河北省石家庄市2022-2023学年高三年级上册期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

2022-2023学年一学期高三年级期末考试

英语试卷

（时间120分钟，满分150分）

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,

用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷

上无效。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到

答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是C。

1.Whatisthemanmostsatisfiedwithaboutthenewjob?

A.Thelocation.B.Thepay.C.Thevacationtime.

2.Whatisthemandoing?

A.Askingforinformation.B.Givingdirections.C.Waitingforabus.

3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inashoppingmall.B.Inasupermarket.C.Inthestreet.

4.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodo?

A.Goclimbing.B.Buycampingequipment.C.Stayathome.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Whattoeattoday.

B.Wheretofindthemenu.

C.Howtopostanoticeonline.

第二节供15小题;每小题L5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中

选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小

题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?

A.Reserveavehicle.

B.Collectavehicle.

C.Purchaseavehicle.

7.Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?

A.Bringanagreement.

B.Sendaconfirmationnumber.

C.Searchthedatabase.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthevideo?

A.Amazing.B.Traditional.C.Boring.

9.Whatmakesthedancingspecialaccordingtothewoman?

A.Themusic.B.Thecostumes.C.Theroutines.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Wheredothespeakerswork?

A.Inarealestatefirm.

B.Inaconstructioncompany.

C.Inthelocalcouncil.

11.Whatisunderconstructionatthewaterfront?

A.Anewcinema.B.Asportscomplex.C.Aswimmingpool.

12.Whatwillthemandonext?

A.Meetahouseowner.

B.Viewanapartment.

C.Updatetheonlinelists.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.WhafsthemainpurposeofEricandhisfathertakingthecycletrip?

A.Toraisemoneyforcharities.

B.Tospendtimetogether.

C.Tobreaktheirusualroutine.

14.Whatmadeadayhappierduringthetrip?

A.Ridingforalongdistance.

B.Chattingwiththelocalpeople.

C.Enjoyingthesunshineontheface.

15.WhatisEricnow?

A.He'sastudent.B.He'sahost.C.He'sacoach.

16.WhatdoesEricwanttodo?

A.Takeanotherlongride.

B.Gocyclingonweekends.

C.Participateincompetitions.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatwilltherailwaycompanydowiththecarpark?

A.Changeitforamulti-storyone.

B.Enlargetheparkingarea.

C.Connectittothehighstreet.

18.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthelibrary?

A.Itwillmovetoadifferentsite.

B.Itwillcloseforaboutsixweeks.

C.Itwillextendtheopeninghours.

19.Whatchangewillbemadetothenaturereserve?

A.Thecouncilwillofferthefondtoit.

B.Therewillbeachargeforaccesstoit.

C.Anationalorganizationwillmanageit.

20.Whafsthespeakerdoing?

A.Announcingsomeplans.B.Givingalecture.C.Introducingatown.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

SummerHighSchoolProgramsofBostonUniversity

HighSchoolHonors

Readytopushyourlimitsacademically?Excitedtogetoutofyourcomfortzone,explorenewsubjects,and

earncollegecredits?Ifthissoundslikeyouandyouareenteringyourjuniororsenioryear,HighSchoolHonors

offersaBostonUniversitypre-collegeexperiencethatwillchallengeyouandenrichyourknowledge.

Programbegins:July5

Programends:August5

AcademicImmersion(AIM)

Ifyouwanttofocusonaspecificsubjectforaboutthreeweeks,AIMisforyou.Itcombinesclassroomwork

andtheoreticalstudieswithpracticalapplicationsandactivitiesbasedonexperiencesincludingfieldtripsandgroup

projects.Inadditiontoexperiencingcollegelife,you911gaininvaluableinsightintopotentialcareerpaths.This

programisopentohighschooljuniorsandseniors.

Programbegins:July2

Programends:July21

SummerChallenge

IfscalledSummerChallengebecauseitpushesyouinsomanyways.Youwillexploreyourinterests,discover

newones,testyouracademicboundaries,andexperiencethecollegelife.Alongtheway,youwillmakenewfriends

andgettoknowmoreaboutBostonUniversity.Ifyou'reahighschoolsenior,you'reinforafewunforgettableweeks.

Programbegins:July3

Programends:August14

RISEPracticum

Ifyou'recrazyaboutscienceandareastudentcurrentlyinyourjunioryearofhighschool,weinviteyouto

applyfortheResearchinScience&Engineering(RISE)program.Youwillresearchwithsomeofthenation's

brightestscientificmindswhileadvancingyourSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmathematics)

knowledgeandskills.

Programbegins:July6

Programends:August11

1.WhatdoHighSchoolHonorsandAcademicImmersionhaveincommon?

A.Theyenablestudentstoearncollegecredits.

BTheyinvolvestudentsintheoutdooractivities.

C.Theyprovideadviceonstudents*potentialcareer.

D.Theyareintendedforhighschooljuniorsandseniors.

2.Whichprogramlaststhelongest?

A.HighSchoolHonors.B.AcademicImmersion.

C.SummerChallenge.D.RISEPracticum.

3.WhatcanyoudoinRISEPracticum?

A.Advancesocialskills.B.Researchwithgreatscientists.

C.Explorenewinterests.D.Testengineeringknowledge.

【答案】l.D2.C3.B

【解析】

【导语】本文一篇应用文。主要介绍了几个波士顿大学暑期高中课程。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据小标题HighSchoolHonors下的段落中“Ifthissoundslikeyouandyouareenteringyour

juniororsenioryear,HighSchoolHonorsoffersaBostonUniversitypre-collegeexperiencethatwillchallengeyou

andenrichyourknowledge.（如果这听起来像是你正在进入高三或高四，高中荣誉课程将为你提供波士顿大

学大学预科课程，这将挑战你并丰富你的知识）”以及小标题AcademicImmersion（AIM）下的段落中“This

programisopentohighschooljuniorsandseniors.（这个项目面向高中三年级和四年级学生）”可知High

SchoolHonors和AcademicImmersion的共同之处是，它们面向高中三年级和四年级学生。故选D项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据小标题HighSchoolHonors下的“Programbegins:July5,Programends:August5（项目开

始时间：7月5日，项目结束时间:8月5日）”可知，持续31天，根据小标题AcademicImmersion（AIM）下

的^Programbegins:July2,Programends:July21（项目开始时间:7月2日，项目结束时间:7月21日）”可

知，持续20天，根据小标题SummerChallenge下的uProgrambegins:July3,Programends:August14（项

目开始时间：7月3日，项目结束时间:8月14日）”可知，持续42天，根据小标题RISEPracticum下的

aProgrambegins:July6,Programends:August11（项目开始时间:7月6日，项目结束时间:8月11日）”可

知，持续36天，所以四个项目中持续时间最长是的SummerChallenge。故选C项。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据小标题RISEPracticum下的段落中“Youwillresearchwithsomeofthenation'sbrightest

scientificmindswhileadvancingyourSTEM（science,technology,engineeringandmathematics）knowledgeand

skills.（你将与美国最聪明的科学家一起研究，同时提高你的STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）知识和技

能）”可知，在RISE实习课程中你将和伟大的科学家一起研究。故选B项。

WhenIwassix,Iembarrassedaboyinclassbytellingtheteacherhe'dwethimself.HesatfarbehindmebutI

smelledit,intensely.Hewassoupsetthatmygrandmotherwascalledintoschool.Whenwegothome,shewarned,

“Neveruseyoursenseofsmellforthatagain.^^SheexplainedthatI,likeher,hadhereditaryhyperosmia,meaning

I'masuper-smeller.

MyhusbandLesandIbothpursuedmedicalcareers.Oneday,Iwasstruckbythesmellofapatient.Ilater

learnedthatshehaddiabetes（糖尿病）andwhatIsmelledwasraisedketones,achemicalproducedbytheliver（肝）.

Iknewdoctorswouldn'tacceptmydiagnoses（诊断），soIstayedquiet.

In1982,beforeLes's32ndbirthday,Ismeltsomethingstrangeonhim.Ithoughtitmightbetheairoftheplace

heworkedin.Twelveyearslater,in1994,hewasdiagnosedwithParkinson'sdisease.Itwasn'tuntilthelastmonths

ofhislife,morethan20yearslater,thatwediscoveredIcoulddetectthediseaseinothers,too.

Wefeltaresponsibilitytodosomething.WeattendedalecturebyProf.Kunath,aneurobiologist.Iasked,“Why

isthesmellofParkinson'snotbeingusedforearlydiagnosis?,,Hedidn'tanswerandweleft,disappointed.Butfour

monthslater,hecalledourhome.Hehadfoundmeafterrelayingmyquestiontoacolleague,whotoldhim,“You

mustfindher.^^Webegantoworkasateamtoprovemytheory.

WhenLesdiedin2015,hemademepromiseI'dcarryontheresearch.Ispenttimeinlabs,smellingsufferers9

skinoilonswabs（棉签）.IcoulddetectwhetherthepersonhadParkinson'swith95%accuracy.Thisyear,our

researchteampublishedabreakthrough:athree-minutetestthatcandetectthediseasebyrunningaswabalong

someone'sneck.

I'vebecomeknownanddeliveredmanylectures.I'mworkingondetectingcancersandtuberculosis.Inever

imagined,at72,thiswouldbemylift'swork.IconstantlythinkabouthowIlostmyLes,butalsohowIfinally

fulfilledmypromise.

4.Whatdidtheauthordowhenshesmeltsomethingstrangeonherhusband?

A.Shetookthesmelllightly.B.Shedrovehimtohospital.

C.Shewarnedhimofadisease.D.Shemadehimshowermore.

5.WhydidProf.Kunathcalltheauthor?

A.Tomakeanapologytoher.

B.Toinviteherforaspecificresearch.

C.Todiscussherhusband'sdisease.

D.Topromotehertoahigherposition.

6.Howwasapatient'sParkinson'sdetectedaccordingtoParagraph5?

A.Byhavingabrieftalkwiththedoctor.

B.Bytakingabloodexamination.

C.Byconductingashortandeasyskintest.

D.Byrubbingaswabinthenose.

7.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofherpresentwork?

A.Painful.B.Tiring.C.Easy.D.Rewarding.

【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者患有遗传性嗅觉过敏症，她发现自己能闻到有病的人身上特殊的

气味，和同伴就这个问题展开研究，最后发明了一种快速的疾病检测方法。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中“In1982,beforeLes's32ndbirthday,Ismeltsomethingstrangeonhim.Ithought

itmightbetheairoftheplaceheworkedin.（1982年，在莱斯32岁生日之前，我在他身上闻到了一种奇怪的

味道。我想可能是因为他工作的地方的空气）”可推知，作者以为丈夫身上奇怪的味道可能是因为他工作的

地方的空气，所以她对那股气味毫不在意。故选A项。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段段中"Butfourmonthslater,hecalledourhome.Hehadfoundmeafterrelayingmy

questiontoacolleague,whotoldhim,“Youmustfindher.^^Webegantoworkasateamtoprovemytheory.（但四

个月后，他给我们家打了电话。他是在把我的问题转告给一位同事后找到我的，那位同事告诉他：“你必

须找到她。”我们开始作为一个团队来证明我的理论）”可推知，Kunath教授给作者打电话是为了邀请她

做一个具体的研究。故选B项。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据第五段中"Thisyear,ourresearchteampublishedabreakthrough:athree-minutetestthatcan

detectthediseasebyrunningaswabalongsomeone'sneck.（今年，我们的研究团队发表了一项突破：一种三分

钟的测试，可以通过在某人的脖子上擦拭棉签来检测疾病）”可知，他们发明了一种方法，通过一个简单的

皮肤测试检测出患者的帕金森症。故选C项。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段"I'vebecomeknownanddeliveredmanylectures.Tmworkingondetectingcancers

andtuberculosis.Ineverimagined,at72,thiswouldbemylift'swork.IconstantlythinkabouthowIlostmyLes,

butalsohowIfinallyfulfilledmypromise.（我已为人所知，并发表了许多演讲。我正在研究癌症和肺结核。

我从未想过，在72岁时，这会是我的工作。我一直在想我是如何失去我的莱斯的，但我也最终实现了我

的承诺）”可推知，作者完全没想到这会是自己的工作，所以她认为现在的工作是一种奖励。故选D项。

C

Thewidespreadsedentary（久坐不动的）lifestylehasbecomeaprobleminAmerica,fuelingtherisingobesity

（肥胖）rate.

Nowanewstudyfindsthatbeingsurroundedbyactivefriendscanhelpapersonlivingasedentarylifestyleget

moreexerciseeachday.ResearchersattheUSMilitaryAcademyfoundthatpeopleinsocialgroupswhereexercise

isvaluedaremorelikelytobemoreactivethemselves.Lonelypeoplearemorelikelytolivesedentarylifestyles

withoutanotherpersonaroundtogivethemaboost.Thefindingshighlighttheideathatthecompanyapersonkeeps

canbeaboosttotheiroverallhealthanddirectioninlife.

Dr.DianaThomas,aprofessoratamilitaryschoolandstudyauthorsaidthattheideafortheresearchcamefrom

reallifeexperiencesonthecampus.Herteamhadnoticedatrendofpeoplebecomingmoreinterestedinfitnessand

otheractivitiesoncearrivingattheschool.Thisisnotusuallythecaseatotherschoolsandworkplaces,wherethere

isnosignificantimpactonfitness.Thomasbelievedthatthistrendcouldbetheresultofin-groupsocialconditioning,

wherepeoplewilltakepartinactivitiesthatothersaroundthemaredoing.

Peoplewhosedataweregatheredforthestudyweresplitintothreegroupsbasedontheirphysicalactivitylevel

一sedentary,moderatelyandextremelyactive.Moderatelyactivefolkswerethemostimportantfordrawingpeople

whoaresedentarytobecomeactive,andtosustainthatactivity.Thomasexplainedthatsedentarypeoplewouldbe

unlikelytochangetheirbehaviorwhenplacedinagroupoftheextremelyactive,asitwouldseemunattainable.

8.Whydoestheauthormentiontherisingobesityrateinthefirstparagraph?

A.Tomakecomparisons.B.Tointroducethetopic.

C.Tosupporttheargument.D.Toprovideexamples.

9.Whathelpsasedentarypersonbecomeactive?

A.Volunteeringinsocialgroups.

B.Workinginacaringcompany.

C.Joiningsports-lovingfriends.

D.Givingalonelyneighboraboost.

10.Whatmighthavecausedthetrendatthemilitaryschool?

A.Requirementsfromtheschool.

B.People'snaturaladditiontosports.

C.Socialinteractionwithinagroup.

D.Competitionagainstotherschools.

11.WhyareextremelyactivepeoplelessinfluentialaccordingtoDr.Thomas?

A.Theyhavenoappealforsedentarypeople.

B.Theyareunwillingtoinvolvesedentarypeople.

C.Theythemselvesoftenfailtosustainexercising.

D.Theyseemlikeanexamplebeyondsedentarypeople.

【答案】8.B9.C10.C11.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，身边有活跃的朋友可以帮助久坐不动的

人每天得到更多的锻炼。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段"Thewidespreadsedentary（久坐不动）lifestylehasbecomeaprobleminAmerica,

fuelingtherisingobesity（肥胖）rate.（在美国，普遍的久坐生活方式已经成为一个问题，加剧了肥胖率的上

升）”以及第二段首句"Nowanewstudyfindsthatbeingsunoundedbyactivefriendscanhelpapersonlivinga

sedentarylifestylegetmoreexerciseeachday.（现在一项新的研究发现，身边有活跃的朋友可以帮助久坐不动

的人每天得到更多的锻炼）”可推知，作者在第一段提到了不断上升的肥胖率，是为了介绍主题，如何降低

肥胖率。故选B项。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“ResearchersattheUSMilitaryAcademyfoundthatpeopleinsocialgroupswhere

exerciseisvaluedaremorelikelytobemoreactivethemselves.Lonelypeoplearemorelikelytolivesedentary

lifestyleswithoutanotherpersonaroundtogivethemaboost.Thefindingshighlighttheideathatthecompanya

personkeepscanbeaboosttotheiroverallhealthanddirectioninlife.（美国军事学院的研究人员发现，在重视

锻炼的社会群体中，人们自己也更有可能活跃起来。孤独的人更有可能过着久坐不动的生活方式，身边没

有人给他们鼓励。研究结果强调了一个观点，即一个人的同伴可以促进他们的整体健康和生活方向）”可

知，热爱运动的朋友可以帮助久坐的人变得活跃起来。故选C项。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thomasbelievedthatthistrendcouldbetheresultofin-groupsocialconditioning,

wherepeoplewilltakepartinactivitiesthatothersaroundthemaredoing.（托马斯认为，这种趋势可能是群体内

社会条件作用的结果，在群体内，人们会参与周围其他人正在做的活动）”可知，群体内的社会互动导致了

军校的这种趋势。故选C项。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一■段Moderatelyactivefolkswerethemostimportantfordrawingpeoplewhoare

sedentarytobecomeactive,andtosustainthatactivity.Thomasexplainedthatsedentarypeoplewouldbeunlikely

tochangetheirbehaviorwhenplacedinagroupoftheextremelyactive,asitwouldseemunattainable.（适度运动

的人是吸引久坐的人变得活跃并保持这种活动的最重要的因素。托马斯解释说，久坐不动的人在一组极度

活跃的人群中不太可能改变他们的行为，因为这似乎是不可能实现的）”可推知，常活跃的人对久坐不动的

人没有吸引力，所以影响力更小。故选A项。

D

Whales,particularlybaleenandspermwhales,areamongthelargestcreaturesonEarth.Theirpresenceinthe

oceanshapestheecosystemsaroundthem.Thesecreaturesarealsohelpingtodeterminethetemperatureoftheplanet.

Whenwhalesdie,theysinktotheoceanfloorandallthecarbonthatisstoredintheirextremelylargebodiesis

transferredfromsurfacewaterstothedeepsea,whereitremainsforcenturiesormore.Scientistsfoundthatbefore

industrialwhaling,populationsofwhaleswouldhavesunkbetween190,000to1.9milliontonnesofcarbonper

yeartothebottomoftheocean,whichequalstakingbetween40,000and410,000carsofftheroadeachyear.But

whentheyarekilledandtheirbodiesarepreventedfromsinkingtotheseabed,thatcarbonisreleasedintothe

atmosphere.

Butwhalesarenotonlyvaluableindeath.Thetidesofexcrement（排泄物）thatwhalesproducearealso

surprisinglyrelevanttotheclimate.Theiriron-richexcrementcreatestheperfectgrowingconditionsfor

phytoplankton（浮游植物）.ThesecreaturesmaybemicroscoDic,but,takentogether,theyhaveagreatinfluenceon

theplanefsatmosphere,absorbingabout40%ofallCO2produced,fourtimestheamountabsorbedbytheAmazon

rainforest.

“Whalinghasremovedahugeorganiccarbonpumpfromtheoceanthatwouldhavebeenhavingamuchlarger

multiplyingeffectonphytoplanktonproductivityandtheocean'sabilitytoabsorbcarbon,9,saysVickiJames,policy

manageratWhaleandDolphinConservation.

Whatthismeansisthatrestoringwhalepopulationstotheirpre-whalingnumberscouldbeanimportanttoolin

fightingclimatechange,andhelpingtoslightlyreducethelargeamountofCO2fromfossilfuelseveryyear.

12.Whathappenstothecarbonstoredinwhalesaftertheyarehunted?

A.Itremainsintheirbodies.B.Itenterstheatmosphere.

C.Itsinkstothedeepsea.D.Ittransferstosurfacewaters.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“microscopic''meaninParagraph3?

A.Tiny.B.Destructive.C.Extinct.D.Rare.

14.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.Whalesaremorevaluableaftertheydie.

B.Excrementofwhalesacceleratesglobalwarming.

C.40%ofCO2isabsorbedbytheAmazonrainforest.

D.Whalinghasanegativeinfluenceonclimatechange.

15.Whichisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.WhatWecanDotoSaveWhales

B.HowWhalesHelpCooltheEarth

CWhatisClimateChangeDoingtoWhales

D.WhyWhalePopulationsareDecliningSharply

【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了捕鲸对气候的影响。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“Butwhentheyarekilledandtheirbodiesarepreventedfromsinkingtotheseabed,

thatcarbonisreleasedintotheatmosphere.（但是当它们被杀死时，它们的尸体被阻止沉入海底，碳就会被释

放到大气中）”可知，鲸鱼被猎杀后，储存在鲸鱼体内的碳会被释放到大气中。故选B项。

【13题详解】

词句猜测题。根据前文“Theiriron-richexcrementcreatestheperfectgrowingconditionsforphytoplankton.（它

们富含铁的排泄物为浮游植物创造了完美的生长条件）”可知，划线词所在句中的主语Thesecreatures指的

是浮游植物，再根据后文“but,takentogether,theyhaveagreatinfluenceontheplanefsatmosphere（但力口在——

起，它们对地球的大气有很大的影响）”结合常识可推知，此处表达“浮游植物虽然很小，但是加在一起，

它们对地球的大气有很大的影响”之意,所以可推知microscopic意为“微小的”之意，和A项“Tiny”

意思相近。故选A项。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Theiriron-richexcrementcreatestheperfectgrowingconditionsfor

phytoplankton.Thesecreaturesmaybemicroscopic,but,takentogether,theyhaveagreatinfluenceontheplanefs

atmosphere,absorbingabout40%ofallCO2produced,fourtimestheamountabsorbedbytheAmazon

rainforest（它们富含铁的排泄物为浮游植物创造了完美的生长条件。这些生物可能是微观的，但加在一

起，它们对地球的大气有很大的影响，吸收了所有产生的二氧化碳的40%,是亚马逊雨林吸收量的四

倍）“倒数第二段中“"Whalinghasremovedahugeorganiccarbonpumpfromtheoceanthatwouldhavebeen

havingamuchlargermultiplyingeffectonphytoplanktonproductivityandtheocean'sabilitytoabsorbcarbon,

saysVickiJames,policymanageratWhaleandDolphinConservation.（鲸鱼和海豚保护组织的政策经理Vicki

James说：“捕鲸已经从海洋中移除了一个巨大的有机碳泵，这将对浮游植物的生产力和海洋吸收碳的能力

产生更大的影响。"）”可推知，捕鲸会降低浮游植物的数量，从而降低碳的吸收量，对气候有很大影响，

所以捕鲸对气候变化有负面影响。故选D项。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段uWhales,particularlybaleenandspermwhales,areamongthelargestcreatureson

Earth.Theirpresenceintheoceanshapestheecosystemsaroundthem.Thesecreaturesarealsohelpingto

determinethetemperatureoftheplanet.（鲸鱼，尤其是须鲸和抹香鲸，是地球上最大的生物之一。它们在海洋

中的存在塑造了它们周围的生态系统。这些生物也有助于确定地球的温度）”以及最后一段"Whatthis

meansisthatrestoringwhalepopulationstotheirpre-whalingnumberscouldbeanimportanttoolinfighting

climatechange,andhelpingtoslightlyreducethelargeamountofCO2fromfossilfuelseveryyear.（这意味着，将

鲸鱼数量恢复到捕鲸前的数量可能是应对气候变化的重要工具，并有助于略微减少每年化石燃料产生的大

量二氧化碳）”可知，本文主要讲述了鲸鱼对气候的影响，主要是能减少大量二氧化碳，减少温室效应，所

以B项“HowWhalesHelpCooltheEarth（鲸鱼如何帮助地球降温）”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

Foodwastehasbecomeasevereproblemacrosstheworldduetoalackofunderstandingofhowtoeffectively

usefoodandconserveit.Roughlyone-thirdofthefoodproducedgloballyiseitherlostorwastedeveryyear.

16

StopFoodWasteDayisaninternationaldayofactioninthefightagainstfoodwaste.Itbeganbackin2017by

CompassGroup,oneoftheworld'slargestfood-servicecompaniesservingrestaurants,cafes,hospitals,schools,

andmore.17Onthisday,Compasscountryteamswillworktogethertoraiseawarenessofthecriticalfood

wasteproblemandinspirechange.

StopFoodWasteDayaimstoeducatepeopleabouttheirfoodwaste.18StopFoodWasteDayhopesto

changethewayleftoversareused,sopeoplecantakethemostsignificantadvantageofwhatfoodtheyuse.

TheCompassGroupfocusestheeffortsofitsmissionbyteachingtheirchefshowtotrackandreducewasteas

muchaspossible.Theyalsoseektodonatemorethan250,000poundsoffoodeachyeartolocalfoodbanks.

19Showyoursupportbylookingupsimplerecipestobestuseleftoversandfreshproduce.Before

foodshopping,planaheadbymakingalistandonlybuyingwhatyouknowyou'lluse.20

Getintothehabitoffreezingleftovers,insteadofthrowingthemintherubbish.Besides,helpteachpeople

aboutthebenefitsofsavingfoodwaste.

A.Itbrings30countriestogether.

B.Nowifsyourturntotakeaction.

C.Foodwaste,however,canbestopped.

D.Helpschedulecookingdemonstrationsandsharerecipes.

E.Moreimportantly,itofferscreativeandimpactfulsolutions.

F.CompassGrouppromisedtoreducefoodwasteby30%by2025.

G.Alsoavoidwastingfoodbyseeingwhatneedstobeusedupbeforeyougoshopping.

【答案】16.C17.F18.E19.D20.G

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了食物浪费已经成为一个严重的问题，介绍了“停止食物浪费

日”是一个打击食物浪费的国际行动日。

【16题详解】

根据上文“Foodwastehasbecomeasevereproblemacrosstheworldduetoalackofunderstandingofhowto

effectivelyusefoodandconserveit.Roughlyone-thirdofthefoodproducedgloballyiseitherlostorwastedevery

year.（由于缺乏对如何有效利用和保存食物的了解，食物浪费已经成为一个严重的问题。每年全球生产的粮

食大约有三分之一不是丢失就是浪费）”结合后文提到了停止食物浪费日，可知，本句与上文构成转折，故

C选项“然而，食物浪费是可以停止的"符合语境，故选C。

【17题详解】

根据上文“StopFoodWasteDayisaninternationaldayofactioninthefightagainstfoodwaste.Itbeganbackin

2017byCompassGroup,oneoftheworld'slargestfood-servicecompaniesservingrestaurants,cafes,hospitals,

schools,andmore.（"停止食物浪费日”是一个打击食物浪费的国际行动日。它始于2017年，由Compass集

团创办，Compass集团是世界上最大的食品服务公司之一，为餐厅、咖啡馆、医院、学校等提供服务）”以

及后文“Onthisday,Compasscountryteamswillworktogethertoraiseawarenessofthecriticalfoodwaste

problemandinspirechange.（在这一天，Compass国家团队将共同努力，提高人们对严重粮食浪费问题的认

识，并鼓励变革）”可知，上文提到了Compass集团，故本句承接上文继续介绍Compass集团对食物浪费

的态度，下文就是其具体行动，故F选项“Compass集团承诺到2025年减少30%的食物浪费”符合语境，

故选F。

【18题详解】

根据上文"StopFoodWasteDayaimstoeducatepeopleabouttheirfoodwaste.（"停止食物浪费日”旨在教育

人们减少食物浪费）”以及后文"StopFoodWasteDayhopestochangethewayleftoversareused,sopeoplecan

takethemostsignificantadvantageofwhatfoodtheyuse.（"停止食物浪费日”希望改变剩饭剩菜的使用方

式，这样人们就能最大限度地利用他们所使用的食物）”可知，后文提到了“停止食物浪费日”希望改变剩

饭剩菜的使用方式，即为减少食物浪费提供了解决方案，故E选项“更重要的是，它提供了创造性和有影

响力的解决方案”符合语境，故选E。

【19题详解】

根据后文“Showyoursupportbylookingupsimplerecipestobestuseleftoversandfreshproduce.Beforefood

shopping,planaheadbymakingalistandonlybuyingwhatyouknowyou'lluse.（通过查找简单的食谱来表达你

的支持，最好地利用剩菜和新鲜农产品。在购买食物之前，提前计划好，列一张清单，只买你知道你会用

的东西）”可知，后文提到了食谱对减少食物浪费的作用。故D选项“帮助安排烹饪示范并分享食谱”符

合语境，故选D。

[20题详解】

根据上文“Showyoursupportbylookingupsimplerecipestobestuseleftoversandfreshproduce.Beforefood

shopping,planaheadbymakingalistandonlybuyingwhatyouknowyou'lluse.（通过查找简单的食谱来表达你

的支持，最好地利用剩菜和新鲜农产品。在购买食物之前，提前计划好，列一张清单，只买你知道你会用

的东西）”可知，上文提到了在购买食物之前，提前计划好，列一张清单，只买你知道你会用的东西，即在

购物之前就选好食物，避免浪费。故G选项“在你去购物之前，也要看看哪些食物需要消耗掉，以避免浪

费食物”符合语境，故选G。

第三部分英语语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入.空白处的最佳选项。

LastyearinOctober,myfamilyandItookourfirstcampingtrip.Mywholefamily21,whichwasthe

mostimportantpartofthetripforme.Mysiblings（兄弟姐妹）areadultswithdifferent22,whichmakesit

difficultforusto23anactivitylikethis.

Wehadsetupthetentwhenitsuddenlystartedraining.24,wehadpositionedthetentonahighflat

surfacewhere25couldnotcomeintoourtent.Evenwiththerain,Ihadneverbeenhappier.

Whilewewereall26thesoundoftherain,mymomcooked