标题下"Childrenarenotallowedunaccompaniedinallareasof

theMuseum.（无人陪伴的儿童不得进入博物馆的所有区域）”可知，儿童必须在监护人陪伴下

才能进入博物馆，即儿童不能单独进入博物馆进行探索。与选项D“Exploringtheplace

alone.（独自探索博物馆）”属于同义替换，故选D。

3.A【2021・全国新高考I卷】

Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel（旅社）.

ThehostelsinRomeofferabedinadormroomforaround$25anight,andforthat,you'lloften

gettostayinacentrallocation（位置）withsecurityandcomfort.

YellowHostel

IfIhadtomakejustonerecommendationforwheretostayinRome,itwouldbeYellow

Hostel.Ifsoneofthebest-ratedhostelsinthecity,andforgoodreason.It'saffordable,andifs

gotafunatmospherewithoutbeingtoonoisy.Asanaddedbonus,it'sclosetothemaintrain

station.

HostelAlessandroPalace

Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceis

fun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguestslikefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.

There5salsoanareaontherooftopforhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.

YouthStationHostel

Ifyou'relookingforcleanlinessandamodemhostel,looknofurtherthanYouthStation.It

offersbeautifulfurnishingsandbeds.Thereareplentyofotherbenefits,too;itdoesn'tchargecity

tax;ithasbothairconditioningandaheaterfortherooms;italsohasfreeWi-Fiineveryroom.

HotelandHostelDesArtistes

HotelandHostelDesArtistesislocatedjusta10-minutewalkfromthecentralcitystation

andit'sclosetoallofthecity'smainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,providingyou

withamapofthecitywhenyouarrive,andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.However,you

needtopay2eurosadayforWi-Fi.

21.Whatisprobablythemajorconcernoftravelerswhochoosetostayinahostel?

A.Comfort.B.Security.

C.Price.D.Location.

22.Whichhotelbestsuitspeoplewhoenjoyanactivesociallife?

A.YellowHostel.B.HostelAlessandroPalace.

C.YouthStationHostel.D.HotelandHostelDesArtistes.

23.WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes?

A.Itgetsnoisyatnight.B.Itsstaffistootalkative.

C.ItchargesforWi-Fi.D.It'sinconvenientlylocated.

【答案】21.C22.B23.C

【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了罗马的几个价格低廉，安全舒适的旅馆。

21.细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymanychoose

tostayinahostel（旅社）.”（对旅行者来说，罗马可能很昂贵，这就是许多人选择住旅社的

原因）可知选择住旅社的旅行者可能最关心的是价格。故选C»

22.细节理解题。根据HostelAlessandroPalace部分“Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebest

hostelforyouinRome."（如果你喜欢社交旅馆，这是罗马最适合你的旅馆）可知如果你喜欢

社交旅馆，HostelAlessandroPalace是罗马最适合你的旅馆。故选B。

23.细节理解题o根据HotelandHostelDesArtistes部分“However,youneedtopay2eurosa

dayforWi-Fi.??（但是，你需要支付每天2欧元的Wi-Fi）可知HotelandHostelDesArtistes

的缺点是Wi-Fi收费。故选C。

4.A[2021年新高考全国n卷】

ThingstoDoinYorkshireThisSummer

HarrogateMusicFestival

Sinceitsbirth,HarrogateMusicFestivalhasgonefromstrengthtostrength.Thisyear,we

arecelebratingour50thanniversary.Webeginon1stJunewithManchesterCamerataandNicola

Benedetti,presentinganamazingprogrammeofMozartpieces.

Dates:1June-31July

Tickets:£12-£96

Jodie*sFitnessSummerClasses

Asthesummermonthsrollin,ourGeorgiancountryestatemakestheperfectsettingforan

outdoorfitnesssession.Comeandworkoutwithourqualifiedpersonaltrainer,JodieMcGregor,

onthegroundsoftheMiddletonLodgeestate.

Wewillbeholdingafreetastersessionon23rdMay,at10am,todemonstratethevarietyof

effectiveandactiveexercises.Thereareeightspacesavailableforthetastersession.Advance

bookingsarerequired（info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris）

Dates:23May-11July

Tickets:£7.50persession

FeltPictureMaking

Workingfromaninspirationalpicture,thisworkshopatHelmsleyArtsCentrewillteachyou

thetechniquesyouwillneedtorecreateyourpictureinwool.

Wewillalsodiscusstheoriginsoffelt,whatenableswoolfibrestobecomefeltandhowthe

processesweusework.

Dates:12June-12July

Tickets:£40includingmaterials

FigureItOut!-PlayingwithMath

AnewexhibitioninHalifaxuseseverydayactivitiestoexplainthehiddenmathprinciples

wealluseonaregularbasis.Packabag,cutacake,guesswhichjuicecontainerholdsthemost

liquid,andmuchmore.Discoverhowarchitects,productdesignersandscientistsusesimilarskills

intheirwork.

Dates:7May-10June

Tickets:Free

1.WhatshouldyoudoifyouwanttoattendthetastersessionofJodie*sfitnessclasses?

A.Joinafitnessclub.B.Payaregistrationfee.

C.Makeabooking.D.Hireapersonaltrainer.

2.HowmuchistheticketforFeltPictureMaking?

A.£7.50.B.£12.C.£40.D.£96.

3.Whichofthefollowingstartsearliest?

A.HarrogateMusicFestival.B.Jodie'sFitnessSummerClasses.

C.FeltPictureMaking.D.FigureItOut!-PlayingwithMath.

【答案】1.C2.C3.D

【解析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了今年夏天约克郡的四个活动的情况。

1.细节理解题。根据Jodie'sFitnessSummerClasses部分中“Advancebookingsare

required(info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris)(需要提前预订(info@middletonlodge.co.uk.paris))”

可知，如果你想参加Jodie的健身课程，你应该预约。故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据FeltPictureMaking部分中“Tickets:£40includingmaterials(门票：40英

镑(含材料)户可知，FeltPictureMaking的票需要40英镑。故选C。

3.细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，HarrogateMusicFestival从6月1日至!j7月31日；Jodie*s

FitnessSummerClasses从5月23日至lj7月11日；FeltPictureMaking从6月12日到7月12

日；FigureItOut!-PlayingwithMath从5月7日到6月10日。故FigureItOut!-PlayingwithMath

最早开始。故选D。

5.【2020・全国新高考I山东卷】A

POETRYCHALLENGE

Writeapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyouface

challengesinyourlife.

Prizes

3GrandPrizes：TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneother

personofthewinner'schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,and

toursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.

6FirstPrizes：ThebookSkyPioneer：APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthor

CorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.

50HonorableMentions：Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowill

eachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart*sfinalflight.

Rules

Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.

■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.

■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthe

paper.

■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirth

date.

■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.188

1.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?()

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six.

2.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?()

A.Aplaneticket.B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.

C.AspecialT-shirt.D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.

3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?()

A.Typingyourpoemout.B.Writingapoemof120words.

C.Usingbothsidesofthepaper.D.MailingyourentryonOctober30.

【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、

奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。

1.细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的"TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthree

winners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinnerschoice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家

长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。

2.细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段“50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50

honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart*sfinalflight”可

知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。

3.细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的"Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.

■Writeapoemusing100wordsorffewer”可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字。否则，将会被

取消资格。故结合选项，B选项(写一首120字的诗)是会被取消资格的。故选B。

6.A【2020•海南卷】

PaliOvernightAdventuresofferschildrenandteensexcitingexperiencesthissummer.From

broadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.

BroadcastingCamp

Becomethenextstarreporter,newswriter,directororproducer.Whilerunningeveryaspect

ofourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeach

nightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.Everynightitgoesontheweb,keepingparentsandtheworld

informedofthehappeningsatPali.

SecretAgentCamp

InthemovieMissionImpossible,TomCruisemadebeingasecretagentseemlikethecoolest

jobever.Camperswhosignupforthe2-weeksecretagentcampcangettoknowaboutthelifeof

realsecretagentsbylearningstrategiesandmilitaryskillsonthepaintballfield.

CulinaryCamp

Ifyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelytherightfit.

Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycan

takehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.

StreetArtCamp

Thiscamptakescreativelicensetoanentirelynewlevel.Camperswillsharetheircolorful

ideasandimaginationwitheachotherandworktogethertovisualize,sketchandpaintwith

non-traditionaltechniquestocreatethecoolestmural(壁画)whichwillbedisplayedinpublicfor

alltosee.232

21.HowmanycampsdoesPaliOvernightAdventuresofferthissummer?()

A.2.B.4.C.17.D.21.

22.WhatwillcampersdoattheBroadcastingCamp?()

A.Createawebsite.B.Runanewsstation.

C.Meetastarreporter.D.Holdadinnerparty.

23.Whichcampwillattractchildrenwhoareinterestedincooking?()

A.BroadcastingCamp.B.SecretAgentCamp.

C.CulinaryCampD.StreetArtCamp.

【答案】21.C22.B23.C

【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营的情况。

21.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highly

uniquecampsbeingoffered.”可知从广播到街头艺术，这只是17个非常独特的营地中的4个。

由此可知，今年夏天巴利岛有17个露营地。故选C。

22.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsand

theirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentire

camp.”可知在经营好我们自己的新闻电台的方方面面的同时，孩子们和他们的营员们将在每

天晚上的晚餐时，为整个夏令营创作并主持播出一个广播。由此可知，营员在广播营会经营

一家新闻电台。故选B。

23.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Ifyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinary

campisdefinitelytherightfit.Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,as

wellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.”可矢口如果你的孩子喜

欢呆在厨房里，那么烹饪夏令营绝对是最合适的选择。露营者学习烘焙、油炸和切菜的技术

技能，以及一些他们可以带回家和家人分享的食谱。由此可知，CulinaryCamp会吸引对烹

饪感兴趣的孩子。故选C。

细节理解考点2细节转换与是非判断题

1.B【2022・新高考I卷】

Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wasto

makeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Then

friendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,the

arugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;Icouldhavemadesix

saladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,ccfoodwastegoesagainstthe

moralgrain,asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.Ifsjaw-droppinghowmuch

perfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway-from"ugly”（butquiteeatable）vegetablesrejectedby

grocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.

Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,t6iffoodwastewerea

country,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.9,

Ifthafshardtounderstand,lefskeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmy

refrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime-butforhim,it'smorelike12bones

ofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitchenin

Washington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecovered

morethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有瑕疵的）

producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,

cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartin

reducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingor

byaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat,“Curtinsays.

5.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?

A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.

C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.

6.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?

A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.

C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.

7.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.

【答案】5.B6.D7.A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中

央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。

5.B细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的"Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,

andother,resourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,

Roytewrites,uiffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhouse

gasesintheworld.”（生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得

食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世

界上第三大温室气体排放国。”）”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的

危害。故选B。

6.D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitchenin

Washington.D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecovered

morethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有瑕疵的）

produce,thatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,

cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.（科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席

执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的

农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者

们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用）”可知，科廷的公司用人们不

想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。

7.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的""Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherby

notpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonot

includethesidedishyouwon'teat,"Curtinsays.（"每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无

论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，“科廷说）”

可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。

2.D【2022・新高考I卷】

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"to

therareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommon

thanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteled

tonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalled

labiodentals,suchasand"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,

hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned

（对齐）,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptothe

upperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（结构）,makingiteasiertoproduce

suchsounds.

Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagriculture

intheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodo

asmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesound

ofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f'andincreasingremarkably

duringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmany

hunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhen

humanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnot

necessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyof

speechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiological

changeandculturalevolution,44saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

12.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

13.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

【答案】12.D13.C

【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发

现了新的语音。

12.D细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockett

notedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f'and"v"，weremorecommoninthe

languagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiatthe

UniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.（30多年前，学者

CharlesHockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如咛'和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更

常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的DamianBlasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方

式和原因。）”可知DamianBlasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D。

13.C细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的"Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethof

ancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedby

touchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,making

iteasiertoproducesuchsounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产

生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颗变成了覆盖咬合结构，

更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颗结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选

Co

3.【2022年新高考全国H卷】B

Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Many

youngpeopledon'tevenrealizeifsnew.Forthem,it?sjustnormal.

Thishithomefoim。asIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpring

Festivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures

一aperfectmatchforhisage.

Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecanseethe

pictures.AsIread,hereachesoutandpokes（戳）thepagewithhisfinger.

Whafsupwiththat?Hejustlikesthepictures,Ithought.ThenIturnedthepageand

continued.Hepokedthepageevenharder.Inearlydroppedthebook.Iwasconfused:Isthere

somethingwrongwiththiskid?

ThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfather

frequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthat

comealivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.

Sorry,kid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhigh-techworld.Ifsanoutdated,lifelessthing.An

antique,likeyourgrandfather.Well,Imaybeold,butI'mnothopelesslychallenged,digitally

speaking.Ieditvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.Tveevenbuiltwebsites.

There?sonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperience,however:Tvespentlittletimeinfront

ofacamera,sinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.Butthatdidn'tstopChinaDailyfromaskingme

lastweektoshareapersonalstoryforavideoprojectabouttheintegrationofBeijing,Tianjinand

Hebeiprovince.

Anyway,grandpaisnowaninternetstar-twominutesoffame!Ipromisenottoletitgoto

myhead.ButIwillmakesuremy2-year-oldgrandsonseesitonhistablet.

5.Whydidthekidpokethestorybook?

A.Hetookitforatabletcomputer.B.Hedislikedthecolorfulpictures.

C.Hewasangrywithhisgrandpa.D.Hewantedtoreaditbyhimself.

6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhimself?

A.Sociallyambitious.B.Physicallyattractive.

C.Financiallyindependent.D.