2024-2025学年新教材高中英语UNIT3SPORTSANDFITNESS教学知识细解码学案含解析新人教版必修第一册

UNIT3SPORTSANDFITNESS1．fitvt.&vi.合身；适合adj.健康的；合适的→fitnessn2．hostvt.主办；主持n.主子；东道主；节目主持人→hostessn．女主子；女老板；女服务员3．gymn．健康房；体育馆→gymnasticsn．体操(训练)4．honourn．荣誉；敬重；荣幸→honourableadj.光荣的；高尚的5．championn．冠军；优胜者→championshipn．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号6．determinevt.确定；判决→determinationn．决心；确定→determinedadj.坚决的；下定决心的7．injurevt.使受伤；损害→injuredadj.受伤的；有伤的→injuryn．损害；损伤8．gracen．优雅；魅力→gracefuladj.美丽的；优雅的9．strengthn．力气；体力→strongadj.强壮的→strengthenvt.加强；巩固10．failv．失败；不及格→failuren．失败；失败的人(或事物)1．workout熬炼；计算出；解决；制订出①Iworkoutregularlytokeepfit.熬炼②Youhavetoworkoutaplanasquicklyaspossible.制订出③Youcanworkouttheanswerbyaddingallthenumbers.计算出④Tomcameupwithawaytoworkoutthephysicalproblem.解决2．makeit获得成功；准时到达；出现①Shemadeitinfilmswhenshewasstillateenager.获得成功②Wejustmadeitintimeforthewedding.准时到达③Ican'tmakeitonFriday.出现；到场3．eventn．竞赛项目；重大事情；公开活动①Themostattractiveeventinthesportsmeetwasthegymnasticscompetition.竞赛项目②Adaughter'smarriageisquiteaneventforafather.重大事情③Ourteacherencouragesustotakeanactivepartinallkindsofsocialevents.公开活动WordsandPhrases学问要点1comealong跟随；到达；进步；赶快；出现(教材P36)Wouldyouliketocomealong?你想要跟着去吗？[例1]HeiscomingalongwellinEnglish.他在英语上进步很大。[例2]Comealong！Thereislittletime.快点！时间不多了。[学问拓展]comeup(with) 想出；提出comeabout 发生comeacross 穿过(路、桥)；(偶然)遇见；发觉comeout 出来；(书等)出版；发行cometo 醒悟；总计；达到；谈到cometrue 实现[即学即练]用come的相关短语完成下面情景YesterdaywhenIwaswalkingalongthestreet，Icame_across(遇见)Tom；hecame_up(走近)andtoldmethathisbookwouldcome_out(出版)thenextweek，andthathisdreamwouldcome_true(实现)．HehappilyinvitedmeforadrinkandaskedmeifIwouldliketocome_along(一起去)．学问要点2setanexample树立榜样(教材P38)Theymustbeathleteswhoaremastersintheirsportsandalsosetgoodexamplesforothers.他们作为运动员必需是自己体育项目上的佼佼者，并且也为他人树立了良好的榜样。[例1]Youshouldbesettinganexampletoyourlittlebrother.你应当为你弟弟树立榜样。[例2]WeshouldfollowJim'sexampleandworkhard.我们应当以吉姆为榜样，努力工作。[学问拓展]followsb.'sexample 学某人的样子；以某人为榜样beanexampletosb. 成为某人的榜样forexample 例如giveanexample 举例[即学即练]用example的相关短语完成句子①WeChinesepeopleareallcalledontolearnfromLeiFeng，whowethinksets_a_good_exampletoallofus.②Wemademanyimprovementstoourhouse；for_example，wepaintedthewallsandboughtnewcarpets.③There'salotinwhatyousay，butpleasegive_an_example.学问要点3honourn．敬重；崇敬；荣幸；荣誉vt.敬重；敬重(教材P38)Asaplayer，LangPingbroughthonourandglorytohercountry.作为一名运动员，郎平为祖国争光，赢得了荣誉。[例1]Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthosewhodiedintheterribledisaster.下个月，该市将开放一个新公园，以纪念在这场重大灾难中遇难的人们。[例2]Itismyhonourtobeheretosharewithyoumyopinionsonwhattolearnatseniorhigh.我很荣幸能在这里与你共享关于中学要学习什么的看法。[学问拓展](1)inhonourof/inone'shonour为了表示对……的敬意；为了纪念……havethehonourtodo/ofdoing... 有幸做……It'sanhonourtodo... 很荣幸做……(2)be/feelhonouredtodo/ofdoing... 为做……而感到荣幸(3)honourableadj. 光荣的；高尚的；敬重的[即学即练]单句语法填空/句型转换①Ifeelhonoured(honour)tobeinvitedtogiveyoualectureonhowtoimproveEnglishreadingskills.②Ihavethehonourto_make(make)aspeechtowelcometherespectedguests.③WecelebrateTeachers'Dayeveryyearinhonourofteachers.④IfeelitagreathonourthatIwillbeinvitedtospeakatthemeetingbeforesomanystudents.→Ifeelitagreathonourto_be_invited_to_speakatthemeetingbeforesomanystudents.(改成非谓语动词形式)学问要点4fallapart裂开；裂开；崩溃(教材P38)TheteamthatLangPinghadbuiltwasfallingapart.郎平一手打造的队伍正在分崩离析。[例1]Ithinkthisoldchairisfallingapart.我觉得这把旧椅子要散架了。[例2]Theyusedtobeclosefriends，butfellapartnotlongago.她们曾经是密切的挚友，但不久前关系裂开了。[学问拓展]falldown 摔倒falloff 从……上掉下来fallbehind 落后；跟不上fallover 跌倒；绊倒fallinto 养成；染上fallout (头发等)脱落；吵翻[小片段填空]Abananaskinfell_offthetable.Thelittlegirldidn'tseeit.Shesteppedonitandfell_over.Whatwasworse，herbowlbrokeintopieces.Quickly，hermotherraninandpickedherup.Ifshefalls_intothehabitofdependingonparentsineverything，thegirlwillfall_behindothersintime.香蕉皮从桌子上掉下来。小女孩没有望见。她踩到上面滑倒了。更糟的是，她的碗摔成了碎片。她妈妈立即跑进来扶起她。假如小女孩养成事事依靠父母的习惯，她迟早会落后于其他孩子的。学问要点5loseheart丢失信念；泄气(教材P38)Losingtwoimportantplayerswasabigchallenge，butLangPingdidnotloseheart.失去两名得力干将是个严峻的挑战，但郎平没有垂头丧气。[例1]Thoughbeatenbythevisitingteam，theydidn'tloseheart.虽然被客队击败，但他们没有丢失信念。[例2]Inspiteofsomanydifficulties，theyneverloseheart.尽管有这么多困难，但他们从未失去信念。[学问拓展](1)loseone'sheartto 爱上……putone'sheartinto 一心扑在……上learnsth.byheart 背诵；记牢……oone'sheart 使……刻骨铭心(2)heartandsoul 一心一意地fromthebottomofone'sheart 从某人的心底[即学即练]单句语法填空①Tomputhisheartintothewildliferesearch,andfinally,hiseffortearnedhiminternationalrespect.②Youhavelearnedthepoembyheart,butitdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthatyouhavefullyunderstooditsmeaning.③Idon'twanttogoawaywithoutthankingyoufromthebottomofmyheart.[小片段填空]Whenhewasachild，helost_his_heart_towritingpoems.Thoughheput_his_heart_intopoetryformanyyears，itseemedasifnothinghadbeenachieved.However，hewouldneverlose_heart.当他还是个孩子时就爱上了写诗。尽管多年来他一心一意地写诗，但看起来似乎还是一无所成。然而，他恒久不会灰心。学问要点6failuren．失败；失败的人(或事物)；故障(教材P38)Jordansaysthatthesecrettohissuccessislearningfromhisfailures.乔丹说，他成功的秘诀就是从失败中吸取教训。[例1]Itwasevidentthatthepolicywasafailure.很明显，这个政策是失败的。[例2]Idon'tthinkIamafailurebecauseIbelievefailureisthemotherofsuccess.我认为我不是一个失败者，因为我信任失败是成功之母。[学问拓展](1)endinfailure 以失败告终heartfailure 心脏衰竭(2)failv.失败；未能；失灵；不足；缺乏；突然失去failtodo... 未能做……failin... 在……中失败[名师点津](1)failure作“失败”讲时是不行数名词，表示抽象意义；作“失败者，失败的事”讲时是可数名词，表示详细意义。这种用法被称为“抽象名词的详细化”。(2)类似用法的词有：单词不行数可数success成功成功的人/事danger危急危急的人/因素surprise惊讶意想不到的事business生意企业beauty漂亮美人[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Asforstudentslikeus,weshouldhaveagoodattitudetowardsfailure(fail)．②Idon'tthinktheexperimentisafailure，becauseithasprovideduswithavaluableexperienceforfuturetests.③Hefailed_to_pass_the_exam,_whichmadehisparentsveryangry.他考试不及格，这使他的父母很生气。学问要点7giveup放弃；倒戈(教材P38)Losinggamestaughthimtopractiseharderandnevergiveup.竞赛失利教会了他更加努力的训练和永不放弃。[例1]Itriedtopersuadehimtogiveupsmoking，butfailed.我试图劝服他戒烟，但失败了。[例2]Shedecidedtogiveupherjobandstartacoffeebar.她确定辞去工作，开一家咖啡馆。[学问拓展]giveaway 分发；赠送；泄露giveback 归还giveoff 发出(光、热、声音、气味等)giveout 分发；用完；耗尽givein 屈服；倒戈；让步；上交[即学即练]单句语法填空①Onceyouhavemadeupyourmindtodosomething，you'dbetternotgiveup.②AtfirstRobertwouldn'tlethisdaughtergodiving,buteventuallyhegaveinasshewassoconfidentaboutherskills.③Studentsweregladtogiveawaysomeoftheirbookstochildreninpoormountainousareas.④Herradioisgivingoutastrangesignal.⑤Therottingappleusuallygivesoffabadsmell.SentencePatterns重点句式1seemtodo似乎……(教材P38)Inthefinalsecondsofagame,Jordanalwaysseemed_to_findawaytowin.在竞赛的最终几秒钟，乔丹似乎总是能找到获胜的方法。[句式分析]本句是一个简洁句。Inthefinalsecondsofagame是介词短语作时间状语，主句是主系表结构，towin是动词不定式短语作定语修饰way。[例1]Mr.Blackseemedtobequitehappy.布莱克先生似乎非常欢乐。[例2]Thelittleboyseemstoknowtheanswertothequestion.那个小男孩似乎知道问题的答案。[学问拓展](1)主语＋seem＋(tobe)＋表语，表语多为名词或形容词，有时是其他的词或短语，以说明主语的特征或状态。(2)Itseems＋that从句，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。(3)There＋seemtobe＋名词，其中tobe可省略。seem的单复数形式要依据后面作主语的名词的单复数形式而定。(4)Itseemsthatnooneknowswhathashappenedinthepark.似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么。Thereseemstobemuchhopeofourbeatingthatteam.看来我们有很大的希望战胜那个队。[即学即练]完成句子①MrsWhitedoesn'tseem_to_liketheidea.怀特夫人似乎不太喜爱这个办法。②Thechildrenseemedto_be_readingintheroom.孩子们似乎正在房间里读书。③Theyoungmanseemedto_have_changedmuch.这个年轻人看起来改变很大。重点句式2现在完成进行时(教材P38)TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohas_been_helpingyoungpeoplesince1996.他(乔丹)在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今始终在帮助年轻人。[句式分析]本句主句时态为现在完成进行时，这一时态主要用于表示过去起先并始终持续的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行。[例1]Ihavebeenringingyouseveraltimesintwodays.这两天我给你打过好几次电话。[例2]Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening，wehavebeentryingtomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.自从人类开创园艺工作以来，我们始终在努力使我们的环境更加漂亮。[学问拓展]现在完成进行时由“have/hasbeen＋现在分词”构成，其基本用法如下：(1)表示从过去某一时间起先，始终持续到现在的动作，并且仍在进行。(2)表示从过去某时起先始终持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。(3)现在完成进行时有时所表示的动作并不是始终在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。[即学即练]完成句子①TheChinesehave_been_making_paperfornearlytwothousandyears.中国有将近2000年的造纸历史。②Ihave_been_learning_Englishsincethreeyearsago.自从三年前以来我始终在学英语。③Wehave_been_waiting_for_youforhalfanhour.我们已经等你半个小时了。④Greatchangeshave_taken_place_sinceyouleft.你离开后，发生了巨大的改变。1．Theymustbeathleteswhoaremastersintheirsportsandalsosetgoodexamplesforothers.[分析]本句为复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰athletes。从句中are和set是并列谓语。[译文]他们作为运动员必需是自己体育项目上的佼佼者，并且也为他人树立了良好的榜样。2．Shehadfaceddifficultiesbefore，andsheknewthatheryoungplayerscouldwiniftheyworkedtogetherasateam.[分析]本句是由and连接的两个并列句，后一个句子中that从句作knew的宾语，同时that从句中又有一个if引导的条件状语从句。[译文]她曾面对多数艰难困苦，知道年轻队员们只要团结一样，定能夺取成功。教材高考1.Asaplayer，LangPingbroughthonourandglorytohercountry.Throughitall，sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonours.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)2.Anathleteshouldthinkabouthonourandhis/herfansifhe/sheiscompetingforhis/hercountry.Museumsmustcompeteforpeople'ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)3.Youcanmakeit.SheleftbeforeIcouldevenmakeittothedoortooffermythanks.(2024·天津卷)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thesuccessorfailure(fail)oftheplandependsonyou.2．IttookSusanweekstoregainherstrength(strong)afterabadillness.3．Theboyisathletic,especiallygoodatfootballandhaswonmanymedals(medal)．4．Iwokeupsweating(sweat)andnervous，butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.5．Hefoughttheillnesswithcourageanddetermination(determine)．6.Thenumberofpeopledoingfitness(fit)trainingisontheincrease.7．IamluckyasIamoneofthehosts(host)．8．Suchamanisanhonourtohiscountry.9．Two­thirdsofpeoplediedorwereinjured(injure)duringtheearthquake.10．Hehas_been_cycling(cycle)toworkforthelastthreeweeks.Ⅱ.短语填空comealong，trackandfield，workout，fallapart，loseheart，makeit，setanexample，preparefor，share...with...，giveup1．HisspokenEnglishhas_come_alongalotrecently.2．Heworks_outeverydaytobuilduphisstrength.3．Heisafraidthattheirmarriagewillfall_apart.4．LangPingset_an_exampleforalltheathletesathomeandabroad.5．IbelieveIcanmake_ittothetopofthemountain.6．Hedidn'tlose_hearteventhoughhewasbeatenmanytimes.7．Shewantedtobeadoctor,butaseriouseyeproblemforcedhertogive_up.8．Hewonseveralmedalsinthetr