2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit1ScienceFictionUsingLanguage素养作业含解析新人教版选择性必修第四册

PAGEUnit1ScienceFictionUsingLanguageⅠ.单句语法填空1.Itismuchbetterifpaymentscanbefiguredoutonaweekly(week)basis.2.Hecalculated(calculate)hisgainsandlossesofmoneyandtheresultwasaminus.3.Theyfetched(fetch)watertwiceaweekfromthebottomofthehillwherethewellwas.4.That’sahardtruth—butit’snoexcuseforinaction(inactive).5.Thereisnotasharpdivision(divide)betweenthesetwoactivities.6.Iwaspreventedfromgoingtotheconcertbyurgent(urge)business.7.Worriedabouttheunfinishedhomework,Mikegotupandpaced(pace)upanddowntheroom.8.Hiseyesdarkenedandthecrowdedflaringstreetsbecomeblurred(blur)tohiseyes.9.Therewasaterribleexplosion(explode)atthechemicalplant.10.ThroughthathotsummerMartinandLeoralaboured(labour),painting.Ⅱ.用适当的介词或副词填空1.Hissecondbookturnedouttobearunawaybest-seller.2.Thesalesofcolddrinksusuallyfallawayinwinterwhileincreaseinsummer.3.MyjudgementisthatChicagoissuperiortoLosAngeleseconomically.4.Hispointofviewcameintoconflictwithmine.5.Theequipmentischeckedonaregularbasis.6.Whenhegrowsup,hewilltakeoverthecompanyfromhisfather.7.Notknowingwhichbookissuitableforhim,theboytookoneatrandom.8.IcalculatedthatIwasbeingpushedthroughtimeathundredsofyearsaminute.9.Isawhugebuildingsriseup,andthendisappearlikeinadream.10.Astreammarksthedivisionbetweenthetwofarms.Ⅲ.完成句子1.Idrewadeepbreath(深吸一口气),graspedtheropeandslippeddownthemountain.

2.Thismodelistechnicallysuperiorto(超过)itscompetitors.

3.Sheiswidelyregardedas(认为)thecurrentleader’snaturalsuccessor.

4.Itishardtoexplain(很难说明)thestrangeandunpleasantfeelingoftimetravelling.

5.Thecarisrunningataspeedof(以……的速度)sixtymilesanhour.

6.Therocketistravellingatmaximumspeed(以最大速度).

7.Afireworkexplodeswithasuddenloudnoise(突然一声巨响).

8.Shewaschosenforthejobonthebasisof(依据)herqualifications.

9.Whenweheardofthestory,wehadanurgetoknow(有剧烈愿望想知道)theendingofit.

10.Youjustmakeanoteof(登记来)thetopicsthatarediscussedandtheresultofthediscussion.

Ⅰ.阅读理解AForyears,theU.S.hasexperiencedashortageofregisterednurses.TheBureauofLaborStatisticsprojectsthatwhilethenumberofnurseswillincreaseby19percentby2024,demandwillgrowfasterthansupply,andthattherewillbeoveronemillionunfillednursingjobsbythen.Sowhat’sthesolution?Robots.Japanisaheadofthecurvewhenitcomestothistrend.ToyohashiUniversityofTechnologyhasdevelopedTerapio,aroboticmedicalcartthatcanmakehospitalrounds,delivermedicationsandotheritems.Itfollowsaspecificindividual,suchasadoctorornurse,whocanuseittorecordandaccesspatientdata.Thistypeofrobotwilllikelybeoneofthefirsttobeimplementedinhospitalsbecauseithasfairlyminimalpatientcontact.Arobot’sappearanceaffectsitsabilitytosuccessfullyinteractwithhumans,whichiswhytheRIKEN-TRIIt’simportanttonotethatroboticnursesdon’tdecidecoursesoftreatmentormakediagnoses,thoughrobotdoctorsandsurgeonsmaynotbefaroff.Instead,theyperformroutineandlaborioustasks,freeingnursesuptoattendtopatientswithimmediateneeds.Thisisoneindustrywhereitseemstheinteractionofrobotswillleadtocollaboration,notreplacement.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本几款可以充当某些看护工作的“机器人护士”,但也指出机器人不会取代护士,他们是合作而非替代关系。1.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutJapan?A.Itrankstopinfutureroboticstechnology.B.Ittakestheleadinofferingroboticnursing.C.Itisindesperateneedofregisterednurses.D.Itprovidesthebestmedicationfortheelderly.【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据二三段的Sowhat’sthesolution?Robots.Japanisaheadofthecurvewhenitcomestothistrend.(那么解决方案是什么呢?机器人。在这一趋势方面,日本走在了前面)可知,日本在供应机器人护理方面是领先的。故选B。2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“implemented”underlinedinParagraph3?A.Cancelled. B.Constructed.C.Improved. D.Applied.【解析】选D。词义揣测题。依据第三段的其次、三句可知,丰桥科技高校开发了机器人医疗推车Terapio,它可以在医院巡察、运输药物和其他物品。它跟着特定的人,例如医生或者护士,他们可以运用它来记录以及运用病人的数据。再结合画线词所在的句子,可推想,画线词的意思是“应用的”,因为上文所提到的内容,就是它在医院的应用状况。故选D。3.WhatdoweknowabouttherobotActroidF?A.Ithasnodifferencefromahumannurse.B.Itgetsfavorableremarksfromallthepatients.C.Itinteractswithpatientslikeahumancompanion.D.Itusesbodylanguageevenmoreeffectivelythanwords.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段的第三句可知,这个可以沟通的机器人同伴眼睛里有照相机,这使得它可以跟踪病人,并用适当的面部表情和肢体语言进行互动,ActroidF最大的特点是它可以像人类同伴一样和病人进行互动。故选C。4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Cooperationwillnotbereplaced.B.Nurseswillstillplaytheirroles.C.Theroboticsindustrywillbepromising.D.Robotscanmeetpatients’immediateneeds.【解析】选B。推理推断题。依据最终一段的第一句可知,机器人护士不会确定治疗的过程或者做出诊断;再结合最终一句,Thisisoneindustrywhereitseemstheinteractionofrobotswillleadtocollaboration,notreplacement.可推想,护士会接着履行自己的工作,因为机器人护士和人类是合作关系,也不会确定治疗过程或做出诊断,故选B。BWhetherinthehomeortheworkplace,socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.Socialrobotsareabouttobringtechnologytotheeverydayworldinamorehumanizedway,saidCynthiaBreazeal,chiefscientistattherobotcompanyJibo.Whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.Forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.Thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.TheJiborobot,arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear,isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant.Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.Therobotdoesn’tjustdelivergeneralanswerstoquestions;itrespondsbasedonwhatitlearnsabouteachindividualinthehousehold.Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.Socialrobotsarenotjustfindingtheirwayintothehome.Theyhavepotentialapplicationsineverythingfromeducationtohealthcareandarealreadyfindingtheirwayintosomeofthesespaces.FellowRobotsisonecompanybringingsocialrobotstothemarket.Thecompany’s“Oshbot”robotisbuilttoassistcustomersinastore,whichcanhelpthecustomersfinditemsandhelpguidethemtotheproduct’slocationinthestore.Itcanalsospeakdifferentlanguagesandmakerecommendationsfordifferentitemsbasedonwhatthecustomerisshoppingfor.Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreitlearns.ButOshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus,”saidBreazeal.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。5.Howaresocialrobotsdifferentfromhouseholdrobots?A.Theycancontroltheiremotions.B.Theyaremorelikehumans.C.Theydothenormalhousework.D.Theyrespondtousersmoreslowly.【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据文中其次段中的...socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.以及Forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.可知,社会机器人更像人,比如这些机器人能够辨别人的心情是兴奋还是哀痛。故选B。6.WhatcantheJiborobotdoaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Communicatewithyouandperformoperations.B.Answeryourquestionsandmakerequests.C.Takeyourfamilypicturesanddelivermilk.D.Obeyyourordersandremindyoutotakepills.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据第三段Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.和Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.可知,这个机器人可以听你的指令,提示家庭成员吃药或拍照。故选D。7.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill.

A.trainemployeesB.beourworkmatesC.improvetechnologiesD.taketheplaceofworkers【解析】选B。推理推断题。依据最终一段Breazeal的话“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus”可以推断出,社会机器人可以和我们一起做事情。故选B。8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlypresent?A.Anewdesignideaofhouseholdrobots.B.Marketingstrategiesforsocialrobots.C.Informationonhouseholdrobots.D.Anintroductiontosocialrobots.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。依据全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读填句依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Areyouanangrybird?Whenyou’reangry,yourbodybecomestense.1Herearesomeothersimpletrickstochill(放松)andthinkbeforeyouact.

UnderstandyourangerThinklikeadetectiveandtrackdowncluesaboutthekindsofsituations,people,andeventsthatsetoffyouranger.2Evenifyoucan’tgetawayfromthem,atleastyou’llhavemoretimetoprepareforthemsotheydon’taffectyousonegatively.Youcanalsothinkofthesituationasanopportunitytopracticenotgettingmad.

GoforawalkWhenyougetreallyangry,walkawayfromthesource.A5-minutewalkoutsideoranothercalmingactivitylikeyogaarebothgreatstrategiesfordealingwithanger.Ifyourangerarisesfromthetrafficjamyou’restuckin,turnuptheradioandsingatthetopofyourlungs.3

Writeletters4Soifyou’retryingtocalmdownfast,grabyourjournalandwriteitallout.Youcansimplywriteyourownfeelingsortrywritingalettertothepersonwhoupsetsyou.Youneverhavetosenditandjustwritingitwillhelpyoufeelbetter.

TalkaboutyourangerIt’snotjustwritingthathelpsrelieveanger.5Thetrickisnottounloadyourangeronthepersonmakingyouupsetbuttoreleaseyourpressurebytalkingwithaneutral(中立的)friend,familymember,orspecialist.Aneutralobservercanbringreasonablejudgmenttothesituation.Youcaneventrytalkingoutloudtoyourselfaboutit.

Nowthatyou’velearnedhowtokeepyourangerincheck,trysomeoftheselittlechangesthatwillmakeyouahappierperson.A.Expressingitorallycanalsobeincrediblycalming.B.Onceyou’reawareofthem,trytoavoidthemaspossible.C.Writingoutyourfeelingsreallydoeshelpyoufeelbetter.D.Theideaistocreateamentalorphysicalescapefromthesituation.E.Losingyourtempermakesyoulooklikethebadguytoeveryoneelse.F.Deepbreathingisjustoneofthewaysyoucaninstantlyturnabadmoodaround.G.Exercisecanhelppeoplelowertheirlevelsofangerandothernegativeemotions.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种限制生气的建议,建议人们试着做一些能让自己更欢乐的小变更。1.【解析】选F。依据上文Whenyou’reangry,yourbodybecomestense.可知当你生气时,你的身体会变得惊慌。由此可知,本句承接上文说明人生气时,会发出的一些动作,例如深呼吸等。故F选项“深呼吸只是你能立即扭转坏心情的方法之一”符合上下文语境,故选F。2.【解析】选B。依据上一句像侦探一样思索,找出引起你生气的各种状况、人物和事务的线索。以及空后的句子即使你无法摆脱它们,至少你会有更多的时间来打算它们,这样它们就不会对你产生负面影响。可知,本句承接上文说明,找到这些引起你生气的各种状况、人物和事务的线索之后,应当尽可能避开它们。故B选项“一旦你意识到它们,尽可能避开它们”符合上下文语境,故选B。3.【解析】选D。由空前句子可知当你真的生气的时候,远离源头。5分钟的户外漫步或其他像瑜伽一样的安静活动都是处理生气心情的好方法。假如你的生气是由于你被困在交通堵塞中,打开收音机,大声唱歌。由此可知,本段说明的是离开让你生气的源头,转移留意力,创建一个精神或身体上的躲避状况。故选D。4.【解析】选C。依据空后的句子可知,假如你想快速安静下来,拿起你的日记,把它全部写下来。你可以简洁地写下你自己的感受,或者试着写一封信给让你不安的人。你不必发送它,只是写它会让你感觉更好。由此可知,本段说明的是生气时,写下你的感觉,会让你感觉更好。故选C。5.【解析】选A。依据本段小标题Talkaboutyouranger(谈论你的生气)以及空后的句子可知,诀窍不是把你的生气发泄在让你难受的人身上,而是通过和一个中立的挚友、家人或专家交谈来释放你的压力。一个中立的视察者可以对状况做出合理的推断。你甚至可以试着大声对自己说。由此可知,本段主要说明的是用口头表达的方式来缓解生气,让自己安静下来。故选A。主题活动·迁移应用Ⅰ.语用功能表达·表示时间依次的语篇标记词1.Firstofall,weshouldmakeprimaryeducationuniversal.首先我们应普及初等教化。2.Wepickupacanfirst,andthenuseacanopeneronit.我们先拿起一个罐头,然后用开罐器来开罐头。3.Hisaccentatoncebetrayedthefactthathewasaforeigner.他的腔调立即显示出他是一个外国人的事实。4.Alargecrowdheldameetingroundtherestaurantthefollowingday.其次天就有一大群人在那个餐馆四周实行集会。·表达作者组织语篇方式的语篇标记词1.Videomayalsoproveusefulinsituationswherenotetakingisdifficult,suchasinamovingcar.在一些不适合做笔记的场合,例如行驶的车中,摄像也有用武之地。2.I’llseeyouinaweek’stime—thatistosay,nextMonday.我们见面时间支配在一星期后,也就是说下星期一。3.That’squitetrue,butontheotherhand,wehavetothinkofourinterests.那很对,但另一方面,我们必需考虑我们的利益。4.Inconclusion,wearenowinfaceofanewworld,wheretheideaofscienceitselfischanging.总之,我们正面对一个新世界,在新世界中,科学自身的概念也在发生变更。5.Wecan’tactonyouradvice.Nevertheless,thankyouforgivingit.我们不能照你