2024高考英语一轮复习词汇语篇模式主题语境三人与自然Topic44生物教学案含作业

PAGETopic44生物1.植物(Plants)wheat,bamboo,biological,botanical,corn,maple,pine,bush,weed,truck,root,seed,branch,leaf,cell,fibre,organ,absorb,comeout,grow,harvest,giveout,takein,plant,________['spiːʃiːz]642.动物(Animals)insect,animal,beast,creature,pest,fierce,________[reə(r)]28,domestic,worm,ant,sparrow,seagull,rooster,goose,turkey,squirrel,cattle，bee,butterfly,bird,eagle,frog,dinosaur,lion，shark,wing,tail,fly,________[ə'tæk]70,food,feedon,raise,givebirthto,bite,produce,hatch,chase3.生物爱护(BiologicalConservation)________[prə'tekt]84,law,reserve,wildlife,remote,act,benativeto,behometo,inthewild,behavioral,endangered,indangerof,dieout,________['reskjuː]31,evolution,convert,change...into,________[Ik'stIŋkt]3,degree,breed,________[dI'fiːt]22,survive,prohibit4.生物技术(BiologicalTechnology)bacterium,virus,breakthrough,makeabreak－through,clone,controversial,biochemistry,gene,carrier5.意义影响(Influence)__________[triːt]68,foodchain,cure,disease,illness,playanimportantpartin,function,status,________['menʃn]80,________[ə'dæpt]35,adapttospecies;rare;attack;protect;rescue;extinct;defeat;treat;mention;adaptrare①It'sextremelyrareforittobethishotinApril.②(2024·天津高考)Theyarekeentoseerarebirdsatthedestination.(1)用rare的适当形式填空①Tom________goestootherplacesexceptfortheoffice.②Thelandishometoagreatdiversityof________plantsandanimals.答案：①rarely②rare(2)单句写作①玛丽有一张宝贵的邮票。Maryhas____________________.②我很少听到这样离奇的故事。Rarely____________________suchastrangestory.③难得发觉这样一群好玩的人。____________________suchaninterestinggroupofpeople.答案：①ararestamp②haveIheard③Itisraretofind(1)adj.稀有的；希奇的notdone,seen,happening,etc.veryoften(2)adj.希奇的；宝贵的existingonlyinsmallnumbersandthereforevaluableorinterestingarareplant/sight罕有的植物/景象ararebook/coin/stamp珍奇的书/硬币/邮票Itisrare(forsb./sth.)to_dosth.(某人/物)做某事是罕见的rarelyadv.罕有；很少；不常rarely位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，有类似用法的否定副词还有never,little,seldom,hardly等。attack①(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.②(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Whenastudentattacksaprofessoronthesocialmedia,thelanguageusedactuallysaysmoreaboutthestudent.(1)介词填空①Thepolicearemakingamajorattack________drugdealers.②Thevillagecame________attacklastnight.答案：①on②under(2)单句写作①Thecityiseasyto____________________(被……攻击)thestormfromthePacificOcean.②Thenewspapers____________________(抨击)thepresidentbecauseofthenewlaw.答案：①beattackedby②madeanattackon(1)n.攻击；攻击anactofusingviolencetotrytohurtorkillsb.(2)v.攻击；攻击touseviolencetotrytohurtorkillsb.makeanattackon对……发动攻击be/comeunderattack遭遇攻击protect①(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.②Theregulationsaremadetoprotectwomen'sandchildren'srightsandinterests.(1)单句语法填空①Troopshavebeensenttoprotectaidworkers________attack.②Theyhuddledtogethertoprotectthemselves________thewind.③Theytraveled________theprotectionofanumberofsoldiers.答案：①against②from③under(2)选词填空：defend/guard/protect①They________thebuildingagainststrangers.②Hisheadwas________byahelmet.③Weshould________ourhomelandwhensheisattacked.答案：①guarded②protected③defend(3)单句写作①她用手遮住太阳以爱护她的眼睛。She____________________thesunwithherhand.②那些被子不能使你御寒。Thosequiltsdon'tgiveyoumuch____________________thecold.③他们穿着雨衣以防淋雨。Theyworeraincoatsasa____________________.答案：①protectedhereyesfrom②protectionagainst③protectionagainst/fromtherain(1)v.爱护；防护tomakesurethatsb./sth.isnotharmed,injured,damaged,etc.(2)v.(制定法律)爱护tointroducelawsthatmakeitillegaltokill,harmordamageaparticularanimal,areaofland,building,tect...against/from...爱护……免受……protectionn.爱护；防卫protectionagainst/from爱护……免受……undertheprotectionof＝undersb.'sprotection在……的爱护下protect/defend/guardprotect指实行肯定措施，运用某些器具以爱护人或物免遭损害，运用广泛defend着重指用武力抵挡攻击和侵扰；另表示“为……辩护”guard强调通过看管警戒，以确保平安rescue①(2024·江苏高考)Herresponsibility,herprivilege,wouldbetorescueit.②Awealthybenefactorcametotheirrescuewithagenerousdonation.(1)介词填空①Helicoptersrescuednearly20people________theroofoftheburningbuilding.②Hegotapurchaseonabranchuntilwecame________hisrescue.答案：①from②to(2)单句写作①派出了救生艇去营救沉船上的船员。Thelifeboatwassentoutto____________________________________.②我们来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。__________________________andpulledhimoutoftheriver.答案：①rescuethesailorfromthesinkingship②Wecametohisrescue(1)vt.营救；援救；抢救tosavesb./sth.fromadangerousorharmfulsituation(2)n.救援；营救；抢救；获救theactofsavingsb./sth.fromadangerousordifficultsituation;thefactofbeingsavedrescuesb./sth.from...把……从……营救出来cometosb.'srescue(＝rescuesb.)援救某人defeat①(2024·天津高考)IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.②Theinstructionmanualcompletelydefeatedme.(1)选词填空：defeat/beat/win①He________thefirstprizeforhisinvention.②We________theirteamby10points.③Americans________theBritishatYorktown,Virginia1781.答案：①won②beat/defeated③defeated(2)单句写作①IfIleftmyjob,Iwouldbe________________(认输了)．②Thegoalkeeperwasblamedfor__________________(球队的惜败)．答案：①admittingdefeat②theteam'snarrowdefeat(1)vt.击败；战胜towinagainstsb.inawar,competition,sportsgame,etc.(2)vt.使困惑；难住ifsth.defeatsyou,youcannotunderstanditadmitdefeat认输abig/bad/heavydefeat大败anarrowdefeat惜败defeat/beat/windefeat和beat都可跟sb.,一般可互换，defeat既可指竞赛，也可指战场上战胜对手beat侧重于竞赛中击败对手win后可接竞赛、辩论、战斗等，表示“荣获，赢得”treat①Wetookthekidstothezooasaspecialtreat.②(2015·北京高考)—Didyouenjoytheparty?—Yes.Weweretreatedwellbyourhosts.③Treatyourkeyboardwithcareanditshouldlastforyears.④(2024·北京高考)TheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.⑤(2024·天津高考)Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere.(1)依据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义①Shewastreatedonpenicillin(盘尼西林)forsixweeksandmadeaverygoodrecovery.________②Idecidetotreatyoutoicecreams.________③Theirparentscontinuetotreatthemaschildren.________④It'satreattomeetyouhere.________答案：①治疗；医治②款待；款待③对待④乐事；乐趣(2)单句语法填空①Allvisitorstothisvillagearetreated________kindness.②Iwishyouwouldstoptreatingme________achild!③Don'tworryaboutthecost—itis________(I)treat.答案：①with②like/as③my(3)语段写作Tom____________________(正在一所闻名的医院接受治疗)where____________________(医生们对他很好).Allthedoctors____________________(把他当作孩子看待)andeven____________________(请他吃一些水果).Inaddition,theyallhavegoodmannersandtheyareneverfedupwithanyone.Tomthinksthathewillrecoversoon.答案：isbeingtreatedinafamoushospital;thedoctorstreathimwell;treathimas/likeachild;treathimtosomefruits(1)n.乐事；乐趣；款待somethingverypleasantandenjoyable,especiallysth.thatyougivesomeoneordoforthem(2)vt.款待；款待；请(客)；买(可享受的东西)topayforsth.thatsb./youwillenjoyandthatyoudonotusuallyhaveordo(3)vt.以……看法对待；以……方式对待tobehaveinaparticularwaytowardssb./sth.(4)vt.治疗；医治totrytocureanillnessorinjurybyusingdrugs,hospitalcare,operationsetc.(5)vt.把……看作；把……视为todealwith,regard,orconsidersomethinginaparticularwayⅠ.七选五(2024·西藏拉萨市高三第三次模拟)GoinggreenLizzyGreene'sofficialwebsitesaysitall:“Actress,Artist&AnimalLover.”At13,Lizzyhasperformedinchildren'stheater,andsheisatrainedgymnast.SheismostknownforherroleasDawnHarperonNickelodeon'sNicky,Ricky,Dicky&Dawn.NowLizzyistakingonanotherrole—asavoiceforanimals.__1__Shegrewupwithdogs,andherfamily'spetisa110­poundGermanshepherd(牧羊犬)namedJett.Ontheshow,Lizzysharesthescreenwithalovable20­pounddognamedSquishyPaws.Insecondgrade,shestationedherselfoutsideherschooltoaskfordonationstoalocalanimalshelter.__2__NowLizzyisalsospeakingoutforfarmanimals.She'srecentlyjoinedTheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates'MeatlessMondaymovement.SheencouragesyoungpeopletotakeabreakfromeatingmeatonMondays.__3__Andshe'sencouragingtheunder­20crowdtotakepart.Lizzyknowsthatraisinganimalsformeatcausespollution,usesalotofnaturalresourceslikewaterandalsoharmsanimals.__4__Choosingmeat­freemealsonedayaweekisalsoagreatwaytofeelhealthy.ManyK­12schoolsuniversitiesandhospitalsnationwidehavestartedMeatlessMondayprograms.“It'ssoeasytoloveanimals.”Lizzysays.__5__Forsomekid­and­animal­friendlymeatlessrecipes(食谱),visithumanesociety.org/kindnews.A．It'seasytoeatanimal­friendlyfoods,too.B．Lizzyhasonlyjustbegunherbrightcareer.C．AnimalshavealwaysbeenabigpartofLizzy'slife.D．AndLizzysaysshehasalwayswantedtohelpanimals.E．Cuttingmeatfromourdietonceaweekhelpstheenvironment—andanimals.F．Kids'breakfastcanbeassimpleastryingavegetableburgerinsteadofahamburger.G．Afterthemovement,Lizzysaysshewantstosaveafewmorelivesandforcehumanstoeathealthier.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了一个小女孩演员Lizzy为爱护动物所做的努力。动物是人类密切的挚友(closefriendsofhumanbeings)，人类是动物信任的伙伴(trustedcompanionsofanimals)。我们每个人都可以从身边做起，关爱小动物。1．C设空处为本段的总结句，依据设空处后两句可知，Lizzy和家里的牧羊犬一起长大、和一只叫SquishyPaws的狗一起演出，所以C项(动物始终是Lizzy生活中的重要组成部分)符合文意。故选C。2．D依据设空处上一句可知，她向当地动物收容所申请捐款；依据设空处下一句可知她为家畜发声，所以D项(而且Lizzy说她始终想帮助动物)承上启下，符合文意。故选D。3．G依据设空处上一句可知，Lizzy想要激励年轻人周一不吃肉；依据设空处下一句可知Lizzy激励20岁以下群体参与，所以G项(儿童的早餐可以简洁地吃蔬菜汉堡来替代牛肉汉堡)符合文意。故选G。4．E依据设空处上一句可知，Lizzy认为养用来吃肉的动物会污染环境、奢侈水、损害动物；依据设空处下一句可知每周选择一天全素食也有利于健康。所以E项(每周从我们的饮食中削减食肉量对环境和动物都有帮助)符合文意。故选E。5．A依据设空处上一句可知，Lizzy认为酷爱动物是简洁的；设空处下一句介绍了有对儿童和动物友好的素食食谱的网站。所以A项(吃对动物友好的食物也是简洁的)符合文意。故选A。①gymnastn.体操运动员②takeon担当；具有③stationoneself驻扎(第一段最终一句)NowLizzyistakingonanotherrole—asavoiceforanimals.现在，Lizzy有了另一个身份——为动物发声者。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·江苏高考改编)Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage.Therearespecies(物种)thatare__1__everyday.Thewhite­napedcraneisatypicalexample.Soscientistsaretryingtheirbestto__2__thespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence.ChrisandTimworkatazoo,helpingendangeredcraneswiththeir__3__.Emma,afemalecrane,hasbeenintheir__4__sinceshearrivedin2004.Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawas__5__byhumancaretakers.Thisledtoanunexpected__6__，thoughshehadawonderfultimethere.Emmahadnevertakenherselfasacraneandbecomedeeplyattachedtohumans.She__7__tolivewithmalecranes,andevenhada__8__forkillingsomeofthem,whichmadeitimpossibleforhertobecomeamother.However,thetwozookeepersdidn'twanttoseetheextinction(灭亡)ofthispreciousspecies.Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopeda__9__ofartificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.This__10__Emmatogivebirthtofivebabycranes.Thetwokeepersareproudoftheirproductivework.Butbeforetheycanbe__11__，moreeffortsmustbemade,becausethepopulationofthecraneinthewildisonthedecline,andmanyotherspeciesappearheadedtowardextinc­tion.__12__，noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.Howcanwe__13__theever­wideninggapthatseparatesusfromotheranimals?ChrisandTimofferedustheanswer：humanbeingstookitforgrantedthattheir__14__heldallthesolutions,butmaybetheirheartscanbeabetter__15__.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了人类为挽救濒危野生动物白枕鹤所做的努力。1．A.growing B．migratingC．competing D．disappearing答案：D由后文列举的面临灭亡的野生动物白枕鹤的例子可知，每天都有物种在消逝(disappear)，故选D项。2．A.ban B．saveC．split D．remove答案：B由下文提到的Chris和Tim为挽救白枕鹤所做的努力可知，科学家们始终在尽最大努力挽救(save)这些物种免于灭亡。savesb./sth.fromdoingsth.“挽救某人/某物免于做某事”，是固定搭配。bansb.fromdoingsth.“禁止某人做某事”。3．A.abortion B．recreationC．reproduction D．administration答案：C由第四段中的“artificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction”可知，这两位饲养员帮助濒危的白枕鹤繁殖(reproduction)。4．A.care B．eyeC．mind D．story答案：A由下文的叙述可知，Chris和Tim在Emma来到动物园之后始终在照看她。inone'scare“由某人照管”，是固定搭配。另外，下文中的humancaretakers也给出了提示。5．A.found B．chosenC．raised D．seized答案：C由下文中的“becomedeeplyattachedtohumans”可知，她是由人类饲养(raise)大的。6．A.bonus B．consequenceC．victory D．sacrifice答案：B由though引导的让步状语从句“尽管她在那里过得很开心”可知，“她是由人类饲养大的”这一事实导致了意想不到的后果(consequence)。7．A.liked B．refusedC．decided D．hesitated答案：B既然Emma从来不把自己看作是一只鹤，那么她会拒绝(refuse)与雄鹤一起生活。8．A.gift B．skillC．concern D．reputation答案：DEmma特别依恋人类，她从来不把自己看作是一只鹤，拒绝与雄鹤一起生活，甚至会杀死一些雄鹤，并因此出了名。haveareputationfor“有……的名声”，是固定搭配。9．Abination B．collectionC．strategy D．system答案：A人工繁殖和自然繁殖是两种繁殖方式，此处指动物园饲养员把这两种方式胜利地结合起来了，故选combination(结合，联合)。10．A.forced B．forbadeC．taught D．enabled答案：D这种结合使Emma生了五只幼鹤。enablesb.todosth.“使某人做某事”，是固定搭配，且符合此处的语境。11．A.defeated B．gratefulC．assured D．tolerant答案：C由but表示的转折含义以及后面提到的“必需付出更多的努力”可知，他们现在还不能确定(assured)。12．A.Incontrast B．AfterallC．Bytheway D．Onthecontrary答案：B出现这种状况的缘由是，终归(afterall)不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想、有感情，最重要的是，还有同等的生存权利。13．A.leave B．bridgeC．open D．identify答案：B句意：我们怎样才能弥合我们与其他动物之间日益扩大的鸿沟呢？bridgethegap“消退隔阂/鸿沟/分歧”，是固定搭配。14．A.brains B．behaviorsC．services D．projects答案：A上文提到不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想、有感情，最重要的是，还有同等的生存权利，人类天经地义地认为他们的大脑(brain)拥有全部的解决方案。15．A.guide B．treatC．example D．companion答案：A人类天经地义地认为他们的大脑拥有全部的解决方案，但或许他们的心可以成为一个更好的向导(guide)。Ⅲ.语法填空(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence__1__theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen__2__(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000­25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods__3__trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid­1980s,andareexpensive__4__(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut__5__(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa__6__(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby__7__(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare__8__(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of__9__nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six__10__(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、亟须爱护的现状。1．that考查同位语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，说明说明evidence的详细内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。2．poorly考查词性转换。修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。3．of/for考查介词。amethodof/fordoingsth.“做某事的方法”。4．toperform考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。5．havereported考查动词的时态。依据句中的时间状语“inrecentyears”可推断用现在完成时。6．belief考查词性转换。依据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填believe的名词形式belief。7．noting考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。respondbydoingsth.“通过做某事回应”。8．higher考查形容词的比较级。依据空格后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。9．the考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故用定冠词the。10．are考查动词的时态和主谓一样。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；six指代sixpolarbearsubpopulations，谓语动词应用复数。【重点语法】Ⅳ.写作新题型——概要写作阅读下面短文，依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。HackingPlantsfortheFutureHackingisn'tjustforcomputersandsmartphones.Accordingtoastudy,scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant'sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday,theresultscouldincreasetheamountoffoodproducedaroundtheworld.PlantsuselessthanIpercentoftheenergyavailabletothem.Butbyhackingaplant'sgenes,scientistswereabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14and20percent.Specifically,scientistshackedtheplant'sprotectivesystem.Normally,thissystemisactivatedwhenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight.Whentheplantsensesthelight,itgetsridofextraenergyandcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade,theprotectivesystemisturnedoff.Buttheprocessisslow.StephenLongcomparedaplant'sprotectivesystemtolight­adjustingglasses.Whenapersonwearstheglassesoutsideduringtheday,thelensesdarkenandlightendependingonhowsunnyitis.Plantsdothesamething,hesaid.Butinplantstheadjustmentcantakeanywherefrom10minutestoanhour.Thismakesithardforplantstogettherightamountofsunlightneededtocreatefood.Thenewstudyspeduptheprocess.Bychangingtheplant'sgenes,theprotectivesystemturnedonandoffmorequicklythannormal.Asaresult,leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.Leafgrowthintwoplantsincreasedby20percent,whileleafgrowthonathirdplantincreasedby14percent.Scientistsconductedthestudyontobaccoplants.Buttheythoughtt