安全工程专业英语学习通超星期末考试答案章节答案2024年

安全工程专业英语学习通超星期末考试章节答案2024年PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,youcanfindtheanswerinthevideo.他盖了一座庞大的水冷工厂,在这里把河水冷却到4度,再灌入火热混凝土内部的水管,把冷却的时间从125年缩短到仅仅22个月。

答案:Hebuildsahugewaterchillingfactory,herehecoolsriverwaterdowntofourdegreesandthenshootsthroughthepipesintothehotconcrete,thisshortenthecoolingtimefrom125yearstoonly22months.PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,youcanfindtheanswerinthevideo.光是一台机器的发电量相当于一座小型核能发电厂,32台发电机的总发电量足以供6千万中国人使用。

答案:Justoneofthesemachinesmakesasmuchelectricityasasmallnuclearpowerplant.All32generatorstogetherproduceenoughpowerfor60millionChinesepeople.Accordingtothevideo,ThreeGorgesDamisthepinnacleofdamengineering,sixingeniousleapsforwardarementioned,theyareleap1:____、leap2:____、leap3:____、leap4:____、leap5:____、leap6:____.(按照出现的先后顺序作答)

答案:powergeneration发电;riverdiversion河川改道;concrete混凝土工程;flood蓄洪;shipping航运;sediment沉淀PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Withineighteenmonthsafterthefleetof71AtlasFmissilesbecameoperational,fourblewupintheirsilosduringoperationaltesting.Themissilesalsohadanextremelylowlaunchsuccessrate.Theairforcehadtypicallyblamedmostaccidentsonpiloterror,butthesenewliquid-propellantmissileshadnopilotstoblameandyetblewupfrequentlyandwithdevastatingresults.Whentheseearlylosseswereinvestigated,alargepercentageofthemweretracedtodeficienciesindesign,operations,andmanagement.Theimportanceoftreatingsafetyasasystemproblembecameclearand,asaresult,systemsengineeringandsystemsafety(asub-disciplineofsystemsengineering)weredeveloped.

答案:在71枚AtlasF导弹投入使用后的18个月内,有四枚导弹在发射筒中进行运行试验时发生了爆炸。而且,这些导弹的发射成功率也是非常低的。空军常常把大多数事故原因归咎于飞行员的失误,但(后来发展的)这些新型的液体推进导弹没有飞行员可以指责,却也频繁发生毁灭性的爆炸。当(空军)对这些早期的事故损失进行调查时,发现很大比例的事故发生的原因可以追溯到设计、操作和管理方面的缺陷。把安全看作是系统问题(或:把安全问题作为系统问题来对待)的重要性日趋明朗,结果,系统工程与系统安全(系统工程的一个分支学科)逐渐发展起来。PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.WhentheAtlasandTitanintercontinentalballisticmissiles(ICBMs)werebeingdevelopedinthe1950s,systemsafetywasnotyetidentifiedandassignedasaspecificresponsibility.Instead,eachdesigner,manager,andengineerwasresponsibleforthereliabilityofhisparticularcomponentorsubsystem.Asaresult,manyinterfaceproblemswentunnoticeduntilitwastoolate.

答案:20世纪50年代开发Atla和Titan洲际弹道导弹时,系统安全还没有确立并赋予特定用途。取而代之,每位设计人员、管理者、工程师只是负责其特定组件或子系统的可靠性。其结果是,许多界面问题直到很晚才被注意到。UnitTwoPrinciplesofSystemSafetyEngineeringPleasetranslatethefollowparagraphs.Systemsafetyemphasizesanalysisinadditiontopastexperienceandcodesofpractice.Standardsandcodesofpracticeincorporateexperienceandknowledgeabouthowtoreducehazards,usuallyaccumulatedoverlongperiodsoftimefrompreviousmistakes.Whiletheuseofsuchstandardsandlearningfromexperienceisessentialinallaspectsofengineering,includingsafety,thepaceofchangetodaydoesnotalwaysallowforsuchexperiencetoaccumulate.Systemsafetyanalysisattemptstoanticipateandpreventaccidentsandnearmissesbeforetheyoccur,inadditiontolearningfromthepast.

答案:除了过去的经验和操作惯例外,系统安全还强调分析。标准和操作惯例包括经验和关于如何降低风险的知识,通常这些经验和知识都是从以往的错误中长期积累形成的。虽然使用这样的标准和经验在工程问题(包括安全问题)的各个方面都是必不可少的。然而,在今天,(工程问题)更新换代的步伐往往使(我们)没有时间去积累这样的经验。系统安全分析除了从过去的失误中积累经验外,还试图在事故发生之前预测和阻止事故的发生。WriteagraduationcertificateforyourselfinEnglish.Youshoulddescribeyourpersonalinformationinyourcertificate.____

答案:Nolessthan50wordsPleasetranslatethefollowparagraphs.ThedawnoftheInformationAgehasresultedinthenewergonomicsfieldofhuman-computerinteraction(HCI).Likewise,thegrowingdemandforandcompetitionamongconsumergoodsandelectronicshasresultedinmorecompaniesincludinghumanfactorsinproductdesign.

答案:信息时代的到来产生了人一机交互的人机工程学新领域。同样,消费品和电子产品日益增长的需求和竞争也使越来越多的公司在设计产品时考虑人的因素。Pleasetranslatethefollowparagraphs.WorldWarIImarkedthedevelopmentofnewandcomplexmachinesandweaponry,andthesemadenewdemandsonoperators'cognition.Thedecision-making,attention,situationalawarenessandhand-eyecoordinationofthemachine'soperatorbecamekeyinthesuccessorfailureofatask.Itwasobservedthatfullyfunctionalaircraft,flownbythebest-trainedpilots,stillcrashed.In1943,AlphonseChapanis,alieutenantintheU.S.Army,showedthatthisso-called"piloterror"couldbegreatlyreducedwhenmorelogicalanddifferentiablecontrolsreplacedconfusingdesignsinairplanecockpits.

答案:第二次世界大战标志着新型的、复杂的机器和武器的开发,随之增加了对操作者的认识要求。机器操作者的决策、注意力、情景意识和手眼协调能力成为工作成败的关键。有人指出,功能齐全的飞机,由接受最好训练的飞行员驾驶,仍然坠毁。在1943年,美国军队的一名中尉AlphonseChapanis指出,当合乎逻辑的和分辨清晰的操控替代使人迷惑的设计时,所谓的“飞行员失误”可以大大降低。Completethefollowingsentences.Asalastresort,____________(PPE)canbeused.Itisespeciallyhelpfulwhenprotectionofabodypart,suchasthehandsthroughtheuseofgloves,isneeded.(全部小写字母,每空一个单词)

答案:personal;protective;equipmentCompletethefollowingsentences.Iftheabovemeasuresarenotfeasible,administrativemeasuresareconsidered.Theseinclude________(轮岗)orrequiringemployeestoperformseveraldifferentjobsduringashifttoreducerepetitioninatask.(全部小写字母,每空一个单词)

答案:job;rotationCompletethefollowingsentences.Thepreferredinterventionistheadoptionof________(工程控制),suchasthedesignandutilizationofergonomicallycorrectworkstationandworkplacelayouts.(全部小写字母,每空一个单词)

答案:engineering;controlsCompletethefollowingsentences.Principlesandpracticesareappliedtotheindustrialenvironmentalthroughactivitiesassociatedwithhumanfactors,suchasengineering,industrialengineering,occupationallayoutanddesign,productdesign,safetyengineering,________(职业医学),or________(工业卫生).(全部小写字母,每空一个单词)

答案:occupational;medicine;industrial;hygieneCompletethefollowingsentences.Ergonomicsinvolvesknowledgeofsociology,____(心理学),anthropology,____(解剖学),____(生理学),chemistry,physics,mechanics,statistics,industrialengineering,____(生物力学),and____(人体测量学).(全部小写字母,每空一个单词)

答案:psychology;anatomy;physiology;biomechanics;anthropometryTranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Onlywhenwestudytheirpropertiescanwemakebetteruseofthematerials.

答案:只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Earthquakesarecloselyrelatedtofaulting.

答案:地震与地层断裂有密切的关系。TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.

答案:学习中的独立思考是绝对必需的。TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Inthefissionprocessthefissionfragmentsareveryradioactive.

答案:在裂变过程中,裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性。TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese,usingthetechniqueofconversion.Payattentiontotheitalicizedword.Thedesignaimsatautomaticoperation,easyregulation,simplemaintenanceandhighproductivity.

答案:设计的目的在于自动操作,调节方便,维护简单,生产率高。Completethegapswithwordsfromthebox.(agreed;employee;clearly;influence;violation;comply;temporarily;observed)Anexampleofthe____oforganizationalparadigms,values,andsafetyculturesonmanagementdecisionmakingwas____whenatextilemanufacturerwasconstructinganewfacility.Upper-levelmanagement,includingthesafetyandoperationsmanagers,____thateverycontractorwouldhaveto____withallcompanyhealthandsafetyrulesduringtheproject.Inallofthewrittencontracts,thiswas____noted.Ifthetextilemanufacturerobservedaviolation,the____ofthesubcontractorwouldbe____removedfromthejobsite.Arepeat____meantterminationofthesubcontractor’scontract.

答案:influence;observed;agreed;comply;clearly;employee;temporarily;violationCompletethegapswithwordsfromthebox.(paradigm;values;perspective;clearly;frame;discusses;happening;frequently;principles;nurturing)Thetermsafetycultureis____used,butwhatdoesitreallymean?Whenconsideredfromasafetymanagement____,safetycultureshouldbeviewedasa____andcultivatingenvironmentthat____lowriskinactionsoftheorganization.Inhisbest-seller,The7HabitsofHighlyEffectivePeople,StephenCovey____therelationshipamongparadigm,values,____,andsuccess.AsCoveypointsout,aparadigmisamodelor____ofreference.Itisusedtounderstandwhatis____atanygivenpointintime,aswellaswherewewanttogo.Organizationsneedacultureor____tohelptheminterpretevents.Theyalsoneedaculturewith____specifiedgoalsofwhattheorganizationwishestoachieve.

答案:frequently;perspective;nurturing;values;discusses;principles;frame;happening;paradigm;(10)clearlyCompletethegapswithwordsfromthebox.(effective;eliminate;potential;protect;workers;really;control;important;promptly)Ariskassessmentisan____stepinprotectingyour____andyourbusiness,aswellascomplyingwiththelaw.Ithelpsyoufocusontherisksthat____m