11 历史人物-2025年中考英语新热点时文阅读

2025年中考英语新热点时文阅读-历史人物题型主要内容1阅读理解介绍了“破釜沉舟”的故事。2阅读理解介绍了数学家祖冲之。3阅读理解介绍了岳飞精忠报国的故事。4阅读理解讲述了中国历史上著名的医生李时珍以及他写的《本草纲目》。5完形填空讲述了班超带兵出使鄯善国，在鄯善国智取匈奴国并得到了鄯善国国王的钦佩，成功与鄯善国签订了条约。6短文填空讲述了“三尺巷”的典故。7短文填空“退避三舍”的来历和含义。8短文填空了齐国派遣晏子去楚国求援的故事。9短文填空介绍古代中国的数学家祖冲之。10选词填空介绍了汪伦对李白的崇敬之情以及他们的友谊。01（24-25九年级上·重庆沙坪坝·开学考试）AttheendoftheWarringStatesPeriod(战国时期),YingZhengunifiedsixstatesandstartedtheQinDynasty.Butsoon,afterhissonHuhaibecamethenewemperor,thesixstateswantedtoriseagain.TheywereoftenatwarwithQin.Oneday,Zhaocouldn’twinagainstQin’sarmyandaskedforhelpfromChu.TherulerofChuagreedtosendanarmy.SongYiwastheleaderofthearmyandXiangYuwashisdeputy(副官).WhenthisarmyreachedatownbytheZhangheRiver,Songdecidedtostaythereforawhile.Thesoldiershadtowaitforhisorderswhilecoldandhungry.ButSonghimselfenjoyednicefoodandinterestingperformances.Aboutamonthlater,XiangfinallylosthispatienceandkilledSong.Whenhebecamethenewleaderofthearmy,XiangsentagroupofsoldierstocrosstheZhangheRiverfirsttohelpZhao.Xiangthenorderedtherestofhissoldiers,“Breakallthepotsandsinkalltheboats.Eitheryourenemiesdie,oryoudie!”Therewasnowayofturningback.WhenthesoldiersmetQin’sarmy,theyshoutedloudlyandfoughtverybravely.Intheend,Xiang’sarmywonthewar.1．WhounifiedsixstatesattheendoftheWarringStatesPeriod?A．Huhai. B．XiangYu. C．YingZheng. D．SongYi.2．WhatdidChudoafterZhaoaskedforhelp?A．Chukeptsilentanddidn’treplytoZhao. B．ChuagreedtosendanarmytohelpZhao.C．ChuhelpedQintofightagainstZhao. D．ChukilledtheleaderofQin.3．WhydidXiangYukillSongYi?A．Becausetheyareenemiesfromdifferentarmies.B．BecauseSongYienjoyedhimselfwhilehissoldierswerehungryandcold.C．BecauseChu’semperororderedXiangYutodoso.D．BecauseXiangdidn’twanttocrosstheriver.4．WhatfamousChineseidiomisfromthisstory?A．三顾茅庐 B．草木皆兵 C．完璧归赵 D．破釜沉舟02（23-24九年级上·福建莆田·期中）ZuChongzhiwasoneofthegreatestmathematiciansinancientChina.HewasbornduringtheNorthernandSoutherndynasties.Hisfamilywereverytalented.Theyhadbeenstudyingmathematicsandastronomy(天文学)forgenerations.Fromayoungage.Zuwastaughtnaturalscience,astronomy,math.philosophy(哲学)andsoon.Thelittleboywasinterestedinallofthesesubjects,especiallyinmath.Zuwasbestknownforhiscalculationofpi.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,hedidalltheworkusingonlywoodensticks.Ittookhimlotsoftimetoworkoutthevalue—between3,1415926and3,1415927.Nooneatthattimewasabletocalculateitmoreaccurately(准确地)thanZu.Theachievementhasbeenrecognizedaroundtheworld.InordertorememberZu,somemathematicianshavesuggestedcallingpi“ZuLv(祖率)”.Zuwasalsoknownforworkingouthowtocalculatethevolume(体积)ofasphere(球).HedidthiswiththehelpofhissonZuGengzhi.ThetworecordedtheirachievementinZhuiShu.ThebookwasusedduringtheTangdynasty.ButZuwassuccessfulnotonlyinmath;hedidagoodjobinastronomy,too.Heworkedoutthatayearshouldbe365.24281481dayslongandcreatedtheDamingCalendar.However,governmentofficialsatthattimedidnotagreewithZu.Thegreatmathematicianneversawhiscalendarputintouseafterhisdeath,ZuGengzhikeptonprovingthattheDamingCalendarwasmoreaccurate.Almosttenyearslater,thenewcalendarwasfinallyaccepted.Zuwasalsoaninventor.Heoncemadeavehiclethatcarriedapointer.Howeverthevehicleturned,thepointeralwayspointedtotheSouth.Zualsoinventedthe1,000-liBoat.Theboatcouldtravel100li(about60kilometers)inaday.1．What’sthebeststructureforthetext?A． B． C． D．2．WhichquestioncangettheanswerfromthebookZhuiShu?A．Howtodocalculationsusingwoodensticks?B．Howtoworkouttheaccuratevalueofpi?C．Howtocalculatethevolumeofasphere?D．Howtoprovethatayearis365,24281481dayslong?3．TheDamingCalendarwasnotimmediatelyputintousebecause________.A．governmentofficialsrefusedtousethecalendarB．ZuGengzhiprovedthatthecalendarwasinaccurateC．thecalendarwashardforthegeneralpublictoacceptD．ZuChongzhilaterdiscoveredmistakesinthecalendar4．WhichpicturemostprobablyshowsZuChongzhi’sinvention?A． B． C． D．5．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．AgreatdynastyinancientChina B．TheachievementsinancientChinaC．AstoryaboutZuChengzhiandhisson D．ZuChongzhi’sgreatachievements03（23-24九年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期中）YueFeiisoneofChina’sfamousheroes.WhenNorthernSongwasinvaded(入侵),Yuehadtomakeadifficultchoice:hewantedtoprotecthiscountry,buthealsowantedtotakecareofhismother.Toencouragehim,hismotherwrotefourChinesecharacters(汉字)onhisback:jingzhongbaoguo.ThenYueFeiwentofftowar.In1127,theJinDynasty(朝代)invadedKaifeng,thecapitalofNorthernSong.TheSouthernSongDynastywasfoundedthen.AndYueFeiledhisarmytofightagainstJin’ssoldiers.ThereweremanysoldiersfollowingYueFei.Ifthesematesfellill,Yuewouldbringmedicinetothemintime.Iftheydiedinwar,Yuewouldhelptheirfamilies.Whenreceivingawards(奖赏)fromtheemperor(皇帝),Yuealwayssharedthoseawardswiththem.However,agroupofofficialsheadedbyQinHuitoldtheemperorthatYueFeimightbecometoopowerfulanddosomethingbadtothecountry.SoYueFeihadtoreturntothecapitalandallhisrightsweretakenaway.Oneyearlater,hewasputtodeathwhenhewas39yearsold.1．WhywasitdifficultforYueFeitomakeachoice?A．Becauseheworriedthathewoulddieinthewars.B．Becausehewonderedwhetherhewoulddieinthewars.C．Becausehedidn’tknowwhetherhecouldbeattheenemies.D．Becausehewantedtotakecareofbothhiscountryandhismother.2．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．YueFeicareddeeplyforhismates. B．YueFeialsotreatedwoundedpatientsC．YueFeilookedafterallhissoldiers’families. D．YueFeialwaysacceptedgiftsfromhismates.3．Whatisthecorrectorderaccordingtothepassage?a.Kaifengwasinvaded.

b.YueFeidecidedtogoofftowarc.YueFeiwasputtodeath

d.ThesouthernSongDynastywasfoundedA．b-a-d-c B．a-b-d-c C．d-b-a-c D．c-a-d-b4．WhichofthefollowingmaybewrittenbyYueFei?A．国破山河在，城春草木深 B．人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青C．但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山 D．三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月5．Thispassageiswrittento________A．carryforwardthespiritoflovingourcountry.B．introducethehistoryofSouthernSongDynasty.C．showthedevelopmentofNorthernSongDynasty.D．tellthewaysofbecomingstrongerforacountry.04（2024·西藏·中考真题）LiShizhen(1518—1593),wasafamousChinesemedicalscientist,pharmacist(药学家)andnaturalist(博物学家)oftheMingDynasty.LiShizhen’sgrandfatherwasamedicalpractitioner(从业人员)whotravelledthecountryside,andhisfather,LiYanwen,wasalsoafamouslocaldoctor.Grownupinamedicalfamilylikethis,hewasreallyfondofmedicinesincehewasakid.However,hisfatherwantedhimtostudyfortheimperialexaminations(科举考试)anddidnotencouragehimtopractisemedicineduetothelowsocialstatus(地位)atthetime.However,LiShizhendidn’tgiveupstudyingmedicine.WhenLiShizhenwasyoung,heenjoyedtraditionalChinesemedicineandbegantoreadmedicalbooks.Hefoundmanymistakesinthosebooks.Heworriedthesemistakeswouldcauseseriousproblemsordeath.SoLiShizhendecidedtowriteanewbook.Hetravelledeverywheretolookforherbs(药草)anddoresearch.Andhetalkedwithfarmers,doctorsandpatients.Heeventestedherbsonhimselfandalmostlosthislifemanytimes.LiShizhencollectedandrecordedover1,890herbs.Healsoreadabout900medicalbooks.Heworkeddayandnight.Finallythevaluablework,CompendiumofMateriaMedicaorBencaoGangmu,cameout.TodayMateriaMedicahasbeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguages.ItiswidelyreadnotonlyinChinabutalsoinmanyothercountriesaroundtheworld.1．Fromthepassage,LiShizhenisa(an)_________.A．artist B．doctor C．traveller D．farmer2．WhichisLiShizhen’sfamouswork?A．《茶经》 B．《千金方》 C．《本草纲目》 D．《伤寒杂病论》3．WhydidLiShizhenwriteCompendiumofMateriaMedica?A．Hewantedtobefamous. B．Hewantedtobeagreatwriter.C．Hewantedtosavemorepeople. D．Hewantedtomakeenoughmoney.4．WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．LiShizhendidn’tlikeherbs.B．LiShizhen’sgrandfatherwasafarmer.C．LiShizhen’sfatherencouragedhimtobeadoctor.D．LiShizhenfoundmanymistakesinthemedicalbooks.5．Whichisthebesttitle(标题)forthepassage?A．AStoryofTheHerbsB．LiShizhenandHisFamilyC．AMedicalScientistofTheSongDynastyD．LiShizhenandCompendiumofMateriaMedica05（23-24九年级上·山东潍坊·期中）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。DuringtheHandynasty,therewasageneral(将军)namedBanChao.Oneday,hewassenttovisitShanshanstate(鄯善国)-nearmodernXinjianginthewest.The1ofBan’stripwastoestablish(建立)goodrelationswiththestate.Hebroughtonlyabout30soldierswithhim.TheShanshankingmetthemkindlyandtreatedthemwell.AtthattimetherewasanationcalledXiongnuorHuninthenorth.Itoftenfought2Han’sarmy.Afewdayslater,Xiongnualsosentmessengers(使者)withlotsofsoldierstothestate.Theyspoke3ofBantothekingofShanshan.Thekingbegantoshowacoldattitude(态度)towardsBan’sgroup.WhenBansawthis,hesaidtohissoldiers,“TheShanshankingis4treatingusinafriendlywayanylonger.Ifwedon’tdoanything,hemay5usovertotheHuns.Ifso,wewillneitherbeabletocompleteourtask6returnalive.”Thegeneralsaid,“TheHunshave7soldiersthanwedoandtheShanshankingmustsupportthem.Sowehavenochoicebut8allofthesoldiersattheHunsarmycampwhentheyslept.”Atnight,Banledhissoldiers9totheHuns’camp.There,hesetfireandbeatthewardrumsloudly.TheHunsoldierswerevery10.Afterafiercebattle(激战),Ban’sarmykilledmorethan100enemies.Thekingadmired(钦佩)Ban’sbraveryandfearedBanatthesametime.Heimmediatelysignedapeacetreaty(条约)withBan.1．A．experience B．purpose C．trouble D．method2．A．for B．with C．behind D．against3．A．highly B．warmly C．badly D．coldly4．A．often B．always C．never D．hardly5．A．hand B．take C．get D．pass6．A．nor B．or C．but D．and7．A．less B．more C．fewer D．weaker8．A．kill B．save C．tosave D．tokill9．A．quickly B．secretly C．slowly D．happily10．A．relaxed B．excited C．frightened D．interested06（2024·浙江温州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的适当形式。Narrowlanesabouttwometreswide,orsixchiintraditionalChineseunits,areverycommoninChina.However,AnhuiProvince,isperhaps1(famous)oneofall.Thestoryaboutithappenedbetweentwolocal2(family)intheQingDynasty.TheZhangsandtheWus,oncearguedhowthey3(divide)thelinebetweentheirhomes.Theycouldn’treachanagreement.TheZhangfamilywasangry.TheirrelativeZhangYinghadahighgovernmentpositioninthecapital,4theywrotehimalettertoaskforhisadvice.Whenthereplycame,theyopeneditonlytofind5poem.AletterfromfarawayjustforawallIsnotrightorgoodatall.Threechitoyourneighbour6agift.Isnothingastimecontinuestodrift.7wiseZhangYingwas!After8(read)it,theZhangfamilyfeltashamed(羞愧)and9(move)bythisactdeeply.Inreturn,theydecidedtodothesamething.Theygaveupanotherthreechi.Socamethesix-chi-widelanebetweenthetwohouses.Hundredsofyears10(pass)sincethenandthelaneisstillthere.PeopleofTongchengstillkeepthepoeminmind.Whenevertheywalkdownthelane,theyalwaysrememberhowone’skindnessencouragesthekindnessofanother.07（23-24九年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期中）Howlongorfarissansheintheidiom“tuibisanshe(退避三舍)”?Inancienttimes,shewasaunitofdistance.Onesheisasfaras30li.Oneliis500metersand30liis15,000meters.Sosansheis45k1.Thereisastorybehindthisidiom.DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770-476BC),PrinceChong’eroftheJinstateranawayf2hishomestate.Hewantedtotraveltootherstates.Once,hewenttothestateofChu.KingChengwangofChusawhima3animportantguestandservedhimafeast(盛宴).HeaskedChong’er,“IfyourulethestateofJinoneday,howwouldyouthankme?”“Itseemsyourstatehase4youwant.Ihavenothingthatyoulike,”Chong’ersaid.However,thekingstillaskedforsomething.Finally,Chong’ersaid,“Iwouldaskmyarmytoretreat(撤退)sansheifweeverfight.”Later,Chong’erreturnedtohishomestateofJinandbecamei5rulercalledWengong.Bothofthetwostateswantedtobecomestrongerandgetm6land.Theywenttowarwitheachother.JinWengongdidn’tbreakh7promise.HeaskedhisarmytoretreatsansheandstayinChengpu.TheChuarmyt8thattheJinsoldierswereafraidtofight,sotheyfollowedthem.T9theirsurprise,theJinarmysurrounded(包围)them.Intheend,Jinw10thewar.ThiswasthefamousBattleofChengpu.Afterthiswar,peopleused“tuibisanshe”tomeanretreatingtoavoidaconflict(冲突).08（23-24九年级上·江苏泰州·期中）综合填空根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺。Manyyearsago,thereweremanystatesinChina.TheStateofQiusedtobeverystrong,butitbecamelesspowerful.SothekingofQisentYanZi,1manwithbigwisdom,toaskChutosupporteachother.ThekingofChuknewYanZiwasveryshort.HetriedtomakeYanZifeelshyabouthis2(high).WhenYanZiarrived,theguardtoldhimtoenter3thesmallgate.YanZididn’tgetangry.“Onlyastateofdogswillgreet4(visit)withagatefordogs.I’mvisitingtheStateofChu.Thisgateisn’tforme.”YanZisaid.Sotheguardhadtotakehimthroughthemaingate.YanZi’saction5(consider)tobeagainstthekingofChu.Sothekingtriedanotherway.“WhydidQisendYOU?Don’ttheyhaveanyone6(good)?”“IfQimeetsagreatking,it’llsendthebestambassador(使臣).I’mtheworst.That’swhyI’mhere.”YanZi7(reply)calmly.Atthistime,theguardsbroughtathief(小偷)totheking.ThethiefisfromQi,“Ha!YanZi,isQiastateofthieves?”askedtheking8(rude).YanZianswered,“TheorangetreessouthofHuaiRiverproducebiganddeliciousfruit,9theorangetreesnorthofHuaiRiverproducesmallandsourfruit.Theenvironmentmakesthefruitgrowdifferently.InQi,peoplearegoodandhonest,buthere,theysteal.Whatmadethatperson10(be)athiefhere?”Finally,thekinglookedatYanZiandlaughed.“Iwaswrongaboutyouandyourstate!”09（23-24九年级上·江苏镇江·期中）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。ZuChongzhiwasoneofthegreatestmathematicians(数学家)inancientChina.Hewasb1duringtheNorthernandSoutherndynasties.Fromayoungage,hewastaughtnaturalscience,astronomy,mathandsoon.Thelittleboyshowedani2inallofthesesubjects,especiallyinmath.Hewasbestknownforhiscalculation(计算)ofpi(π).A3totherecord,hedidalltheworkusingnothingbutwoodensticks.Ittookhimlotsoftimetoworkoutthevalue—b43.1415926and3.1415927.Atthattimenoonewasabletodobetterthanhim.Andnowtheachievementiss5praisedbypeoplearoundtheworld.Somemathematicianss6callingpi“ZuLv”inordertorememberhim.Hisa7wentbeyond(超越)math.Heworkedoutthatayearshouldbe365.24281481dayslongandcreatedtheDamingCalendar.However,governmentofficials