2024-2025学年新教材高中英语UNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLD教学知识细解码学案含解析新人教版必修第一册

UNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLD1．refervi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于→referencen．指称关系；参考2．basevt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；依据→basedadj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的3．varyvt.&vi.使多样化；改变→varietyn．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→variousadj4．globen．球体；地球仪；地球→globaladj.全球的；全世界的5．appreciatevt.观赏；重视；感谢；领悟vi.增值→appreciationn．观赏；感谢；感谢6．equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→equallyadv.相同地；同样地→equalityn．同等7．describevt.&vi.描述；描写→descriptionn1．majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的n．主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；特地探讨①LiMingwantstomajorinphysicsatcollege.主修②Environmentprotectionisamajorevent.重要的③HeisamajorinFrenchatStanford.主修学生2．charactern．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点①Anunhappychildhoodmayhavesomenegativeeffectsonaperson'scharacter;however,theyarenotalwayspermanent.性格②Byopeninganovel,IcanleavebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulandmysteriousworldwhereIamnowanewcharacter.角色③ThewholecharacterofthevillagehaschangedsincethelasttimeIwashere.特点④Lastnight，Ihadaninterestingdream.InthedreamIaccidentallygotamagicpenwithwhichIcouldwritebeautifulChinesecharacters.文字3．specificadj.特定的；明确的；详细的n．细微环节；详情①Isthisgamemeantforaspecificagegroup？特定的②Hegaveusveryspecificinstruction.明确的③Ican'tgointospecifics，butIcantellyouthatwehaveanagreement.细微环节WordsandPhrases学问要点1nativeadj.诞生地的；本地的；土著的n．本地人(教材P60)HowmanybillionpeoplespeaktheUN'sofficiallanguagesastheirnativeorsecondlanguage?有多少亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或其次语言？[例1]Asamatteroffact，Frenchisnotmynativelanguage.事实上，法语不是我的母语。[例2]IsheruncleanativeofShanghai，orjustavisitor?她叔叔是上海本地人，还是只是一名游客？[学问拓展](1)sb.'snativecountry/land/language 某人的祖国/家乡/母语benativeto 原产于……(2)beanativeof...……的人；生长于……的动物或植物[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Duringtheirvisittothatcountry，theycommunicatedwithnatives(native)therehappily.②TheresearchersaysthetigerisnativetoIndia.③Youcantellfromhisblueeyesthatheisn't_a_native_ofChina.你可以从他的蓝眼睛看出他不是中国本地人。[小片段填空]Frenchisnotmynativetongue.I'manativeofthisplace.(native)学问要点2referto指的是；描述；提到；查阅(教材P60)Pronounsrefertosomethingorsomebodymentionedearlier.代词指的是前面提到的某件事或某个人。[例1]Youcanrefertomynotesifyoureviewwhatyouhavestudied.你假如复习你所学功课的话，可以参考我的笔记。[例2]Theregulationsreferonlytochildren.这些规定只适用于儿童。[学问拓展](1)referto...as... 把……称作……(2)referencen. 言及；提及；参考；查阅[即学即练]写出下列句中黑体部分的含义①Noonereferredtothematteragain.提及②WhenIsaidsomepeoplewerestupidIwasn'treferringtoyou.指的是③Thenewlawdoesnotrefertolandusedforfarming.有关；适用于④Ifyoudon'tknowtheexactmeaningoftheword，youmayrefertothedictionary.查阅⑤PeoplerefertoWuyuanasoneofthemostbeautifulvillageinChina.把……称作是学问要点3basevt.以……为据点；以……为基础n．底部；依据(教材P62)Atthebeginning，writtenChinesewasapicture­basedlanguage.起初，书写汉语是一种基于图画的语言。[例1]Pleasedorememberthatsuccessisbasedonhardwork.请肯定要记住，胜利基于艰苦的努力。[例2]Heusedthehouseasabaseforhisprintingbusiness.他把房子用作印刷业的基地。[学问拓展](1)base...on/upon 把……建立在……的基础上bebasedon/upon 以……为基础/依据(2)basisn. 基础，主要成分(3)basicadj. 基本的；基础的(4)basedadj.以……为基础的，以……为重要部分的[即学即练]单句语法填空/一句多译①Wealwaysbaseourideaon/uponfacts.②Thesuggestionwasmadeonthebasis(base)ofsecond­handinformation.③Therighttoworkisabasic(base)rightofthecitizens.④这家餐厅以信任为基础，运转良好。a．Therestaurantis_based_on_trust,_anditisworkingallright.b．Based__on_trust,_therestaurantisworkingallright.[小片段填空]Basedonthedifferenttechnologies，teaisdividedintothreebasictypes.(base)学问要点4dateback(to...)追溯到(教材P62)Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu...它可以追溯到数千年前运用龙骨的时期……[例1]AsfarasIknow，theoldtowndatesfrom/backtotheearlyTangDynasty.据我所知，这个古老的城镇可追溯到初唐时期。[例2]ThereisawoodentowerdatingbacktotheQingDynastyinthevillage.村子里有一座清朝的木塔。[学问拓展](1)datebackto＝datefrom 追溯到……(2)outofdate 过时的，陈旧的(3)uptodate 最新的，最近的[名师点津](1)datefrom与datebackto都用主动语态，不用被动语态和进行时态，但可用动词­ing形式作定语、补语、状语等。(2)谈论现存的物品或建筑物时，虽然这一事物建立于过去某一时期，但datefrom和datebackto却用一般现在时。[即学即练]单句语法填空/一句多译①Ourfriendshipdates(date)backto1960.②Alotofnewwordsgooutofdateveryquickly.③IamveryuptodateonthissortofthingbecauseIlistentothenews.④追溯到唐朝的古老建筑保存得很好。a．Theoldbuildingdating_from/back_totheTangDynastyisingoodcondition.b.Theoldbuildingwhichdates_from/back_totheTangDynastyisingoodcondition.学问要点5varietyn．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化(教材P62)Overtheyears，thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms，asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically，leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.随着时间的推移，书写体系发展成不同的形式，因为那时人们居住在不同的地理区域，导致了多种方言和文字的形成。[例1]Inmyfreetime，I'dliketotakeexercise，suchasswimming，runningandavarietyofballgames.在业余时间，我喜爱熬炼，例如：游泳、跑步和各种各样的球类运动。[例2]Susan'sideaoffreedomwastohavevarietyinherlifestyle.苏珊心目中的自由就是拥有多样的生活。[学问拓展](1)avarietyof＝varietiesof 多种多样的(2)variousadj. 不同的；各种各样的forvariousreasons 由于种种缘由(3)varyvt.&vi. varyfrom...to...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theauthorgavevarious(vary)resonsforhavingwrittenthebook.②Wehavevarieties(variety)offlowersinourgarden.③Teachingmethodsvarygreatlyfromschooltoschool.[小片段填空]Awidevarietyofactivitieshavebeenofferedtovariousstudentsafterclassinthelastthreemonths.Theseactivitiesvaryfromplayingtabletennistoplayingchess.(vary)学问要点6meansn．方式；方法；途径(教材P62)WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.书写汉语也成为联系中国现在与过去的一种重要形式。[例1]ThereisnodoubtthatWeChatisanimportantmeansofcommunication.毫无疑问，微信是一种重要的沟通工具。[例2]Studentsbuilduptheirvocabulariesbymeansofreading.学生通过阅读的方法增加词汇量。[学问拓展](1)ameansofcommunication 一种通讯/沟通工具(2)bythismeans 通过这种方法bymeansof 用……方法；借助……bynomeans决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Everypossiblemeanshas_been_tried(try)，butnonehasworked.②Allpossiblemeanshave_been_tried(try)，butnonehasworked.③Thefirefightersputoutthebigfireby_means_of(借助)thisscientificmethod.④By_no_means(绝不)canyougiveupwhenyouareintrouble.学问要点7regardn．敬重；关注vt.把……视为；看待(教材P62)ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartform，knownasChinesecalligraphy，whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.中国人对中国书写体系的高度重视体现在汉字的发展中，汉字作为一种艺术形式，被熟知为中国书法，已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。[例1]IregardthisnovelasoneofthebestoneIhaveeverread.我认为这是我读过的最好的小说中的一部。[例2]Myroommateshowslittleregardforothers.我的室友很少关切别人。[学问拓展](1)regard/consider...as... 认为……是……(2)havehigh/noregardfor... 高度关注/无视……with/inregardtosth. 关于某事giveone'sregardstosb. 向某人致意；代……向某人问候(3)regardingprep. 关于，至于[即学即练]单句语法填空①Nooneshowedtheleastregardto/forhisfeelings.②ThegiantpandaisregardedasthesymbolofChengdu.③IfyoueverseeGeorge,givehimmykindregards(regard)．④Thegovernmenthasdeclareditsstrongpositionregarding(regard)thepreventionofriverpollution.学问要点8appreciatevt.观赏；重视；感谢；领悟vi.增值(教材P62)AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs，anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina'scultureandhistorythroughthisamazinglanguage.随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生起先通过汉语这一奇异的语言了解和观赏中国的文化和历史。[例1]Manypeoplecan'tfullyappreciatetheimportanceofregularexercise.很多人没有充分相识到定期熬炼的重要性。[例2]Iwouldappreciateyoucallingbackthisafternoon.＝Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldcallbackthisafternoon.假如今日下午你能回电话，我将不胜感谢。[学问拓展](1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.­ing 重视/感谢……Iwouldappreciateitif... 假如……，我将不胜感谢(2)appreciationn. 观赏；感谢[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Iappreciatebeing_given(give)theopportunitytoworkinyourcompanytwoyearsago.②Igreatlyappreciateyourbringing(bring)mesomuchenjoyment.③HereIsincerelyexpressmyappreciation(appreciate)ifyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.④I'd_appreciate_it_ifyouletmeknowwhetheryouarefreeinadvance.假如你提前告知我你是否有空我将不胜感谢。[小片段填空]Haveyoueverdreamedofperforminginfrontofthousandsofpeopleataconcert，atwhicheveryoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic？Thisappreciationsurelycanmotivateyoutodoyourbest.(appreciate)SentencePatterns重点句式1“of＋抽象名词”结构(教材P62)Thatwritingsystemwasof_great_importanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.该书写体系对于统一中国人民和中国文化都具有重要意义。[句式分析]ofgreatimportance属于“of＋抽象名词”结构，相当于veryimportant。[例1]Whatyouaresayingisofnointerest(＝notinteresting)tome.你说的话让我提不起爱好。[例2]Hisopinionisconsideredtobeofgreatvalue(＝veryvaluable)．大家一样认为他的观点很有价值。[学问拓展](1)名词是use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/benefit/necessity等时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词，这类名词前可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰。(2)名词是age/shape/colour/size/kind/type/price/height/depth/width/length/weight等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，这类名词前可用thesame，different，good等修饰。[即学即练]句型转换/完成句子①Smokingisofnobenefittoyou.→Smokingisnot_beneficialtoyou.②Thislineisaslongasthatone.→Thetwolinesareof_the_same_length.③IfeelhappythattheworkI'mdoingisof_much_value.我很兴奋，我做的这项工作特别有价值。④Yourskirtisof_the_same_sizewithminebutof_different_colours.你的裙子和我的裙子大小相同但颜色不同。⑤Theseflagsareof_different_colours.这些旗帜颜色不同。⑥Havingtheanswersreadywill_be_of_great_help.打算好答案会很有帮助。重点句式2nomatterwhere/what...引导让步状语从句(教材P62)Eventoday，no_matter_whereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak，theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.即使在今日，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行沟通。[句式分析]Nomatterhow/what/when...，引导让步状语从句。[例1]Nomatterhowdifficulttheproblemis，weshouldnotloseheart.无论问题有多难，我们都不应当丢失信念。[例2]Nomatterwhat/Whateveryousay，Iwon'tbelieveyouanylonger.无论你说什么，我再也不信任你了。[学问拓展](1)nomatterhow意为“不管；无论如何”，引导让步状语从句，相当于however。(2)“nomatter＋特别疑问词(如who/what/where/when等)”均可引导让步状语从句，可与特别疑问词­ever等词互换。(3)“疑问词＋ever”可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。[即学即练]句型转换/完成句子①Howeverlateitis,hismotherisalwayswaitingforhim.→No_matter_how_late_it_is，hismotherisalwayswaitingforhim.②Whoever/No_matter_who_you_are，youmustobeythelaw.不论你是谁，你必需遵遵守法律律。③Iwouldliketoreadwhichever__book__you_recommend.无论你举荐哪本书，我都想读。1．Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilisationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes，despitethemanyupsanddownsinitshistory.[分析]本句为复合句，which引导定语从句，修饰civilisation；despite是介词，构成介词短语作状语。[译文]尽管在历史上经验了多次盛衰，但始终持续至今的古老文明让中国著名世界。2．Overtheyears，thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms，asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically，leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.[分析]本句主句为：the_system_developed_into_different_forms;_as引导缘由状语从句，缘由状语从句包含一个when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词time；leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters为v.­ing作结果状语。[译文]随着时间的推移，书写体系发展成不同的形式，因为那时人们居住在不同的地理区域，导致了多种方言和文字的形成。教材高考1.Atthebeginning，writtenChinesewasapicture­basedlanguage.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)2.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu—animalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.Orangetreesaremorethandecoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)3.Imustmakemyrequestlonger—andImustmakeitaquestion，notademand...Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激)，demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.(2024·浙江卷)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.You'dbetterlearnsomebasic(base)Chinesebeforeyoucometoourschool.Onlyinthiswaycanyougetusedtothelifeheresoon.2．—Didyouenjoyyourselflastnight?—Yes.Iappreciatebeing_invited(invite)toyourbirthdayparty.3．Asaresult，weoftentakepartinvarieties(various)ofafter­schoolactivities.4．Chinesewritingwasfirstdonebycarving(carve)symbolsonbonesandshells.5．Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming，is_regarded(regard)asoneofthebestformsofexercise.6．Weneedtoholdbackglobal(globe)warmingandprepareforitsbadeffects.7．SometimesIenjoyplaying(play)thepiano，butsometimesIfinditreallyboring.8．Allpossiblemeanswillbe_tried(try)tofindawaytosettletheproblem.9．Whatisyourattitudetowards/toseniorhighstudentstakingupapart­timejob?10．Asisknowntous，thepandaisnativetoChina.Ⅱ.短语填空upsanddowns，ofgreatimportance，basedon，anumberof，datebackto，referto，varietiesof，bymeansof，regardedas，accordingto1．It'sof_great_importancetostudyEnglishwell.2．Thecompanyhasundergonemanyups_and_downs.3．Varieties_ofbooksarebeingsoldatthisbookshop.4．Themarathonrace_dates_back_toawarbetweenthePersianEmpireandtheGreeks.5．Thisnovelisbased_on