关于金融的英文

演讲人：日期：关于金融的英文目录IntroductiontoFinanceFinancialMarketsandInstrumentsCorporateFinancePersonalFinanceInternationalFinanceCareersinFinance01IntroductiontoFinance

DefinitionandOverviewofFinanceFinanceisthestudyofhowindividuals,businesses,andgovernmentsraise,allocate,andusemonetaryresourcesovertimeItinvolvesthemanagementofriskandreturnoninvestmentsaswellastheeffectiveallocationofcapitalFinancealsoencompassedtheexcess,creation,andstudyofmoney,banking,credit,investments,assets,andliabilitiesFinanceiscrucialforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentasitfacilitatestheflowoffundsfromsaverstoinvestorsIthelpsindividualsandbusinessestoplanfortheirfuturefinancialneedsandgoalsFinancealsoplaysavitalroleincorporatestrategy,investmentdecisionmaking,andriskmanagementImportanceofFinancePersonalFinanceDealswithanindividual'sorafamily'sfinancialdecisions,includingbudgeting,saving,investing,andinsuranceCorporateFinanceFocusesonthefinancialdecisionsofbusinesses,includingcapitalbudgeting,capitalstructure,dividedpolicy,andworkingcapitalmanagementPublicFinanceConceptsofthefinancialdecisionsandpoliciesofgovernmentsandpublicsectorentities,includingtaxation,governmentspending,anddebtmanagementInternationalFinanceInvolvestheexchangeofcurrency,theflowofcapitalbetweennations,andthemanagementofinternationalfinancialrisksTypesofFinance02FinancialMarketsandInstrumentsDefinitionFinancialmarketsrefertotheplatformswherebuyersandsellersengageinthetradeofassetssuchasstocks,bonds,currencies,andderivativesFunctionsFinancialmarketsserveasamediumforraisingcapital,facilitatingthetransferofrisk,andprovidingliquiditytoparticipantsParticipantsFinancialmarketsarecomposedofawiderangeofparticipants,includingindividuals,corporations,governments,andinstitutionalinvestorsOverviewofFinancialMarketsStocksRepresentownershipinacompanyandentityholderstoashareofthecompany'sprofitsandvotingrightsBondsAredebtsecuritiesissuedbygovernmentsorcorporationsthatpromisetopayaspecifiedamountofinterestandprincipaloverafixedperiodoftimeCurrenciesAretheofficialmediaofexchangeforacountryandaretradedontheforeignexchangemarketDerivativesArefinancialcontractswhosevalueisderivedfromanunderlyingassetsuchasastock,bond,currency,orcommunity01020304TypesofFinancialInstrumentsPriceDiscoveryFinancialmarketsfacilitatetheprocessofpricediscovery,wherebuyersandsellersinteracttodeterminethefairmarketvalueofanassetLiquidityFinancialmarketsprovideliquiditytoparticipants,allowingthemtobuyandsellassetsquicklyandeasilywithoutaffectingthemarketpriceRiskTransferFinancialmarketsenableparticipantstotransferriskbybuyingandsellingassetsorenteringintoderivativecontractsCapitalFormationFinancialmarketsplayacriticalroleincapitalformationbyallowingcompaniestoraisefundsthroughtheissueofstocksandbondsHowFinancialMarketsWork03CorporateFinanceDeterminantsofCapitalStructureFirmsneedtoconsidervariousfactorssuchascostofcapital,taxbenefits,andfinancialflexibilitywhendeterminingtheiroptimalcapitalstructureTypesofFinancingFirmscanraisecapitalthroughdebtorequityfinancingDebtfinancinginvestmentsborrowingmoneyfromlenders,whileequityfinancinginvestmentssellingownershipstakestoinvestorsLevelandFinancialRiskLevelreferstotheuseofdebttofinancialassetsWhileleveragecanincreasereturns,italsoincreasesfinancialriskbecausefirmmustrepaytheprincipalandinterestontheirdebtCapitalStructureandFinancingDecisionsCapitalBudgetingFirmsusecapitalbudgetingtechniquessuchasnetpresentvalue(NPV)andinternalrateofreturn(IRR)toevaluatepotentialinvestmentsanddeterminewhichofthemareprofitableValuationMethodsFirmscanvaluetheirassets,liabilities,andoverallbusinessusingvariousvaluationmethodssuchasdiscountedcashflowanalysis,comparablecompanyanalysis,andpriortransactionsRealOptionsandStrategicInvestmentsRealoptionsrefertotheflexibilitythatfirmhasinmakingstrategicinvestmentsBydelayingorabandoningunprofitableprojects,firmscanmitigatetheirfinancialrisksInvestmentDecisionsandValuationTypesofFinancialRiskFirmsfacevariabletypesoffinancialriskincludingmarketrisk,creditrisk,liquidityrisk,andoperationalriskRiskManagementStrategiesFirmscanmitigatetheirfinancialriskthroughdiversification,hedgingstrategiesusingderivatives,insurancepolicies,andbyestablishingrobustinternalcontrolsRiskManagementinCorporateFinanceFinancialDistressandBankruptcyFinancialstressoccurrenceswhenafirmisunabletomeetitsfinancialobjectivesInextremecases,thiscanleadtobankruptcywhereafirm'sassetsareliquidtorepayitsdebtsFirmsneedtohaveriskmanagementstrategiesinplacetoavoidfinancialstressandbankruptcyRiskManagementinCorporateFinance04PersonalFinanceCreatingaBudgetEstablisharealisticbudgetbytrackingincomeandexpenses,prioritizingneedsoverwants,andsettingasidesavingsEmergencyFundBuildanemergencyfundtocoverunexpectedexpenseslikemedicalbills,carrepairs,orjoblossesLongTermSavingsGoalsSetlongtermsavingsgoalsformajorpurchases,suchasadownpaymentonahouseorfundingachild'seducationSavingStrategiesImplementsavingstrategiessuchasautomaticdepositsintosavingsaccounts,settingasideapercentageofincome,orusingsavingsappsBudgetingandSavingDeveloparetentionplanbyestimatingfutureexpenses,consideringinflation,anddetermininghowmuchtosaveandinvestRecommendationPlanningExploreinvestmentoptionssuchas401(k)plans,IRAs,mutualfunds,stocks,andbonds,consideringrisktoleranceandreturnpotentialInvestmentOptionsDiversifyinvestmentstoreduceriskbyspreadingmoneyacrossdifferentassetclassesandgeographicregionsDiversificationPeriodicallyreviewinvestmentperformanceandadjustasneededtostayontrackwithretentiongoalsPeriodicReviewsInvestingforRetirementDebtManagementCreateaplantomanagedebtbyprioritizinghighinterestloans,negotiatingwithcredits,orconsolidatingdebtCreditScoreUnderstandhowcreditscoresworkandtakestepstoimproveormaintainagoodcreditscorebypayingbillsontimeandreducingdebtResponsibleBorrowingBorrowresponsiblybyunderstandingthetermsofloans,comparinginterestrates,andavoidingunnecessarydebtManagingDebtandCreditCreditCardUseUsecreditcardswillinglybychargingonlywhatyoucanaftertopayoffeachmonth,payingmorethantheminimumbalancedue,andavoidingcashadvantagesandhighinterestrateoffersManagingDebtandCredit05InternationalFinance010203FunctionsofForeignExchangeMarketsProvideaplatformfortheconversionofcurrencies,facilityinternationaltradeandinvestment,andactasahedgeagainstcurrencyriskTypesofExchangeRatesFloatingrates,whicharedeterminedbymarketforces,andfixedrates,whicharepeggedtoanothercurrencyorabasketofcurrenciesFactorsAffectingExchangeRatesEconomicfactorssuchasinflation,interestrates,andtradebalances,aswellaspoliticalandsocialfactorsForeignExchangeMarketsandRatesTypesofInternationalTrade01Importandexportofgoodsandservices,includingcrossbordere-commerceInternationalPaymentMethods02Lettersofcredit,wiretransfers,andinternationalcreditcardsarecommonmethodsusedforcrossborderpaymentsTradeFinancing03Variousfinancialinstrumentsandservicesareavailabletofacilitateinternationaltrade,includingexportloans,importfinancing,andforfaitingInternationalTradeandPaymentsCausesoftheGlobalFinancialCrisis:Thecrisiswastriggeredbyacombinationoffactors,includingexcessrisktakingbyfinancialinstitutions,weakregulatoryoversight,andglobalimbalancesRegulatoryresponsestotheCrisis:Governmentsandinternationalorganizationshaveimplementedarangeofregulatoryreformstostrengthentheresistanceofthefinancialsystem,includingcapitalandliquidityrequirements,stresstesting,andresolutionframeworksforfailingfinancialinstitutionsOngoingchallengesinGlobalFinancialRegulation:Regulatoryfragmentation,crossborderregulatoryambirace,andtheemergenceofnewfinancialtechnologiescontinuetoposechallengestoglobalfinancialstabilityGlobalFinancialCrisisandRegulation06CareersinFinanceInvestmentBankerSpecializesinhelpingclientsraisecapitalandprovidefinancialadviceformerchants,acquisitions,andothercorporatetransactionsAccountantDealswiththepreparationoffinancialstatements,taxreturns,andaudits,ensuringthatfinancialrecordsareaccurateandcompliantwithregulationsRiskManagerIdentifies,analyzes,andmitigatesfinancialrisksfacedbyanorganization,developingstrategiestominimizepotentiallossesFinancialAnalystResponsibleforasses