完形填空之说明文（练习）-2024年中考英语一轮复习（全国原卷版）

第03讲完型填空之说明文

（模拟精练+真题演练）

Passage1

（2023.广东深圳.模拟预测）

Itisalwaysimportanttohavegoodrelationshipswithyourneighbors.You'llneverknowwhenyoumay

1.Iftheydosomethingthatmakeyou2,itisbettertodiscussitinapolitewaythantohavea

quarrel（争吵）.

Forexample,ifyourneighborsareplayingloudmusicthatyoudonotlike,askthem3toturndown

themusicinsteadofcallingthepolicedirectlyforhelp.

Treesandfencescan4beareasonthatcausesdisagreementbetweenneighbors.Mygrandmother

likes5outsideinthesunafterlunch,butherneighborhasputupahigh6thatstopssunshine

fromgoingintoheryardintheearlyafternoon.Mygrandmotherdoesnotwanttobe7withhim,because

hegaveheralotof8whenmygrandfatherdiedlastyear.Soshe9andtalkedwiththeneighbor

inafriendlyway.

Then,herneighborloweredthefencejustenoughtogivehersome10withoutlosinghisprivacy（私

人空间）.Mygrandmothercutdownthetreethatwasabovehisgardenanddroppedleavesalloverhislawn（草坪）

intheautumn.Finally,theyreachedanagreementwhichmadebothpleased.

1.A.needtheirhelpB.quarrelwiththemC.callthepolice

2.A.curiousB.nervousC.unpleasant

3.A.loudlyB.angrilyC.politely

4.A.neverB.alsoC.exactly

5.A.discussingB.eatingC.sitting

6.A.treeB.fenceC.building

7.A.angryB.strictC.serious

8.A.helpB.foodC.gift

9.A.apologizedB.smiledC.complained

10.A.musicB.flowersC.sunshine

Passage2

（2023•江西南昌・南昌市八一中学校考模拟预测）

Ifshardtoturndownatastybanana.Theytastegoodandyoudon'thavetowashthembeforeeatingthem.

11Britishscientistssaythatthefruitmaydisappearby2050.

Onereasonforthisisclimate（气候）12.ScientistsattheUniversityofExetercollecteddata（数据）

from27countriesthat1386percentoftheworld'sbananas.Theyfoundthatclimatechangehasimproved

growing14in21ofthesecountries.Inthepast6years,theaverageyield（平均产量）151.37

tonsofbananasperhectare（公顷）.

However,iftemperatureskeeprising,thisadvantagewilldisappear.Tenofthecountries,16India,

theworld'sbiggestproducerofbananas,willproducefewerbananas.By2050,thefruitmay17.

Shouldn'tbananasgrowmoreeasilyififs18outside?Infact,the19temperaturerange（范

围）forgrowingbananasisbetween24℃and32℃.Theywillstop20ifthetemperaturesgettoohigh.

Diseasesare21dangertobananas.Unlikeotherplants,thebananaswegrowcomefromshoot

cuttings（茎段）ratherthanseeds（种子）.Thismeansthatallbananaplantshavethesamegenotype（基因型）.Inother

words,ifadiseaseisabletokilloneplant,it22killthemall.

Onediseasethathurtsbananas23iscalledPanama.Causedbyfungus（真菌）inthesoil,itspreads

easily.IthasspreadacrossSouthAsia,Africa,theMiddleEastandAustralia.Ifonebananaplantation24

fromthedisease,itwilltake30years25itisabletogrowbananasagain.Scientistshaven'tfoundacure

forthisdiseaseyet.

11.A.AsaresultB.ForexampleC.ThereforeD.However

12.A.changeB.choiceC.comerD.course

13.A.pronounceB.punishC.produceD.process

14.A.conversationsB.degreesC.conditionsD.directions

15.A.hasreachedB.willreachC.reachesD.reached

16.A.exceptB.besideC.includingD.without

17.A.dieoutB.giveoutC.pickoutD.hangout

18.A.hotB.hotterC.hottestD.hotly

19.A.perfectB.patientC.plasticD.private

20.A.appearingB.growingC.changingD.spreading

21.A.otherB.theotherC.anyotherD.another

22.A.mustB.needC.couldD.should

23.A.carefullyB.seriouslyC.quietlyD.comfortably

24.A.suffersB.hearsC.preventsD.choose

25.A.acrossB.untilC.throughD.after

（2023・陕西西安・西安市铁一中学校考模拟预测）

amoose

Wintercanbeahardtimeforanimals.Theweathermaybewetandcold,especiallyfoodcanbe26

tofindunderthesnow.Butnaturehasgivenanimalsdifferentwaystolive.Lefslookathowanimalsmakeit

throughthisseason.Animalssurviveduringwinterinfourmainways.

Someanimalsgetfatin27.Theyeatandeat,thentheirbodiescanstorethefoodasfat.Themoose

issuchananimal.Theirbodies28thestoredfatforenergy.Thefatkeepsthemwarm,too.Moosewill

alsogrowheavycoatsofhairasthedaysbecomecolder.This29hairwillwarmthemlikeourwinter

coatsandhatswarmus.

Otheranimalsstorefreshfoodforthecolddaysahead.Theseanimalsusuallyliveinburrows（地¥同）.They

stayinside30sleepmuchofthewinter.Theydon'treallyhibernate（冬眠）.Onwarmerwinterdays,they

31andeatsomestoredfood.Theymaylieinthesuntotakeinthewarmth.

Hibematorsareanimalsthat32allwinterlong.Theydon'teatatall.Beforewinter,theseanimals

eatandeattogetfat.Whenwintercomes,theybegintogotosleep.Theirheartsbeatvery33andtheir

temperaturedrops.Inthisway,theydon'tusemuchofthefatstoredintheirbodies.Snakes,bearsbothhibernate.

Someanimalswill34coldplaces.Theymovesouthwheretheweatheriswarmerandfoodiseasier

tofind.Thisiscalledmigrating（迁徙）.Thewildgeeseisoneofthem.Usually,inthefall,theygatherinlarge

35andmakingthejourneytosouth.Theywillreturnwhenthetemperaturerisesinspring.

26.A.ableB.hardC.specialD.strange

27.A.springB.summerC.fallD.winter

28.A.useB.makeC.changeD.mistake

29.A.prettyB.smoothC.specialD.thick

30.A.soB.butC.orD.and

31.A.standupB.putupC.wakeupD.growup

32.A.eatB.sleepC.relaxD.play

33.A.slowlyB.suddenlyC.quietlyD.quickly

34.A.findB.missC.leaveD.return

35.A.linesB.groupsC.circlesD.classes

Passage4

（2021•广东广州•铁一中学校考三模）

TraditionalChinesemedicine（TCM）isanimportantpartofChineseculture.TCMhasalonghistory.The

36medicalclassicinChina,HuangdisClassiconMedicine,cameoutmorethan2,000yearsago.Thebookis

abouttherelationshipbetweenmanand37.InChineseculture,yinandyangarethetwopartsofnature.

Naturekeepsbalancedifyinandyangwork38together.Thehumanbodyneedssucha39too.

TCMhelpstodothat.

Quitespecially,forsomehealthproblems,adoctorofTCMdoesnotgiveyou40.Instead,hemay

giveyoujustagoodplanandrightwaystoeat.Forexample,itiscommonto41onthewaytoschool,at

ourworkdesk,orinfrontoftheTV.42,TCMthinksifswrong.Herearethecorrectways:Sitdowntoeat.

Whileeating,43theTVandkeepawayfromtheworkdesk.Eatseasonalfoods.Donotmissanyofthe

threemeals.Also,getyourbody44often.Justasthesayinggoes,runningwaterisneverstale.Sodo

exercisemoreoften.

Nowadays,traditionalChinesemedicineisbecomingmoreandmore45aroundtheworld.A

governmentreportsayspeoplein183countriesandareasarenowusingTCM.

36.A.easiestB.earliestC.newestD.biggest

37.A.objectsB.plantsC.animalsD.nature

38.A.hardB.wellC.quietlyD,confidently

39.A.cultureB.bookC.balanceD.promise

40.A.timeB.adviceC.medicineD.difficulty

41.A.eatB.drinkC.playD.smile

42.A.ButB.HoweverC.WhileD.Although

43.A.cleanupB.showoffC.lookupD.turnoff

44.A.stayingB.relaxingC.movingD.sitting

45.A.expensiveB.safeC.modernD.popular

Passage5

（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨・哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考模拟预测）

Whatsateamspirit?Teamspiritmeansthewillingofpeopletoworktogetherandhelpeachotheraspartofa

team.Withthisspirit,peopletryhard46theirteamthebestofall.Itisquiteoftenthatoneisnotableto

carryoutajobbyhimself.Heneedsmorepeopleto47ittogether.Chinahasanoldsaying,t6Unity（团结）

isstrength”,whichmeanstheimportanceofteamwork.Thus,understandingtherealmeaningoftheteamspiritis

importantforeveryone.48thereisnoteamspirit,agroupofpeoplewillnotbeawholeunit（团体）.

Therearetwokindsofteamspirit.Onekindistheconnectionbetweenateamofpeoplebecausetheirefforts

andcooperation（合作）arenecessary.49ispeople'sloveandpridefortheircountry,whenawholenation

cheerforitscountryincompetitions.

Teamspiritcreatesvariousgoodinfluence.Itcreatesfriendshipandtrustbetweenpeoplewhomaynot50

witheachother.Theremayalsobebadinfluence.Toogreatteamspiritmaycause51orfightswithother

teammembers.

Somepeopledon'tunderstandteamspiritproperly.Theythinkteamspiritmeanhavingtobecomeamember

ofanorganization,teamorfanclub.52,teamspiritcanbebuiltanywhere-betweenfriends,coworkers（同

事）orevenbetweentwopeoplesittingnexttoeachother.Youdon'thavetobewearingtheteamspiritclothes.

Anyonecanshowteamspiritjustbyshowingsupportforthegoal.Itmeans,weshouldtrainour53to

cooperatewithothers.Asamatteroffact,theabilityisbasedonourheart.Therefore,wemustlearntoworkwellin

theteamandlettheteamspiritguideustosuccess.54canwecooperatewithothersverywell?The

following55tipsarethemosthelpfulones.First,behonestwithothers.Second,behumble（谦虚）enough.

Finally,don'tbeselfish（自私）.Allinall,teamspiritisanimportantabilityandskillnowadays.Lefsworkhardto

developitforabrighterfuture.

根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

46.A.tomakeB.makingC.made

47.A.complainB.completeC.compare

48.A.IfB.WhileC.Unless

49.A.TheotherB.AnotherC.Others

50.A.getintoB.getalongC.getmad

51.A.developmentsB.agreementsC.arguments

52.A.InthatcaseB.InfactC.Inshort

53.A.mindB.abilityC.action

54.A.HowB.WhatC.Why

55.A.twoB.fourC.three

Passage6

（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨•校考二模）

Successinlifeoftencomesfromyoureffort,andonlyself-discipline（自律）allowsyoutodothat.Hereare

threepowerful56tobuildit.

Ifsuptoyou.

Nomatterwhatyourgoalsare,agreatlawistheonlyone57youneedtofollowtobesuccessful:No

oneelseisgoingtoclimbtheladder（阶梯）ofsuccessforyou.Fromthedayyoustarttomakeyourownchoices,

youareresponsible58yourlife.Onlyyoucanchoosehowyouspendyourtime,andthedecisionsyou

reachmakeorbreakyourlife.Sotaketheresponsibility.Thinklifethroughinthelongterm.

AbrahamLincolnsaid,“Thebestwaytopredictyourfutureistocreateit."Ifyouwonderwhereyouwillbe

10yearsfromnow,lookatyour59life.Whatactionsareyou60?Howmanynewthingsareyou

learning?Areyouputtingintheeffortnecessarytoachieveyourgoalstoday?Peopleoftenthinkthattheirliveswill

61changeovernightthroughsomemagicalevents,butthatisnottrue.Yourlifewillonlychange62you

changeit.

Discouragementsarepartofsuccess.

Inlife,nothingworth63comeseasily.Youhavetoworkhardtoachieveyourgoals.Itiscertainlytrue

thattherewillbemanydiscouragements,andanytimeyou64finallysucceeding,therewillbesomemore

adversity（逆境）testing.Onlyafterpassingonemoretestwillyoubeabletosucceed.Sowheneveryoufacea

challenge,keepgoing!Nomatter65ittakesorhowharditgets,alwaysrememberthewords,"It'snot

overuntilIwin!^^

Ifyoucouldbuildunbreakableself-discipline,youwillsucceedinanythingyousetyourmindto.Maybenot

immediately（立即）,butsurely.

56.A.adviceB.methodsC.messages

57.A.whichB.thatC.who

58.A.forB.withC.to

59.A.pastB.presentC.ancient

60.A.takingB.makingC.doing

61.A.graduallyB.suddenlyC.honestly

62.A.unlessB.untilC.if

63.A.tohaveB.tobehadC.having

64.A.getclosetoB.tryyourbesttoC.can9twaitto

65.A.howfarB.howoftenC.howlong

Passage7

（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨•模拟预测）

PekingOperaisoneoftheformsofChinesetraditionalculture.InPekingOpera,eachcharacterhastheirown

facepaintedina66way.Theaudience（观众）canknowwhothegoodguyisandwhothebadguyisby

67thefacepainting.

Wheredidthiskindoffacepaintingcomefrom?AnoldstorytellsusthatitwasconnectedwithPrince

Lanling.Thisprincewasoneofthefourmost68meninancientChina.Somesoldiers（士兵）intheprince's

army69thathewasweakbecauseofhisgood-lookingface.So,tomakehimselflook70,theprince

woreamask（面具）withanuglyfacepaintedonit.

Anotherstoryaboutfacepaintinghas71todowithLiLongji,anemperorintheTangDynasty.He

lovedoperaverymuch.Oneday,theactorwhoplayedtheclown（丑角）inPekingOpera72rightbeforea

performance,sotheemperordecidedtoplaythisrolehimself.Hecoveredpartofhisfacewithapieceofwhite

squarejade（玉）73otherswouldn'tbeabletorecognize（认出）him.Therefore,thecoverontheclown's

facebecameatradition.Later,theactorwhoplayedtheclownusedwhitepowder（粉末）insteadofthejade.

Astimewenton,facepaintingstartedbeingusedto74thecharactersofdifferentroles.Ithasbecome

oneofmanyspecial75ofexpressionofPekingOpera.

根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

66.A.naturalB.strangeC.special

67.A.lookingatB.lookingforC.lookingafter

68.A.valuableB.importantC.handsome

69.A.understoodB.thoughtC.promised

70.A.strongerB.healthierC.cleverer

71.A.everythingB.nothingC.something

72.A.werereadyB.fellillC.showedup

73.A.eventhoughB.eversinceC.sothat

74.A.showB.orderC.lead

75.A.secretsB.reasonsc.ways

Passage8

（2023•黑龙江大庆•校联考模拟预测）

Choosethebestanswertocompletethepassage.

TheLanternFestivalfallsonthe15thdayoftheChineseSpringFestival.FortheChinese,itisadayfor

familytogetherness.Thafswhychildrenandsomepeoplestillwaittogotoschoolorreturntoworkafterthe

festival.

•Lightingcolorfullanterns

Lightinglanternsisprobablythemost76knowntraditionforcelebratingtheLanternFestival.When

77falls,peopleplacecandlesinsidelanternsandcarrythemoutside.Everyyear,lanternexhibitionsareheldin

parksand78publicplaces.Theentireareais79withbeautifullighting.

•EatingTangYuan

TangYuan,orYuanXiao,isamust-eatfoodfortheLanternFestival.Shapedlikearoundball,TangYuan

symbolizesthe80moonandpeople'sdesiresforhappinessandfamilyreunions（团圆）.

•Guessinglanternriddles

Inancienttimes,singlepeoplecanattracttheattentionoftheircrush（迷恋对象）81thisguessinggame.

Rightupuntiltoday,ChinesepeoplehavedelightfulriddlecompetitionstocelebratetheLanternFestival.Lantern

riddlesarepopularwithpeopleofallagesandallwalksoflifeasmanyofthemarefascinating.

•Enjoyingtimewith82

83theLanternFestivalisapartoftheSpringFestival,gatheringwithfamilyandeatingTangYuan,

theLanternFestivalhasanimportantmeaningofreunion.InancientChina,youngladieswerenotallowedto

84freelyexceptatthetimeoftheLanternFestival.Itwasoncecustomary（习俗的）forsinglepeopletocarrylit

lanternsonthestreetsinthehopeoffindingtheirtruelove.

Astimepassed,however,thefestivalnolongerhad85aspecialmeaningonromance（浪漫）.

76.A.widelyB.exactlyC.quietlyD.truly

77.A.happinessB.businessC.kindnossD.darkness

78.A.anotherB.othersC.otherD.theothers

79.A.decoratedB.dividedC.protectedD.polluted

80.A.halfB.closeC.fullD.bright

81.A.withoutB.throughC.againstD.beyond

82.A.volunteersB.relativesC.servantsD.family

83.A.AsB.WhenC.IfD.Though

84.A.stayupB.gooutC.comeinD.sitdown

85.A.suchB.soC.veryD.rather

Passage9

（2023・福建福州・福州华伦中学校考模拟预测）

Daisywasinthebathroom.Shewasbrushingherteethandthetap（水龙头）wason.Waterwasrunning.

“Turnthattapoff/'avoicesaidloudly.Daisywasshocked.She86、butsawnoone."Turnthattapoff.

Youarewastingwater!Someoneshouted87.

ThistimeDaisyturnedoffthetapandasked,“Who-whoareyou?”"Iamadropofwater.Ifsnot88

formetogethere.DoyouknowwhereI'mfrom?”"Fromthetap?”saidDaisy.

“No.Afewdaysago,Iwasflyingcomfortablyinacloud,enjoyingtheviewfromthesky.ThenI89

intoariverandthatrivercarriedmetoalake.Thenitwastimeformetogetcleanedup.”"Really?”Daisydoubted.

“Yes.Iwasdirtyaftermy90.Soinordertomakemesafetodrink,peoplegavemeacomplete91.

Afterthat,I92inthepipes（管道）underthestreets.Iwaitedthereuntilyoucalledme,andhereIam.^^

Daisysaid,t6Sothisistheendofyour93?”

“No.Whenyou'vefinishedwithme,Iwillbebackintheseaagain.ThafswhereIcamefrominthefirst

place.Remembernottowastemeorpolluteme.Tmvaluable,94gold.Seeyou.^^

“Waitaminute.Whatdoyoumeanbygold?”Buttherewasno95.Thewaterhadgone.

86.A.lookedoutB.lookedupC.lookedaround

87.A.impolitelyB.happilyC.kindly

88.A.luckyB.comfortableC.easy

89.A.droppedB.steppedC.broke

90.A.roadB.wayC.journey

91.A.trainingB.checkingC.cleaning

92.A.enteredB.flewC.travelled

93.A.historyB.lifeC.journey

94.A.asB.likeC.from

95.A.replyB.noiseC.time

Passage10

©OpenAI

（2023.福建龙岩.统考模拟预测）

There9sanewAIrobot:ChatGPT,andyou'dbetterpayattention,evenifyouaren'tinterestedinartificial

intelligence（AI,人工智能）.ThetoolisanAIchatbotsystemthatOpenAIreleased（发布）96November

2022toshowoffandtestwhataverylarge,powerfulAIsystemcanachieve.

ChatGPTremembersthethread（线索）ofyourdialogue,usingprevious（之前的）questionsandanswerstotell

97nextanswers.ItsanswerscomefromlotsofinformationontheInternet.ChatGPTisbuiltontopofthe

OpenAIGPT-3familyoflargelanguagemodelsandischangedalittlebyusing98supervisedand

reinforcementlearning（监督和强化学习）.

Youcan99ChatGPTanything,likeexplainingphysics,askingforbirthdaypartyideasandgetting

programming（编程）help.Perhapsitisn't100enoughtoreplaceallhumansyet,butitcanbecreative,and

itsanswerscansoundveryauthoritative（权威）.Afew101afteritslaunch,morethan1millionpeople

weretryingoutChatGPT.

ChatGPTisfreetouseatthemoment102itisstillinitsresearchperiod.Butwhentoomanypeople

103theserver（月艮务器），itoverloadsandcan'tdealwithyourrequest.Itjustmeansyoushouldtryvisitingthe

siteatalatertimewhen104peoplearetryingtouseit.

However,ChatGPTcannotreplaceGoogle.ChatGPTisanartificialintelligencerobotthatprovidessolutions

toyourquestions,butGoogleisasearchengineinwhichyoucan105forasmuchinformationas

possible.

96.A.inB.onC.at

97.A.myB.itsC.your

98.A.allB.bothC.between

99.A.askB.tellC.answer

100.A.oldB.tallC.smart

101.A.daysB.yearsC.centuries

102.A.soB.ifC.because

103.A.buyB.visitC.leave

104.A.manyB.moreC.fewer

105.A.waitB.careC.search

・JC题实战演练

（2022•西藏•统考中考真题）Inwesterncultures,thedragonisusuallyregardedasacreature（生物）that

enjoysharmingothers.However,]China,thedragonishonoredforitspowerforgood.TheChinese

2thattheyaredescendants（后代）ofthedragon.

Sinceancienttimes,Chinesepeoplehaveregardedthedragonas3creatureswiththepowerto

influencetheirlives.Themysteriouscreature4regardedasthegodofrain,thunder,therainbow,andthe

stars.Someemperorscomparedthem5thedragon.

Thereareseveraldifferentkindsofdragonsaccordingto6,whichmaybeyellow,blue,black,white

orred.Ofthese,themosthighlyhonoredwastheyellowoneseachemperor7agown（长袍）decorated

withyellowdragonpatterns（图案）.

Themostcommonwayofexpressingpeople'sloveforthedragonisthedragondance.Itis8during

theperiodfromChineseNewYeartotheLanternFestival.TheseconddayofthesecondlunarmonthisDragon

HeadRaisingDay.Peoplecannothave9haircutfromthestartofChineseNewYearuntilthen.The

DragonBoatFestivalisgreatfestival10thedragon.

1.A.atB.toC.forD.in

2.A.soundB.believeC.feelD.see

3.A.anB.theC.aD./

4.A.wasB.wereC.beD.are

5.A.forB.toC.withD.and

6.A.smellsB.shapesC.sizesD,colors

7.A.woreB.carriedC.tookD.lifted

8.A.performB.performedC.performsD.performing

9.A.theirB.herC.hisD.our

10.,A.asB.fromC.aboutD.above

（2022.山东淄博.统考中考真题）W

Akangarooisatall,stronganimal.Ithaslargefeet,alongtail,thickbrownfur（毛）andpointyears.The

kangarooisregardedasa11ofAustralia.Also,kangarooshavebeenused12mascots（吉祥物）for

sportsteams.

Kangarooisthenameforanadult.Itcangrowuptotwometers13,andweigh90kilograms.Joeyisthe

nameforababykangaroo.However,14ajoeyisbom,itisn'tlikeakangaroo.Itisred,andithasnofur.It

lookslikeapeanut（花生）.

Anewbornjoeycannotsee.Itisblind.15ithasnoproblemfindingawaytoitsmother'spouch（育JL

袋）.Itjustmovesslowlyupandgoesintothemother'spouch.Themother'spouchbecomesits16home.

Ajoey17initsmother5spouch.Itdrinksitsmother'smilkandbecomesbiggerandbigger.Itsfurstarts

togrow.Redfurisforaboy,whilegreyfurisforagirl.Afterafewmonths,ajoey'sbacklegsstarttogrow.The

legsstarttogrowlongerand18.Nowifstimeforajoeytocomeoutofthepouch.Itjumpsandrunsaround

inthefield.Andthenitcomesbacktoitsmother'spouchtosleep.

Ajoeyhastostayinitsmother'spouch19aboutayear,andbefedbythemotheruntilreaching18

months.Whenitbecomesbiggerthanthepouch,it20itsfirsthome.

Goodbyeandgoodluck,Joey!

11.A.heartB.symbolC.placeD.map

12.A.byB.up