2024-2025学年高中英语Unit1GreatScientists单元同步复习学案新人教版必修5

必修5Unit1GreatScientists一轮复习导学案基础学问梳理【三星词汇】一星阅读词汇characteristic n.特征；特性 radium n.镭 analyse vt.分析 infect vt.传染；感染

infectious adj.传染的 physician n.医生；内科医师 deadly adj.致命的 victim n.受害者 suspect vt.怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯enquiry n.询问 clue adj.线索；提示 pump n.泵；抽水机vt.(用泵)抽(水)foresee vt.预见；预知 investigate vt.&vi.调查

investigation n.调查 certainty n.确信；的确 firework n.烟火(燃放) chart n.图表 movement n.移动；运动；动作 backwardadv.&adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)privately adv.私下地；隐私地 spin vi.&vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)neighbourhood n.旁边；邻近 severe adj.严峻的；猛烈的；严厉的二星写作词汇handle n.柄；把手vt.处理；操纵link vt.&n.连接；联系enthusiastic adj.热忱的；热心的universe n.宇宙；世界painter n.画家；油漆匠paintn.油漆；颜料v.油漆；给……刷上；画(图画)scientific adj.科学的sciencen.科学；技术；学科scientist n.科学家expert adj.娴熟的；阅历或学问丰富的n.专家；行家challenge n.挑战vt.向……挑战challenging adj.挑战的；具有挑战性的pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollution n.污染；污染物announce vt.宣布；通知announcement n.公告；宣告；发表；通告instruct vt.吩咐；指示；教育instruction n.指令，吩咐；指示；用法说明(常用复数)responsible adj.有责任的；负责的responsibility n.责任，职责；义务construct vt.建设；修建construction n.建设；建筑物creative adj.有创建力的；创建性的；独创的create vt.创建，创作positive adj.主动的；确定的；的确的反义词：negative adj.消极的；否定的；阴性的cautious adj.当心的；谨慎的caution n.当心，谨慎reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection n.抛弃；拒绝三星高频词汇attend vt.照看；护理；出席；参与expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光cure n.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗absorb vt.汲取；吸引；使用心defeat vt.战胜；战胜；使受挫n.失败blame vt.责怪；指责n.过失；责怪conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出conclusion n.结论；结束contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助contribution n.贡献；捐献；投稿【短语巧记】putforward 提出drawaconclusion 提出结论expose…to 使显露；暴露；使...接触到...link…to… 将…和…联系或连接起来apartfrom 除……之外；此外(be)strictwith… 对…严格的makesense 讲得通；有意义

makesenseof 理解；弄懂；明白betoblame 应受责怪；应负责任beabsorbedin 用心于；聚精会神于beenthusiasticabout 热衷于，对…充溢热忱beexpertat 擅长lookinto 调查curesbof 治好某人某病；订正某人恶习contributeto 有助于；捐献；带来，促成；投稿underconstruction 正在建设中【联想法巧记词语】1.“be+v.-ed+to(介词)”型短语①belinkedto 与……连接②berelatedto 与……有关③beexposedto 暴露于;遭遇④bedevotedto 致力于;忠诚于⑤beattachedto 附属于;喜爱;依恋⑥beaddictedto 沉溺于;对……上瘾2.“观点；看法”的高频形容词①positive 主动的 ②negative 消极的 ③subjective 主观的 ④objective 客观的 ⑤doubtful 怀疑的 ⑥critical 指责的 【语法速递】1. Buthebecameinspired(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposed(expose)tocholera.2. Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffected(affect)persondied.3. Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpolluted(pollute)bythedirtywaterfromLondon.4. Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonit,graduallyimproving(improve)histheoryuntilhefeltitwascomplete.5. Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame(blame).6. Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.7. Heplacedafixed(fix)sunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoing(go)rounditandonlythemoonstillgoing(go)roundtheearth.【典句仿写】1. neither...nor...连接两个并列的句子成分【课文原句】Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。【仿写】Dr.Yuancaresneitherfamenormoney,andheonlycaresabouthisresearch.袁博士既不在意名声也不在乎金钱，他只关切他的探讨。2. everytime作连词，引导时间状语从句【课文原句】Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人死去。【仿写】EverytimeIlookedintohereyes,Icouldfeelthedeeplove,gratitudeandtrust.每次看着她的眼睛，我都能感受到深深的爱、感谢和信任。3. “only＋状语”位于句首时主句谓语部分倒装【课文原句】Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清晰。【仿写】Onlyinthiswaycanwemakecontributionstoourfamilyandoursociety.只有用这种方法我们才能为我们的家庭和社会做出贡献。4. suggestthat…意为“建议……”,that后的宾语从句用虚拟语气【课文原句】Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.为了防止这种状况再度发生,约翰·斯诺建议全部水源都要经过检测。【仿写】Thedoctorsuggestedusthatwe(should)wearmasksduringourstudyintheschool.医生建议我们在校学习期间要带口罩。5. havesthdone意为“让某事被(别人)做或遭遇某种不幸”【课文原句】Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.【仿写】Jameshadplannedtohadhishaircuttoday,butunfortunatelywhenhewascleaningthewindow,hehadhisfingercutandhadtogiveuptheplan.詹姆斯原安排今日去理发，但不幸的是今日打扫窗户时把手指割伤了，只好取消了原安排。核心要点探究【高频单词】1. conclude vt.&vi.推断出；结束 (1) concludesthfrom… 从……推断出某事concludethat… 推断出……(2) arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion 得出结论inconclusion最终；总之【活学活用】(1)单句填空①Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.②Thiscontestwilllastoneandahalfmonths,concluding(conclude)atthemiddleofDecember.③Inconclusion,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyableandreadilyavailableformofexercise.(2)一句多译我从我自己的经验中得出结论：“有志者，事竟成。”①Ihaveconcludedfrommyownexperiencesthat“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”②Ihavedrawnaconclusionfrommyownexperiencesthat“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”2. attend vt.照看；出席；护理(1) attendto 处理；照看；接待attend(on/upon)sb 服侍某人；照看某人(2) attendalecture/funeral/wedding 听讲座/参与葬礼/参与婚礼attendschool 上学【名师点拨】“照看某人”用法：①attendonsb ②lookaftersb ③takecareofsb ④watchoversb【活学活用】(1)一词多义——写出下列句中attend的含义①【2024北京卷】Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend.上(学)②Ican’tgooutwithyoutonightbecauseIhaveanurgentthingtoattendto.处理③Devotedtoherwork,shehadnotimetoattend(on)herchildren.照看；护理(2)单句填空①Therewerelotsofpeopleattending(attend)theparty,someofwhomIhadn’tseenbefore.②Don’ttrytocallJohnat11:30tomorrowmorningbecausehewillbeattending(attend)classatthattime.③Theyflewthereinorderthattheymightbeintimetoattend(attend)theopeningceremony.(3)微写作【2024全国卷Ⅲ书面表达】我特别荣幸地邀请您参与6月5日下午2：00在我们学校礼堂实行的音乐节。I’mgreatlyhonoredtoinviteyoutoattendamusicfestivaltobeheldinourschoolhallonJune5at2：00pm.3. expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光(1) expose...to... 暴露……给……；使……接触…… exposeoneselfto... 使自己暴露于……(2) beexposedto 遭遇到；接触到【活学活用】(1)单句填空①Somepeoplethinkweshouldn’texposethechildrentoplaying(play)computergames.②Beingexposed(expose)tostrongsunlightwilldoharmtoyourskin.③Themoreoneisexposed(expose)totheEnglish-speakingenvironment,thebetterheorshewilllearnthelanguage.④Thesoilwaswashedawaybytheflood,exposing(expose)barerocks.⑤Don’texposeyourskintosunlightdirectly,oryouwillgetsunburnt.(2)微写作【2024北京卷书面表达】为了让外国学生体验中国茶文化，我们把他们带到我们学校的品茶室。Inordertoexposeinternationalstudentstoourteaculture,wetookthemtothetearoominourschool.4. absorb vt.汲取；吸引；使用心；吞并；理解；驾驭(1) absorbone’sattention 吸引某人的留意力 absorb...into... 把……汲取进……(2) absorbed adj.聚精会神的 (be)absorbedin... 聚精会神于……【活学活用】(1)一词多义——写出下列句中absorb的含义①Agoodbookcanabsorbourattentionsocompletelythatweforgetoursurroundings.吸引②Afterabsorbingenoughwater,theplantsgrowwell.汲取③Ikeepthelessonsimplebecausethestudentscan’tabsorbthatmuch.理解④However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbecomeabsorbed.使用心(2)单句填空①Thoughitwasmidnight,shefoundherdaughtercompletelyabsorbed(absorb)inherhomework.②Whenhecameback3hourslater,theywerestillsittingonthesofa,absorbing(absorb)themselvesinconversation.③Hewassoabsorbedintheresearchthathehadnottimeleftforrecreationalactivities.(3)一句多译汤姆那么用心于工作以至于他遗忘告知我会议的时间。(absorb)①Tomwasabsorbedinhiswork,soheforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.②Absorbinghimselfinhiswork,Tomforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.(现在分词作状语)③Absorbedinhiswork,Tomforgottoinformmeofthetimeofthemeeting.(过去分词作状语)5. cure n.治疗;治愈vt.治愈;消退(弊病等);订正(1) acurefor… ……的治疗方法；解决……的措施(2) curesbofsth 治愈某人的某种疾病；改正某人的不良行为(1)单句填空①Hislife’sworkcenteredinthesearchforacurefortheterribledisease.②Manybadhabitscanbeverydifficulttocure(cure)becausethey’relikelytohavebeenformedataveryyoungage.③Asameansofcuring(cure)peopleofdiseases,Chineseherbalmedicinehasbeengraduallyrecognizedbywesterners.④Duetothedevelopmentofmodernmedicaltechnology,doctorsarenowabletocurepeopleofmanydiseases(治好人们很多疾病)whichinformertimeswouldhavekilledthem.6. blame vt.责怪；指责；把……归咎于n．过失；责怪 blamesbforsth 因某事而责怪某人 blamesthonsb 把某事怪到某人头上 betoblame 应受责怪；应负责任【名师点拨】betoblame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。(1)单句填空①Thebankmanagerwasreallytoblame(blame),thoughhetriedtopinitonaclerk.②Hiscompanion,blamed(blame)fortheaccident,hadnotbeendrivingcarefully.③Healthofficialsputtheblameforthediseaseonpoorhousingconditions.④Inmyopinion,thepollutedairshouldbetoblame(blame)forsomedeadlydiseases.(2)一句多译因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，艾丽斯的心情很低落。①Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.(状语从句)②Blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(分词作状语)7. contribute v.贡献；投稿;捐献/助;有助于(1) contribute...to... 把……贡献给……；将......投稿给 contributeto... 导致……；向……投稿；有助于……(2) contribution n.贡献；捐款；稿件 makecontributions/acontributionto... 对……做出贡献【名师点拨】表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause,leadto,resultin,bringabout等。(1)单句填空①Hemadeavoluntarycontribution(contribute)tothecostofbuildingaschoolsothatthosepoorchildrencouldgeteducation.②Besides,consultingourteacherscancontributetosolving(solve)theproblems.③Tocontribute(contribute)tothevictimsinthemudflow-strickenareas,youcancontactthelocalcharitygroups.④Mr.Reedmakesuphismindtocontributeallhehastosetting(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.⑤Inconclusion,everyoneshouldmakecontributions(contribute)toprotectingtheenvironment.(2)微写作①【2024北京卷书面表达】总之，我为自己对传播中国文化做出的巨大贡献感到骄傲。Inconclusion,IwasproudofmakinggreatcontributionstospreadingChineseculture.②诚恳和苦干是美德,有助于胜利和华蜜。Honestyandhardworkaregoodvirtues,whichcontributetosuccessandhappiness.(定语从句)Honestyandhardworkaregoodvirtues,contributingtosuccessandhappiness.(分词作状语)【常考短语】1. putforward提出(建议)；举荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨 putaside 节约；储蓄；储存 putaway 放好；积蓄 putoff 延期；推迟 puton 穿上；上演putout 熄灭；生产putup 举起；张贴；公布；挂起；建立putupwith 忍受；容忍putdown 写出；登记【活学活用】(1)用put短语填空①ItwasthegreatphysicistAlbertEinsteinwhoputforwardthetheoryofspecialrelativity.②Whywedecidedtoputoffthemeetingwasthatourheadmasterhadn’tcomebackfromBeijing.③Icanputupwiththehousebeinguntidy,butIhateitifit’snotclean.④Firstheopenedashopandthenheputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.(2)一句多译他在会上提出了一个解决难题的好办法。①Hecameupwithagoodideatosolvethedifficultproblematthemeeting.②Heputforwardagoodideatosolvethedifficultproblematthemeeting.2. makesense 有意义;有道理;讲得通(1) makesenseof 理解；明白 makenosense 没道理；没意义；讲不通(2) Thereisnosenseindoingsth 做……没道理 asenseofhumour/direction/achievement 幽默感/方向感/成就感【活学活用】(1)单句填空①Thissentencejustdoesn’tmakesense,nomatterhowyoureadit.②AsfarasI’mconcerned,thereisnosenseingetting(get)upsetaboutitnow.(2)词汇升级TherearesomanynewwordsinthepassagethatIcouldhardlyunderstandthematall.TherearesomanynewwordsinthepassagethatIcouldhardlymakesenseofthematall.(3)一句多译你的电脑又坏了！只是为了省一点钱而买最便宜牌子的电脑毫无意义可言。①Yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesn’tmakesensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.(it作形式主语)②Yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Thereisnosenseinbuyingthecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.(therebe句型)【必备句型】1. Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人们既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治疗方法。【名师点拨】句型公式：neither...nor...既不……也不……(1) neither...nor...既不…也不…，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一样原则。(2) 遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词： (either)...or... 不是……就是……；要么......，要么...... notonly...butalso... 不仅……而且…… not...but... 不是……而是……【活学活用】(1)单句填空①Lastyear,neithertheexpertsnorthephysicianwas(be)enthusiasticaboutthecurefortheseveredisease.②NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMaryare(be)tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.③Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsis(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.④EitherherfatherorhermotherpicksheruphomeeveryafternoononFridays.⑤Whatmyfatheroftentellsmeisthatwhatmakesagirlshineisnotherlooksbutherpersonality.(2)句式升级①Theteacherisnotcontentwiththeresult.Thestudentsarenotcontentwiththeresult.Neithertheteachernorthestudentsarecontentwiththeresult.②Theorycouldn’tdowithoutpractice,andpracticecouldn’tdowithouttheory.Neithercouldtheorydowithoutpractice,norcouldpracticedowithouttheory.2. Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak. 所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。句型公式：everytime引导时间状语从句(1)名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句： eachtime 每当……的时候 the＋序数词＋time 第……次 the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant) 一……就…… nexttime... 下次…… the＋lasttime... 上次(2) directly,instantly,immediately conj.意为“一……就……”(3) 介词on/upon+arriving/returning/hearing等意为“一……就……”【活学活用】(1)补全句子①Ithinkofthehappyhourswespenttogethereverytime/eachtimeIseethesephotos.(每当看到这些照片)②Becareful!Themachinestartsthemoment/thesecond/theinstant/immediately/instantlyyoupressthebutton(你一按按钮……就).③Onhearing(一听说)thatthenovelwaspublished,herushedatoncetothebookshopforacopy.④Every/EachtimeIheartheEnglishsong(每次我听到这首英语歌曲),Ican’thelpthinkingofmyfriendAnna.⑤ThefirsttimeIwalkedintothelibrary(我第一次走进图书馆),Iwasgreatlyimpressedbysomanybooks.(2)一句多译他第一次上这位年轻老师的课时，就感爱好。①Hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacher’slessonthefirsttimeheattendedherclass.②Hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacher’slessonwhenheattendedherclassforthefirsttime.高考真题演练【品句填词】①【2024全国I卷语法填空】InancientChinalivedanartist.whosepaintings(paint)werealmostlifelike.②【2024全国I卷】Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion(conclude),Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.③【2024全国I卷】Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposed(expose)todaylight.④【2024江苏卷书面表达】It’sunwiseforustoblametheincreaseofratingsonhighconsumption.⑤【2024江苏卷】LocatedwheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.⑥【2024全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】Thisswitchhasdecreasedpollution(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.⑦【2024全国Ⅱ卷】It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging(challenge),orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.⑧【2024全国Ⅲ卷】Hesaidtheluckywomanwouldbeannounced(announce)onthewebsiteandthetripwouldbesharedonline.⑨【2024全国Ⅲ卷书面表达】I’msureitwillappealtoyou,foryou’vebeenenthusiasticaboutsports.语言素养提升【句式升级】①【2024新高考全国I卷读后续写】Afterthat,hedidnotonlysellpopcorn,buthealsoaddedcreamandsalttothepopcorntomakeittastebetter.Afterthat,notonlydidhesellpopcorn,buthealsoaddedcreamandsalttothepopcorntomakeittastebetter.(用倒装句来升级)②【2024浙江卷书面表达】Assoonaswefinishedthesong,alltheaudiencegaveuswarmapplause.Theinstantwefinishedthesong,alltheaudiencegaveuswarmapplause.(用高级词汇来升级蓝色字体部分)【主题写作】假定你是李华，你校将举办一场学习活动，邀请本市一位闻名科学家来校作报告，请你写一则通知，内容包括：①活动时间和地点 ②活动内容 ③参与人员【分化步骤,先句后篇】1.列提纲,补全要点句。①为了帮助同学们了解宏大的科学家们的成长故事，我们学校将于10月19日下午