语法专题It的用法

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载语法专题：It的用法考情分析与命题趋势综观近几年的高考英语试题，it句型的考查频频出现，成为比较重点的知识点。以下我们结合历年高考试题，将it的常见考点作一归纳分析。试题注重情景的设置，需要利用特点语言环境中上下文的联系，正确分析结构，理解句意是做此类题目的关键。命题的热点集中于以下几个方面:1.it/that/one用法区别。2.作形式主语或形式宾语（主要代替v-ing,，todo或从句）。3.用于强调句或固定句型（itis/was…when/since/before…）中。4.考查it构成的习语，it也常表示抽象的情况,属于虚指.如:Takeiteasy。二、it的用法总结（一）作人称代词(1)代替前面或后面提到过的东西或事情。Thisisanewdictionary.Iboughtityesterday.Althoughwecannotseeit,thereisairallaroundus.Tomjoinedthearmylastmouth.Doyouknowaboutit?Theysayhehaslefttown,butIdon'tbelieveit.(2)代替指示代词，起着this或that的作用。—Isthisyourcar?—No,itisn’t.—What’sthat?—It’savideo—Whoseroomisthis?—Itistheirs.(3)用来指身份不明的人，还可指不明性别的婴儿。—Who’sthere?—It’sme.(It’sJohn)—Goandseewhoitisthatrings.—It’sBill.—Someoneisknockingatthedoor,Peter.Whoisit?—It'sme.—Whoaresinging?—Itisthechildren.—Thelightisstilloninthelab.—Itmustbethethird-yearstudentsdoingtheexperiment.TheGreenshaveanewbaby.It’slovely.Thebabycriedbecauseitwashungry.(4)it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合，相当于a/an+单数名词，表泛指概念。—Doyoustillhavethebicycle?—No,Ihavesoldit.—Isthisknifeyours?—No.ItisXiaoZhang's.Mineistheoneonthedesk.(5)it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个，相当于the＋单数/不可数名词。TheclimateofSouthChinaismild（温和的）;Ilikeitverymuch.（it指theclimateofSouthChina）TheclimateofSouthChinaismuchbetterthanthatofJapan.（that指theclimate）（二）作无人称代词it作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示时间、距离、天气、量度，价值等。It’sSundaytoday.Itis/hasbeenthreemonthssincehecamehere.Itis／hasbeenthreeyearssincewesaweachother

last.Itwassometimebeforeherealizedthetruth.ThefieldresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtimebeforewemeetthemagain.ItwasSeptemberwhenwebeganourseniorhighschool.This／That／Itis／was／willbethefirst／second／thirdtimethat…该句型意为“这是／那是／这将是某人第某某次干某事了”。当主句的谓语动词用is时，从句谓语动词用现在完成时；当主句的谓语动词用was时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时；当主句的谓语动词用willbe时，从句的谓语动词用一般现在时（表示将来）。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavespokentoaforeigner．ThecoupletoldusitwasthefourthtimethattheyhadvisitedWestLake．Itis（high）timethatsb.didsth.该句型表示“某人现在该做某事了”,从句常用过去时（虚拟语气）说明现在应该做的事情。It’ssixo’clock.Itishightimethatwewenthome

now.HowfarisittotheGreatWall?Itisfine(rainy,windy,etc.).It’sgettingdark.Itiseighteensquaremetersinarea.—Howmuchisthecoat?—It’sninetydollars.（三）作形式主语或形式宾语（主要代替todo，v-ing,或从句）。为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。作形式主语。[1]代替不定式短语。=1\*GB3①Itis＋adj.（＋forsb.／sth.）＋todosth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy,hard,difficult,possible,important,impossible,necessary,good,bad,exciting,Interesting,surprising等。如：Itisnecessarytochangeyourjob.Itwasveryhardforthemtowalksuchalongwayin

thesnow.=2\*GB3②Itis＋n.（＋forsb.／sth.）＋todosth.用于此句型的名词有：pity,shame,pleasure,one’sduty,one’s

job,fun,joy,goodmanners,badmanners等。Itisapityforyoutohavemissedsuchawonderful

play.Itisbadmannersfortheyoungtotakeuptheseats

fortheold.=3\*GB3③Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.＋todosth.

此句型中的adj.主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：

kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。Howsillyitwasofyoutogiveupsuchagood

chance！Itisfriendlyofthefamilytotrytomakemefeel

athomeintheirhouse.=4\*GB3④Ittakessb.＋一段时间＋todosth.表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。如：Ittakeshalfanhourtogothereonfoot.Ittookushalfanhourtoridetothetownbythe

sea.=5\*GB3⑤Itisuptosb．todosth．该句型意为“该由某人负责干某事”。Itisuptoyoutolookafterthechildren．Whoisitup____thefirstcompany____isrunbythestate？A．totakechargeof；whichC．fortotakechargeof；thatB．tototakechargeof；thatD．tototakingchargeof；which[2]代替动名词短语。Itis＋adj.（＋n.）＋doingsth.此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no／littleuse,no／muchgood,useless等。It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.It’snogoodsmoking.It’sworthwhileworkingthewholenightontheproblem.[3]代替主语从句。=1\*GB3①Itis／was＋形容词／名词＋that从句。ItisquiteimportantthatChinabecomeanofficialmemberofWTO．Itisnecessarythatyouaskyourparentsforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.Itisourdutythatweservethepeopleheartandsoul.=2\*GB3②Itis＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said,told,known,reported,recorded,thought,believed,considered等。ItisknownthatTaiwanispartofChina．ItisreportedthattheRussianPresidentwillvisit

Chinanextweek.=3\*GB3③It＋不及物动词＋that从句

此句型中不及物动词常见的有：seem,happen,appear,matter等，意为“似乎／看起来/碰巧…”。Itseemsthateveryonehasknownthenews.Itseemsthattherewillbeaheavysnowtomorrow.IthappenedthatImetmygoodfriendsinthemuseum

yesterday.Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.(07福建)It’snoneofyourbusiness____otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.AhowBwhatCwhichDwhen(2)作形式宾语。[1]代替不定式短语。Iconsideritbettertobeearly.WefounditimpossibletogettherebeforeJuly.(2006全国I)Thechairmanthought____necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.AthatBitCthisDhim(2006湖南卷)AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade____herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it[2]代替动名词短语。Wethoughtitnousedoingthat.[3]代替宾语从句。Theteachermakesitclearthateveryoneshouldhandinhishomeworkontime.WethoughtitstrangethatMr.Smithdidnotcomelastnight.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.（因为介词on之后一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。）（四）作强调词，构成强调结构。用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。"Itis(was)+所强调的成分+that(who)+其它成分。强化训练1.Mybikeismissing.Ican'tfind____anywhere.A.oneB.onesC.itD.that2.----Who'sthat?----____ProfessorLi.A.That'sB.It'sC.He’sD.This's3.____wasJanethatIsawinthelibrarythismorning.A.ItB.HeC.SheD.That4.----Haveyoueverseenawhalealive?----Yes,I'veseen____.A.thatB.itC.suchD.one5.Thecolorofmycoatisdifferentfrom____ofyours.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one6.____willdoyougoodtodosomeexerciseeverymorning.A.ItB.ThereC.ThoseD.You7.Wethink____ourdutytopaytaxestoourgovernment.A.thatB.thisC.itsD.it8.TheclimateofShanghaiisbetterthan____ofNanjing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.what9.____fouryearssinceIjoinedtheArmy.A.TherewasB.ThereisC.ItwasD.Itis10.Howlong____tofinishthework?A.you'lltakeB.you'lltakeitC.willittakeyouD.willtakeyou11.ItwasthroughXiaoLi____IgottoknowXiaoWang.A.whoB.whomC.howD.that12.Itwasinthericefields____wehadourleaguemeeting.A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.onwhich13.ItwasonOctober1st____newChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.asD.that14.Wasitbecausehewasill____heaskedforleave?A.andB.thatC.that'sD.so15.Maryspeaksinalowvoice;____isdifficulttoknowwhatsheissaying.A.itB.thatC.soD.she16.Itwas____ImetMr.GreeninShanghai.A.manyyearsthatB.manyyearsbeforeC.manyyearsagothatD.manyyearswhen17.____isnoteverybody____candrawsowell.A.It,allB.It,thatC.There,whoD.There,that18.So____thatnofishcanliveinit.A.shallowisthelakeB.thelakeisshallowC.shallowthelakeisD.isthelakeshallow练习一、1~5CBADB6~10ADADC11~15DBDBA16~18CBA名校试题1.（安徽师大附20XX年第一次模拟考试，29）Weallthought______aquestion________wecouldraiseenoughmoneyfortheproject.A.that;thatB.it;whetherC.it;thatD.that;whether【解析】it做形式宾语，代替后文的从句；问题是是否能筹集到足够的钱，故应用whether。2.（20XX年浙江省第二次五校联考，8）Howlongdoyouthink___________theMicrosoftbringsoutanewproduct?A.itwillbebefore B.willitbeuntilC.willitbewhen D.itwillbethat【解析】本句是一个特殊疑问句，前面有doyouthink插入语，应该用陈述语序，因此排除BC，根据句意可知应该是“微软公司研制出一种新产品需要花费多长时间”，不是考查强调句型，因此应选A3.（宁夏银川一中20XX届高三年级第三次模拟考试，23）---DoyouhaveNewConceptEnglishⅥinyourshop?---Yes,butnomorethanonecopy.Wouldyouliketotake______?A.itB.themC.someD.one【解析】根据句意可以得知，店中只有一本了，故用it表示上文出现的内容。4.（宁夏中卫中学2007—2008学年第二学期高三第一次模拟考试，23）---Howlongwillyoubestaying?---Idon’tknow..A.That’sOKB.NevermindC.ItdependsD.Itdoesn’tmatter【解析】根据句意可以得知，不清楚停留多长时间，因此用Itdepends.（看情况而定）5.（厦门市20XX年高中毕业班质量检查，31）．一WhendidyoulearnthenewsthatObamamadeatriptoCanadaasPresident?一wasonmyreturn．A．ThatB．ItC．ThereD．This【解析】根据句意可以得知，问的是时间，it可以指代时间，属于it的实指用法。6.（山东省莒南一中2008—2009学年度高三第一学期学业水平阶段性测评，23）．Hedidn’tmakeclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.this B.that C.it D.these【解析】本题中，it用作形式宾语指代whenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld从句。7.（山东省烟台市20XX届高三下学期模块检测，34）．—Does_____pleaseyoutogivegiftstoothers?—Sure．A.itB.thatC.oneD.he【解析】本题中，it用作形式主语，代替togivegiftstoothers8.（山东省日照市20XX届高三上学期教学质量检测，22）．Thoughwefound_____difficulttoavoideconomicandfinancialcrisis,wemusttakemeasurestoreduceitsnegativeimpact.A．it B．one C．that D．how【解析】it在句中用作形式宾语，代替后文的toavoideconomicandfinancialcrisis9.（山东省威海市20XX年普通高中毕业班教学质量检测31）．—Doyouthink_____worthwhiletogoallthewaytoLosAnglestobuythatcomputer?—Well,I’mgoingtovisitsomerelatives,too.A．it B．/ C．this D．that【解析】在本句中，it为形式宾语，代替下文的togoallthewaytoLosAnglestobuythatcomputer。而其他选项不能作形式宾语。10.（山东省济南市20XX年3月高三年级统一考试，23）．Nooneknowsexactlywhenourancestorsstartedtalking，butnewevidencesuggests_______mighthavehappenedalongtimeago．A.whichB.what C.it D.they【解析】it在句中指时间，属于实指。11.（山东省聊城市2007高三第一次模拟试题，21）．Reallygreatpeoplealwaysseethebestinothers;itisthelittlemanwholooksfortheworstandfinds.A．one B．it C．that D．them【解析】根据句意可以得知“伟人常常看到别人的最好的一面，而小人则只看到了别人不最好的一面”it此处特指上文的theworst。高考真题：03-08高考试题汇编1.（20XX年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试，35）Thechairmanthought___necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A．that B．it C．this D．him2.（20XX年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试湖南卷，26）AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade_________herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it3.（20XX年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试山东卷，24）I’dappreciate____ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.thatB.itC.thisD.you4.（20XX年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试浙江卷，4）_______isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.A.As B.That C.This D.It5.（20XX年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试I，26）IfIcanhelp_______,Idon'tlikeworkinglateintothenight.A.soB.thatC.itD.them6.（20XX年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷I，7）___feltfunnywatchingmyselfonTV.A.OneB.ThisC.ItD.That7.（20XX年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试山东卷，24）_____________worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.A．ThisB．ThatC．WhatD．It8.（20XX年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试陕西卷，16）—Thereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Willyougoandborrow? —No,I’dratherbuyinthebookstore.A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it9.（2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试天津卷，1）Hedidn’tmake________clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.this B.that C.it D.these10.（2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试浙江卷，16）—Hegothisfirstbookpublished.Itturnedouttobeabestseller.—Whenwas_____?—_____wasin2000whenhewasstillincollege.A.that;ThisB.this;ItC.it;ThisD.that;It考题预测1.—Whencanwecometovisityou?

—Anytimeyoufeellike .A.one B.it C.so D.that【解析】it此处为实指，指代上文提到的时间，而其他选项不能指代时间。2.______wasknowntothemallthatWilliamhadbrokenhispromise______hewouldgiveeachofthemagift.A.As,whichB.What,thatC.It,thatD.It,which3.—Howlongareyoustayingthere?—depends.A.It B.Anything C.This D.Everything4.Ihate_____whenyoungpeoplespeaktotheelderlyinarudeway.A.this B.that C.it D.one5.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he6.Idon’tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it7.Does______matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it8.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected____tobemuchbetter.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it9.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_______didn’thelp.A.it B.she C.which D.he10.---Doyoulikehere?---Oh,yes,theair,theweatherandthewayoflife.Everythingissonice.A.thisB.thereC.thatD.it高考英语陷阱题大揭密——it的用法典型陷阱题分析1.Everyoneknowsthat_______isdangeroustoplaywithfire,but_______isdifficultistopreventchildrenfromplayingwithfire.A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,what D.what,it【分析】答案是D。(1)Iknow______isimportanttoknowmyownlimitations,but_______isdifficultistohelpotherstoknowtheirownlimitations.A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,what D.what,it(2)Yes,______isdifficulttofindajobnowadays,but_____ismoredifficultistrytofindsuchajobwithahighsalarybutlittlethingstodo.A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,what D.what,it2.Idislike_______whenotherslaughatmeinpublic

or

thinkpoorlyofmebehind.A.thatB.thoseC.it D.them【分析】答案是C，因为在通常情况下，like是及物动词，其后应有宾语(句中it即为其宾语)。句中的when从句不是宾语从句，而是时间状语从句，其中的when的意思是“当……的时候”。其实，也有的词典将Idon’tlikeitwhen(if)…作为一个句型来处理。能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer,appreciate等表示喜好的动词。Shewon’tlikeitifyouarrivelate.Hehatesitwhenpeopleusehisbike.(1)Ihate_______ifpeoplesaysuchthingsinpublic.A.thatB.thoseC.it D.them(2)I’dprefer_______ifIdidn’thavetogetupearlyonSundays.A.thatB.suchC.it D.which(3)Iwouldappreciate_______verymuchifyoucouldgivemesomesuggestions.A.thisB.thatC.itD.you3.I’venoidea.Ijustpretendednobodywasathome,soIdidn’taskwho__was.A.heB.thatC.sheD.it【分析】答案是D。it用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人，则不用it。比较：(1)Mr.Smithisatthedoor.____wantstoseeyou.(2)Someoneisatthedoor.____mustbeMr.Smith.A.HeB.ItC.ThisD.That4.“Excuseme,Iwanttohavemywatchfixed,butIcan’tfindarepairshop.”“Iknow________nearby.Comeon,I’llshowyou.”A.oneB.itC.some D.that【分析】答案是A。it和one的区别可简单地概括为：it=the+名词，one=a+名词。Ihaven’tgotanypens,andIwanttoborrowone.我没有钢笔，我想借一支。(one=apen)Ihaveapen,andIcanlendittoyou.我有一本钢笔，我可以把它借给你。(it=thepen)(one=arepairshop)ThereisonlyoneEnglish-Chinesedictionaryinthatbook-shop.Iwonderifyoustillwanttobuy_______.A.itB.oneC.another D.any5.Willyouseeto___thatmychildrenaretakengoodcareofwhileIamaway?A.itB.meC.yourselfD.them【分析】答案是A。请做下面两题，答案也是选it：(1)I’llseeto___thatalltheseletterswillbesenttothepostbeforetwelve.A.itB.meC.which D.them(2)Willyouseeto__thattheluggageisbroughtbackassoonaspossible?A.meB.yourselfC.it D.them类似以上seeto用法的短语还有dependon,answerfor等。如下面两题答案也选it：(1)Youmaydependon_______thathewillturnupintime.A.itB.meC.whichD.them(2)Ican’tan