统考版2025届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练21必修5Unit1Greatscientists含解析新人教版

PAGE课时提能练(二十一)必修5Unit1GreatscientistsA：学问层面Ⅰ.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)An1．announcement(announce)wasmadeyesterday,sayingthatMr.Watsonwasawardedaprizeforhis2．contribution(contribute)toenvironmentalprotection.Howtostoptheairbeingpollutedisa3．challenging(challenge)taskfacingsocietytoday.Mr.Watsonbegantoworkonair4．pollution(pollute)problemsatage24andhasbeenshowinggreat5．enthusiasm(enthusiastic)forhiswork.Hethinksgovernmentsshouldtake6．responsibility(responsible)fortheworseningairquality.Heoftengivesspecificinstructionsinthe7．construction(construct)ofpowerstations,warningthatpeopleshouldbe8．cautious(caution)inproducingelectricityfromcoal.B(考查动词)Thetennismatch9．concluded(conclude)afterthreedays'fiercecompetition.Andyrankedfirstby10．defeating(defeat)alltheotherplayers.11．Beingexposed(expose)tothestrongsunlightforovertwohourseverydaymadehimveryexhausted,buthefelthappy.Whenhe12．wasannounced(announce)towinthetitle,heburstintotears.Hiswifeandsonwereinvited13．toattend(attend)theawardingceremony.TheywereproudofAndy,sayingthatallhisefforts14．hadcontributed(contribute)tohissuccess.Sofar,thismatch15．hasabsorbed(absorb)muchattentionfromAsia,AmericaandEurope.C(考查句型)Mrs.Browndidn'tknowwho16．toblame(blame)forthestolenantiquevase.Shelivedinabighousewithastrongfence17．surrounding(surround)it.Everytimeshelefthomeshewouldhaveallthewindowsanddoors18．locked(lock).Therobbermust19．havebeen(be)verysmartandintelligent,forneitherthealarm20．norherdogmadeasoundwhenheslippedin.Only21．ifthepolicearrestedtherobberdidsheknowifshecouldgetbacktheexpensivevase.Ⅱ.语境短文改错(短文中有5处错误)Mr.Blackwasmurderedwhenhelaysleptonthesofainhisliving­room.Hecouldhavefeltsomeoneenteringtheroom,buthewasverytiredthathefellfastasleep.Thepolicearebusylookingatthecase.Theyhavemadeajudgmentonbasisofthefootprintsleftonthefloor:themurdererisastrongmanofabout8feettall.ThereisasmallrivernofarawayfromMr.Black'shouse.Policesuspectthatthemangotawayinthedarknessbysailingaboatupstream.【答案】Mr.Blackwasmurderedwhenhelayeq\f(slept,sleeping)onthesofainhisliving­room.Hecouldhavefeltsomeoneenteringtheroom,buthewaseq\f(very,so)tiredthathefellfastasleep.Thepolicearebusylookingeq\f(at,into)thecase.Theyhavemadeajudgmentoneq\o(\s\up7(∧),the)basisofthefootprintsleftonthefloor:themurdererisastrongmanofabout8feettall.Thereisasmallrivereq\f(no,not)farawayfromMr.Black'shouse.Policesuspectthatthemangotawayinthedarknessbysailingaboatupstream.Ⅲ.依据提示补全句子1．我既没有去看那场足球赛，也不关切它的结果。NeitherdidIgotowatchthefootballmatchnordidIcareitsresult.2．在你回来之前，我已经把全部的错误都改正过了。(havesth.done)Beforeyoucameback，Ihadhadallmymistakescorrected．3．高校期间，除了英语外，他还要学一门外语。ApartfromEnglish，hehadtostudyanotherforeignlanguagewhileincollege.4．妈妈站在身后，小女孩感到很平安。Thelittlegirlfeltverysafewithhermotherstandingbehindher．5．无论怎么读，我都不理解这个句子。NomatterhowIreadit，thissentencedoesn'tmakeanysensetome．B：实力层面Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·开封市一模)AndrewGreydoesn'tfitmostpeople'sideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop，notinalaboruniversity，yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA'sKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies，onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience，butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.“Thisisacollaborative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin，”saysChrisLintott，anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist(天体物理学家)andco­founderofZooniverse，aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield，fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved，therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject，”Lintottsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages，graphs，orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans，particularlyamateurscientists，don'tstayfocusedonwhatthey'resupposedto.Andthat'sgood，becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcitizensciencedoesn'thavetobedirectedbyascientist，”saysSheilaJasanoff，directoroftheProgramonScience，TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthencanalsobecitizenscientists，”shesays.That'swhathappenedinFlint，Michigan，whenalocalmotherstarteddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizen­poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized，regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels，scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself，Lintottsays，“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent，butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”【语篇解读】数个世纪以来，只有少数一般人为科学作出了贡献。但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，科学是任何人都能参加的，每个人都有可能成为科学家。1．Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?A．Thehighlevelofscienceprojects.B．Thedevelopmentoftechnology.C．Thesupportofthegovernment.D．ThefoundationofZooniverse.B[细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“onlyafewordinarypeople...toscience”可知，科技的进步为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，从而使更多的一般人也能参加科学探讨，促成了公民科学家的出现，故选B。]2．Whatisaadvantageofhumansinpatternrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?A．Humanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.B．Humansfocustheirattentionondata.C．Humanscanobserveuncommonthings.D．Humanshavestrongeremotions.C[细微环节理解题。依据第四段最终一句“Andthat'sgood，becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset”可知，在模式识别方面，人类与机器相比，人类的优势在于其能够留意到一些不寻常的东西，故C项正确。]3．WhatisLintott'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Favorable. B．Cautious.C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.A[观点看法题。依据第三段Lintott表述的科学人人都能参加，第四段他表述的公民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent，butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp”可推知，Lintott支持公民科学，故选A。]4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．CitizenScientistsCanBeIntelligentB．ScienceIsImportanttoEveryoneC．AnyoneCanBeaScientistD．ScienceIsEverywhereC[标题归纳题。文章第一段以表述澳大利亚汽车修理工AndrewGrey成为公民科学家来引入话题，接着又讲到天体物理学家ChrisLintott和SheilaJasanoff对于公民科学家的看法，并结合倒数其次段中的“scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople”可知，本文主要确定了公民科学家，表达了任何人都可能成为科学家的观点，故C项最适合作文章标题。]B(2024·广东省七校联合体其次次联考)Weliveinanageofinformation.Alltheinformationshouldallowustomakeinformed，data­drivendecisionsallthetime.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatyouactuallyusealltheinformationevenifyouhaveit.Infact，peoplereadilymakesnapjudgementsinavarietyofsituations.Peopleformlastingimpressionsofotherswithinasecondandconsumersmakeshoppingdecisionsbasedonlittleconsideration.Inarecentstudy，weaskedparticipantstoimaginehavingpleasantorunpleasanttalkswithanotherperson.Forcomparison，weaskedanothergroupofparticipantstoconsiderhowmanyofthosetalkstheywouldneedtodeterminesomeone'scharacter.Wefoundthatpeoplebelievedtheywouldneedmanytalkstomakethisjudgement，whileinfactthefirstgroupneededfew.Inanotherstudy，weaskedsomestudentstowriteapplicationsforsomepositions，andthenaskedactualHRpeopletoreadtheirmaterial.Thestudentswrotemuchmorematerialthantherecruiterscaredtoread.Thereareseveralreasonswhypeoplemighthavethewrongimpressionaboutmakingjudgements.Onepossibilityisthebeliefthatthehumanmindprocessesinformationincrementally(递增地)，consideringthatnewinformationisaddedtooldinformationuntilsomementallevelisreachedformakingadecision.Inreality，however，thefirstfewpiecesofinformationweigh(有影响)muchmoreheavilythanthelaterinformation.Sometimesquickdecisionsareaccurateandcansavetime.However，theymaysometimesleadtomisunderstandings.Imagineasituationinwhichamanagerwithlimitedinformationformsanopinionofanemployeeheisunsureabout.Amanagerwhoseesanemployeemakeasmallmisstep(错误)inanunimportantprojectmayavoidofferinghimchallengingprojectsinthefuture，whichinturnwouldaffectthisemployee'scareerdevelopment.Moderntechnologyallowsanydecisionmadetodaytobemoreinformedthanthesamedecisionmadeafewdecadesago.Butthehumanrelianceonquickjudgementsmayavoidthispromise.Intheexplorationformoreinformeddecision­making，researcherswillneedtoexplorewaystoencouragepeopletoslowdownthejudgement.【语篇解读】我们生活在信息时代，我们驾驭的信息使我们作出有依据的、数据导向的确定。但有时我们并不依据这些信息作确定，这样作出的确定有时可能会导致不好的结果。5．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“snap”inParagraph1?A．Slow. B．Negative.C．Quick. D．Satisfying.C[词义揣测题。依据第一段最终一句中的“withinasecond”和“basedonlittleconsideration”可知，“snapjudgments”指的是仓促的推断，由此可知，画线词的含义与quick的含义相近。故选C。]6．ThestudiesinParagraph2suggestthatwhenpeoplemakejudgements，they________．A．areeasilyinfluencedbytheircurrentmoodsB．prefertocommunicatewithpeopletheytrustC．tendtolearnfromtheirpreviousexperiencesD．actuallyuselessinformationthanexpectedD[细微环节理解题。依据其次段第三句可知，最近的这项探讨发觉，人们认为他们须要许多次谈话才能作出这样的推断，而事实上第一组参加者只须要很少的谈话；依据其次段最终一句可知，另一项探讨表明学生们写的申请材料比聘请人员尽力看的多得多。由此可知，这两个探讨表明当人们作推断的时候，他们事实上运用的信息比所期望的要少。故选D。]7．WhatcanweknowaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Goodthinkinghabitshelpimprovementalhealth.B．Earlyinformationcontributesmoretodecision­making.C．Newinformationismoreimportantforknowledgedevelopment.D．Oldandnewinformationwillcombinetocreatecarefuljudgements.B[细微环节理解题。依据第三段最终一句可知，事实上，前几条信息比后来的信息的影响要大得多。由此可知，在作推断的时候，早期信息的影响力度更大。故选B。]8．WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph4show?A．Decisionsbasedonlessinformationcanleadtoharmfulresults.B．Wecanmakeprogressbychallengingourselves.C．Excellentemployeesaregoodatanalyzinginformation.D．Goodcommunicationskillsarenecessaryforanablemanager.A[推理推断题。依据第四段第一、二句可知，快速作出的确定有时可能会导致误会；由下文紧接着举例来说明这一状况可推知，这个例子表明，基于较少信息作出的确定可能导致有害的结果。故选A。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·开封市一模)OnaMondaymorning，backin2015，Irememberedparkingmycaroutsidemydoctor'sclinicinBroadwater，WesternAustralia.Ifelt1andIcarefullypracticedwhatIwantedtotellmydoctor.Heartbreak，sorrowandthelossofacompletefamilyleftmenotcopingwell.Iwas2．Ihadtriedtopickmyselfup，triedtothrowmyselfintomyworkasaneducatorinbefore­andafter­schoolcare，andalsotriedtofocusonmyart.3theseefforts，mydepressionhadn'tgoneaway.Itkept4likeacancerinmyinnerworld.Iwantedanormal5．Iwantedtobeashealthyasmyson，Kai，whowas6me.Itookafewdeepbreathsandwentintotheclinicformy7.AfterIreturnedtomycar，Ishutthedoorandstarted8uncontrollably.MydoctorsaidIhadseveredepression.Ineededtotakeantidepressants(抗抑郁药)．Ihadtomakesomebig9togetbetter.Stillsobbing，Iwas10tohearaknockonmycardoor.Aslimladywithshortfairhair11openeditandbegantospeakcalmlyandkindlytome.“Idon'tknowwhatyou're12rightnow.Butknowthis，Iwishyouwell.Ibelieveyouwillbe13andwhatyouaregoingthroughwillpass，”shesaid.“CanIgiveyouahug？”ThereIwas，aweepingmess,14acceptingthiskindstranger'scomfortinghug.AllI15toreplyinachoked(哽咽的)voicewas“Thankyou”．Thiswasthemostsignificantactof16thatI'veeverexperiencedfromastranger.Itgavemehope.My17startedrightthere.Aboutayearlater，Ibumpedintothesamekind18attheopeningofanartexhibition.She19meandsmiled.ShesaidshecouldtellIwasdoingwell.We20again，andoncemoreIcouldexpressmyappreciationforheract.【语篇解读】作者遭受家庭变故后变得异样郁闷，去诊所看医生时，被医生诊断为严峻抑郁。作者从诊所出来后坐在车里哭泣，一位生疏的女士劝慰了作者并给了作者一个拥抱，作者从那时起先好转。一年后，作者再次偶遇那位女士，那位女士也认出了作者并对作者微笑。作者再次和那位女士拥抱并表达了自己的感谢之情。1．A.confident B．proudC．nervous D．patientC[依据空后的“IcarefullypracticedwhatIwantedtotellmydoctor”可推知，作者在面对医生之前很惊慌。]2．A.ashamed B．astonishedC．depressed D．confusedC[依据上文中的“Heartbreak，sorrowandthelossofacompletefamilyleftmenotcopingwell”可知，作者在这种状况下应是很懊丧，与下文“mydepressionhadn'tgoneaway”呼应。]3．A.Without B．DespiteC．Beyond D．ThroughB[依据空后的“mydepressionhadn'tgoneaway”可知，尽管作出了这些努力，但作者的抑郁并没有消逝。]4．A.growing B．survivingC．moving D．wanderingA[依据本句中的“likeacancer”，并结合下文作者失控大哭可知，此处表示抑郁像癌症一样在作者内心接着增长。]5．A.excuse B．lifeC．job D．rewardB[依据空后的“Iwantedtobeashealthyasmyson...”和语境可知，作者想要一种正常的生活。]6．A.lookingfor B．waitingforC．walkingaround D．dependingonD[依据上文中的“thelossofacompletefamily”可推知，作者的儿子是依靠作者生活的。]7．A.school B．neighborhoodC．house D．appointmentD[依据上文的“Irememberedparkingmycaroutsidemydoctor'sclinic”和语境可知，