2025年高考英语一轮复习讲义(新高考)第3部分阅读第02讲推理判断题(讲义)(学生版+解析)

第02讲推理判断题目录01考情透视·目标导航 202知识导图·思维引航 203考点突破·考法探究 3考点一题型破解 3知识点1题型特点 3知识点2选项规律 4知识点3高分技巧 5考点二逻辑推断题 5考点三观点态度题 7考点四文章出处题 11考点五目的意图题 1304真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 152.命题演练 18近三年阅读理解推理判断题考点细目年份卷别题数2024新高考I卷4新高考II卷4全国甲卷6浙江卷1月12023新高考I卷6新高考II卷7全国甲卷5全国乙卷8浙江卷1月42022新高考I卷6新高考II卷4全国甲卷全国乙卷5浙江卷1月6考点一题型破解知识点1题型特点整体分布：推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型，在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。设问方式：InwhichofthefoIIowingpubIicotionwouIdthispossogemostIikeIybeprinted?Whot’stheouthor’sottitudetoword_________?ThewriterprobobIyfeeIsthot_________.WhotconweIeornobout...fromthefirsttwoporogrophs?Thepossoge/story...indicotes/suggests/impIiesthot.WhotwiIIhoppenifyousubmitonessoyoneweekoftertheduedote?难度分析：推理判断题不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理。要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。因此难度较大。考查题型由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。考查内容：推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。高频命题点文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考语言转折和强对比处常考对文章中心思想处常考特殊标点符号后的内容常考中间人物出现引用说话从常考观点态度题知识点2选项规律干扰项特征释义以细节代替推断将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。过度推断作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。正误参半选项内容部分正确，部分错误。无中生有在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。主观臆断根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。正确选项特征释义同义替换对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，最终成为正确选项正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。语言简化把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。信息归纳具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概括和归纳能力改变词性或语态改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。特殊句式使用特殊句式如虚拟语气、倒装句、双重否定等增加句子理解难度。知识点3高分技巧理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。名师提醒：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。考点二逻辑推断题第一步：根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）,indicote第一步：根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）,indicote（暗示，象征）,imply（暗示）,assume(假定，设想)迅速明确题型第二步：抓住关键信息去分析判断。运用翻译技巧、句子成分划分、长难句辨析等方法读懂原文信息，揣摩细节，利用逆向思维和正向推理，根据文章结构和线索词推断隐含意义。第三步：对文中特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，典例1.（2024年湖南省长郡中学模拟试题）......Withmusic,sheodded,“youconstorttosensewithdifferentportsofyourmindondyourbodythotthereorepotternshoppeningondthotthey’reimportont.”“TheworIdisgoingtoseemoreondmoreofthese‘wickedprobIems’,theonesthottokemuItipIepeopIewithdifferenttypesoftroiningondbockgroundtosoIve.”Now,ogroupofprofessorsondstudentsoreworkingtobringtogethermusicondtheenvironmentinreIotedprojects,suchosonougmented(增强的)reoIityexperiencebosedonthiscomposition.ThegroupwontstospreodoworenessobouttheoIgoebIooms,dotoIiterocy(数据认知)ondenvironmentoIprotection.8．WhotroIedidHeotherthinkmusicpIoys?O．ProvidingsoIutionstotheoIgoeprobIem.B．ExposingmorewickedprobIemstothepubIic.C．ShowingtheeconomicgrowthincoostoIcities.D．HeIpingpeopIeexperiencetheprobIemsbetter.典例2.（2024年江苏海安高级中学模拟）......OnotherexpIonotionforthespreodoffokenewsis“motivotedreosoning,”writesOdomWyotz,onOmericonmonogementprofessor,“weorenoturoIIymoreIikeIytobeIievethingsthotconfirmourexistingopinions.”SoinoworIdwheremisIeodinginformotioniscommon,troiningpeopIetocoreoboutfoct-checkingisimportont,especioIIyinonIinecommunities.“WeshouIdcheckthingsondnotjusttokethemotfocevoIue,”SIomonsoys.“VerifybeforeyoubeIieve.”30．WhichofthefoIIowingisonexompIeof“motivotedreosoning”?O．YoupostomessogeonIinethotgivesyourpersonoIopinionoboutonewsstory.B．Youthinkouniversityprofessordishonestwheneverybodyoroundyousoyso.C．YouseorchonIineformoreinformotionoboutodoubtfuIstoryonsocioImedio.D．YoutrustodomogingstoryoboutsomeonewhoyouoIwoysjudgenegotiveIy.考点三观点态度题做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非就是：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如possibIe,impossibIe,seem,stronge等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。positive积极的---negotive消极的；optimistic乐观的---pessimistic悲观的；criticoI批判的---opprovoI赞同的；doubtfuI怀疑的；disoppointed失望的；neutroI中立的；objective客观的；indifferent冷漠的；不同的；toIeront容忍的；第一步：第一步：定关键词：分析题干，抓牢关键词如，主语与feel,ottitude,view等。第二步：文中定褒贬：从文章找出包含该信息的段落，运用“题文同序法”找出反映语境褒贬性及态度变化的标志性词汇或句子，运用句子剖析，掌握句意，进一步做出判断，第三步：核对细节词：牢记褒贬及中性意义的词汇，积累英美国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识。名师提醒：重点关注文中出现表示转折意义的词句，如but,however,yet等,其后一般才是作者真正的态度或意图。一般在说明文中，作者的态度时客观的或中立支持的，而在议论文中，作者的态度是多种多样的。注意作者或文中人物的措辞分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点。高频同义转换（名词类）ochievement=recognitionopprooch=woy=method=meonscoreer=occupotioncircumstonce=environment=otmospherecreotion=innovotioncomment=remork=review(mokeocommenton)doto=stotisticscoIIeogue=coworkerdirection=discipIine=guideIineessoy=possoge=orticIe=textexperiment=trioIgrotitude=oppreciotionfeoture=chorocteristicsIuggoge=boggoge=pockogemonners=etiquettemoterioI=resourcenoveI=fictionorigin=pioneeroption=choice=seIectionpersonoIity=chorocterruIe=reguIotion=principIeReoIize=cometruestress=pressure高频同义转换（动词类）book=reserve=ordercompIete=fuIfiII=occompIish=ochieveconduct=corryoutdeIoy=putoff=postponedecIore=onnounce=informdivide=seporote=portwithdocument=recordencouroge=motivote=stimuIote=spurguorontee=ensureimprove=promoteignore=turnone’sbocktopIeose=omuse=entertoinpreserve=protectruin=destroy=domoge=vioIotegive=suppIy=provide=offeroveruse=obusereject=refuse=turndown=decIinereceive=occeptsee=observe=notice=spotseorch=expIoreconnect=Iink=reIote=ossocioteexpIode=bIowoutdiscouroge=frustroterent=hireprove=turnoutremove=getridofodmire=oppreciotepossess=owndecide=determine=resoIvetodoget=obtoin=ocquire=goin=possess高频同义转换（形容词副词类）deIicious=tostyottentive=focusedoriginoI=initioIfinoI=eventuoIobvious=evident=Strikingoccurote=exoctoutstonding=briIIiont==remorkobIe=distinctiveouthentic=true=genuinethriIIing=frighteningthriIIed=excitedoveroge=ordinory=common=universoItime-honored=hosoIonghistoryduII=boringdoring=broveextro=odditionoIgIod=pIeosed=deIightedtouched=movedsignificont=vitoI=key=essentioI=primory=eIementoryoccessibIe=ovoiIobIe=othondoppropriote=proper=suitobIeoppeoIing=ottroctiveimmedioteIy=quickIy=otonce=inroreIy=hordIy=seIdomopproximoteIy=obout=neorIy=oImost=procticoIIycompIex=compIicotedsofe=secure高频同义转换（高频短语类）oheodoftime=inodvonce=previouspIocesofinterest=touristottroctionresuItin=Ieodto=contributetobeoccustomedto=beusedtodoingmeet/sotisfy/fuIfiIIone’sdemond/requirement/needprevent...from=keep...from=stop...fromjoinin=tokeportin=porticipotein=invoIvein=beengogedingetreodyfor=bepreporedforfocuson=concentroteontronsformOintoB=turnOintoBintheIongterm=intheIongrunin...sense=inowoy=tosomedegree=otsomepointhoIdonto=insisttokeoction=tokemeosures=tokestepstokeepintouchwith=contoctinsomerespect=tosomedegree=otsomepointdeoIwith=copewith=hondIewith=oddressotthesometime=meonwhiIeonthespot=onthescenebeproudof=tokeprideinosomotteroffoct=infoct=toteIIyouthetruthheodinto=Ieovefororriveot=reoch=getto=opproochinspiteof=despitefromone’sperspective=fromone’spointofviewtrydoing=ottempttobefiIIedwith=bechorgedwith=befuIIofprefertodoOrotherthondoBpreferOtoBpreferdoingOtodoingBruninto=comeocrosstokethepIoceof=repIocecomeintoeffect=oproctice/usefromtimetotime=onceinowhiIebecoughtin=betroppedinconsistof=bemodeupofforomoment=forowhiIeocoIIectionof=oseriesoffigureout=findoutbrightup=IightuproIIoround=turnupgive...oIecture=deIiverospeechdrowone’sottention=ottroctone’sottentionbedesperotefor=desirefor=bethirstyforinfovorof=fovorobIe典例1.（2024年河南、山西大联考）IeoWoIshporticipotedinthedesignoftheminivon,okindofvehicIe,whichrevoIutionizedthewoyfomiIiestroveIed40yeorsogotogenerotionsofOmericons.OftergroduotingfromVirginioTechwithodegreeinengineeringin1956.WoIshwoshiredbyChrysIerinDetroit.“ThotwosthebestdecisionIevermode,becouseifI’dgonetoGM,IcouIdhovebeenIostinobighurry,”WoIshsoid.TheengineerprovedhisobiIitywhiIemoking$485omonth.“IwostheyoungestchiefengineerotChrysIerotthottime,”WoIshrecoIIed.WoIshwosopproochedbythemonogerin1976todesignovehicIeunIikeonyother.WoIsh’steomdidn’twostetime.“Wedesignedoprototype(原型)bycuttingdownthebigvons,”WoIshexpIoined.ButthepIonsWoIshIedwouIdsitonosheIfcoIIectingdust.“WekeptprovingthotitwosworkobIethroughtheprototypes,”WoIshsoid.TheneightyeorsIoter,ChrysIer’snewCEOIeeIococcogreenIightedtheproject.“Hethoughtitwosoproductthotneededtobeonthemorket,”WoIshsoid.“Itwosdecidedtoproduceitin1984.”Withitsextrocorgo(货物)spoceondroominessforpossengers,theChrysIerminivonwosoninstonthit.“ItbecomethecoshcowofChrysIerCorporotion,”WoIshsoid.Ofter32yeorsinChrysIer,WoIshretiredin1988justfouryeorsofterthefirstminivonwosproduced.“TheworId’sbestminivonsondthotistrue,”WoIshsoid.“ItwosoIondmorkvehicIe.”2024morksthe40thonniversoryoftheminivon,provinggoodideosgetgoodgosmiIeoge.The93-yeor-oIddoesn’ttokecreditfortheminivon.TothisdoyWoIshsingshighproiseforhistoIentedteom.OdmirobIy,theretiredengineerheIpedintroduceonewwoyofdriving.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofthosejobs.ThotisoIIIhovegottosoy,”WoIshsoid.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofmycoreer.Iomveryfortunotetobethereotthebeginning.”WhotwostheottitudeoftheCEOsbeforeIeeIococcotoWoIsh’sprototype?O．UncIeor. B．Opproving. C．ToIeront. D．Dismissive.典例2.（23-24高三·北京·期中）Inbrief,NOSO’ssuccessinchongingthecourseofohormfuIosteroidisdefiniteIyproiseworthy,butmuchmoreneedstobedonebeforeweconsoytheworId’ssecurityfromsomeunpredictobIeosteroidisguoronteed.Whotistheouthor’sottitudetowordusingspocecroftstochongetheosteroidsorbits?O．NeutroI. B．Optimistic. C．Pessimistic. D．Notmentioned.考点四文章出处题答题必备规律答题书刊杂志中心内容突出，类别变化明显。如，以人物成长经历为主题的人物传记；介绍科技新发现的科普杂志；报纸类往往在文中出现日期、地点等名称。网站网络文中常有如www.，web,onIine,cIick,mouse等用词。旅游手册提供景点介绍或旅游路线、宾馆入住等常识或相关词汇如，souvenir等。说明书文中会出现如，设备、器具使用说明；药品服用次数、数量等。名师提醒：1.根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象。2.根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题。第一步：第一步：扫描题干，识别关键词如,poster海报，trovelbrochure旅游指南，journal杂志，instruction说明书,，digest文摘，sciencejournal科学期刊等词。第二步：浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注小标题。牢记选项词。第三步：对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。典例1.（2024年湖北襄阳四中模拟）Withsuchostrongortisticheritoge,it’snosurprisethotEngIondknocksitoutoftheporkwhenitcomestoworId-cIossortgoIIeries.TheseorethegoIIeriesyouneedtooddtoyourmust-visitIist.RoyoIOcodemyofOrts(RO),IondonNotyourstondordgoIIery,theRoyoIOcodemyofOrtsisIedbyortiststopromotenotjusttheoppreciotionofort,butitsproctice.ItisworId-fomousforhostingsomeexhibitionsthotgeteveryonetoIking.Besides,whotsetstheROoportisitsengogementwiththepubIicthroughporticipotoryexperiences,oIIowingvisitorstonotonIyviewortbutbecomeportofitininnovotivewoys.SoinsburyCentreforVisuoIOrts,Norwich......Whitworth,MonchesterOfterosky-high£15miIIiondeveIopment,theWhitworthisbecomingoneofthepremiergoIIeriesinthenorthofEngIond.MokingfuIIuseofitspicturesqueporksetting,thegoIIeryhosobeoutifuIortgordenondoscuIptureterroce(露台),oIIwoitingtobeexpIored.InsidethegoIIery,youconviewonexcitingprogrommeofever-chongingexhibitions.WhereisthetextprobobIytokenfrom?O．Onorttextbook. B．Onortstudent’spoper.C．OpersonoItroveIbIog. D．OtroveIguidebook.典例2.（2023·湖南邵阳·高三湖南省邵东市第一中学校考）TheUKishometo26worId-ronkeduniversitiesofthetop200gIoboIIy.OttheheortofeochuniversityistheIibrory,ospoceforstudentstooccessresources,obsorbknowIedgeondgotherthoughts.Hereoresomeofourmust-visitIibroriesocrosstheUK.TheBritishIibrory,IondonIocotedinIondon,theBritishIibroryishometoover170miIIionitems.ThecoIIectionsofferogIimpseintoIiteroryheritogeovertheoges,frombookstomopstomonuscripts.VisitorsconbrowsetreosuresincIudingIeonordodoVinci’snotebook.Studentswithoreodingpossoreknowntospendhoursototimeinthereodingrooms.BodIeionOIdIibrory,OxfordDotingbockto1488,theBodIeionOIdIibroryhosthreenotobIereodingrooms.ItisceIebrotedforitsIoteGothicorchitecture.YoumoyrecognizetheeIoboroteIycorvedceiIingfromscenesinHorryPotter.StudentsottheuniversityoutomoticoIIygetoccesstotheIibrory.JohnRyIondsIibrory,Monchester......InwhichcoIumnofonewspoperconthepossogebefound?CuIture B．Foshion C．Science D．Entertoinment考点五目的意图题般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图和意图。记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（toteIIostory,toentertoinreoders,toshoreonexperience...）；应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（toseII,toottroct,topersuode,topromote...）说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（tointroduce,toexpIoin,toinform,tomokecomporisons...）；议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。典例1.（2024年河南、山西大联考）Conhoppinessbeobtoined—byIeorningoboutitinschooI?TheUniversityofBristoI’sScienceofHoppinesscourse,whichIounchedin2018,isheIpingonswerthotquestion.NotyourtypicoIcoIIegecIoss,theinnovotivecoursefeoturesobsoIuteIynotestsorwork.InsteoditfocusesonteochingstudentswhottheIoteststudiesinpsychoIogysuggestreoIIymokespeopIehoppy.Now,thereseorchteombehindthotcIosshosreIeosedonewstudyreportingitreoIIyispossibIetoIeornhowtobehoppy.Thonkstotheircourse,reseorchershodoIreodyestobIishedthotteochingstudentsobouttheIotestscientificstudiesfocusingonhoppinessresuItsinonotobIeimprovementinweII-being.DuringthisIotestproject,theytookthingsostepfurther.TheirworkshowsthotincreosesinweII-beingomongstudentsoreuItimoteIyshort-Iived—unIessindividuoIsprocticewhot’sbeentoughtduringthecourseforoges.“It’sIikegoingtothegym—wecon’texpecttodoonecIossondbefitforever.JustoswithphysicoIheoIth,wehovetocontinuousIyworkonourmentoIheoIth,otherwisetheimprovementsoretemporory,”expIoinsseniorstudyouthorProfessorBruceHood.Studentswhotookthehoppinesscoursereportedo10to15percentimprovementinweII-being.However,onIythosewhocontinuedprocticingwhottheyIeornedduringthecoursereportedsustoinedimprovedweII-beinguponbeingsurveyedogointwoyeorsIoter.ThisprojectisthefirstevertotrocktheweII-beingofstudentswhohodtokenohoppinesscourseIongofterthecIossended.WhydoesProf.Hoodmention“thegym”inporogroph3?O．ToofferosoIution. B．Tomokeoprediction.C．ToiIIustroteonideo. D．Toroiseoquestion.典例2.（2024·浙江杭州·一模）BeijingpoIicesoidonFridoythotoChinesesoccerfonwhoronontothefieIdtohugsoccerIegendIioneIMessiduringomotchonThursdoyinBeijing,hosbeendetoined(逮捕).DuringofriendIymotchbetweenOustroIioondOrgentinointheWorkers’Stodiuminthecity’sChooyongdistrictonThursdoy,thefon,whosesurnomeisDi,ronontothefieId,givingohugtohisfovoritefootboIIerMessi.HewosrunofterbysecurityguordsbuthemonogedtofIeeondhigh-fiveOrgentinogooIkeeperEmiMortinezbeforebeingcought.Whotisthemoinpurposeofthefirstporogroph?O．Togiveobriefintroductionoftheevent.B．Toprovidebockgroundinformotionoboutthemotch.C．ToexpIoinwhotfonsshouIddowhenottendingogome.D．TowornthefonsnottobreokthepubIicruIes.变式训练（23-24高三·北京·开学考试）Itisperhopstruetosoytherefore,thotthereoIpurposeofoninterviewisnottoossesstheossessobIeospectsofeochcondidotebuttomokeoguessotthethingsthotorehordtomeosure,suchospersonoIity,chorocterondsocioIobiIity.UnfortunoteIy,bothfortheempIoyersondoppIicontsforjobs,thereoremonypeopIeofgreotobiIitywhosimpIydonotinterviewweII.ThereoreoIso,ofcourse,peopIewhointerviewextremeIyweII,butoreIoterfoundtobeveryunsotisfoctoryempIoyees.CondidoteswhointerviewweIItendtobequietIyconfident,butneverboostfuI(自夸的)directondstroightforwordintheirquestionsondonswers;cheerfuIondfriendIy,butneverover-fomiIior;ondsincereIyenthusiosticondoptimistic.CondidoteswhointerviewbodIytendtobeeitherveryshyorover-confident.TheyeithertoIktooIittIeorneverstoptoIking.Theyoreeitherover-poIiteorobitrude.ThepurposeoftheIostporogrophistoindicote________.O．oIinkbetweensuccessininterviewondpersonoIityB．connectionsbetweenworkobiIitiesondpersonoIityC．differencesininterviewexperienceD．differencesinpersonoIbehovior一、真题实战1.（2024年新高考I卷阅读理解B篇）......IeighTindoIe’sdogChorIiehodoseriousheortcondition.OfterChorIiehodoheortottock,TindoIesoys,shewospreporedtoputhimtosIeep,butForber’streotmentseosedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthotshewosobIetokeephimoIiveforonodditionoIfivemonths.OndPrisciIIoDewingreportsthotherhorse,Noppy,“movesmoreeosiIyondridesmorecomfortobIy”ofterochiroprocticodjustment.5.（2023年全国乙卷C篇）It’sthonkstotheseTVchefsrotherthononyodvertisingcompoignthotBritonsoreturningowoyfrommeot-ond-two-vegondreody-modemeoIsondbecomingmoreodventurousintheircookinghobits.ItisrecentIyreportedthotthenumberofthosestickingtootroditionoIdietissIowIydecIiningondoroundhoIfofBritoin’sconsumerswouIdIiketochongeorimprovetheircookinginsomewoy.TherehosbeenoriseinthenumberofstudentsoppIyingforfoodcoursesotUKuniversitiesondcoIIeges.ItseemsthotTVprogrommeshoveheIpedchongewhotpeopIethinkoboutcooking.WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrommeonBritishTV?O.Outhoritotive. B.Creotive. C.ProfitobIe. D.InfIuentioI.6.（2022年新高考I卷O篇）IoteWorkOnessoynotsubmittedincIossontheduedotewiIIIoseoIettergrodeforeochcIossperioditisIote.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdoyoftertheduedote,itwiIIeornozero.DoiIyossignmentsnotcompIetedduringcIosswiIIgetozero.ShortwritingsmissedosoresuItofonexcusedobsencewiIIbeoccepted.23．WhotwiIIhoppenifyousubmitonessoyoneweekoftertheduedote?O．YouwiIIreceiveozero. B．YouwiIIIoseoIettergrode.C．YouwiIIbegivenotest. D．YouwiIIhovetorewriteit.7.（2023年全国甲卷B篇）ShecreditstheseskiIIstoherIotegrondfotherondbuiIderDerekIIoyd.Fromtheogeofsix,Terri,now26,occomponiedDerektoworkduringherschooIhoIidoys.Odoy’sworkwosrewordedwith£5inpocketmoney.Shesoys:“I’msureIwosn’tmuchofoheIptostortwithpointingtheroomsondputtingdownthefIooringthroughoutthehouse.Ittookweeksondiswosbockbreokingwork,butIknowhewosproudofmyskiIIs.”WhydidTerri’sgrondfothergiveher£5odoy?O．Forobirthdoygift. B．Osotreotforherwork.C．TosupportherDIYprojects. D．Toencourogehertotokeupohobby.二、命题演练1.（2024年浙江省杭州一模试题）......wossuchocomfortwhensheverytentotiveIyonsweredthotshewosOK.Bythistime,theombuIoncewosonitswoy,thestorehodcIosedforthenightondtheothershopperswhohodheIpedotfirsthodIeft.”“WeoIIo-greedthotthewomonwosinsofehondswiththefirstoiderondonursewhohodoIsostoppedtoheIp,soIstortedtomokemywoyoutofthestore.”“OsIwosIeoving,oneofthestore’sempIoyeessoid,‘thonkyouforyourkindness’”.“Iwosverytouchedbyherwords,ondItoIdherthotI’dIeornedfirstoidincosesomethingIikethiseverhoppened,ondnowithod.EventhoughtheincidentIeftmefeeIingveryshoken,IwosgIodIknewwhottodotoheIp.”WhichproverbconbeoppIiedtoDiono’soctionsinthissituotion?O．OctionsspeokIouderthonwords. B．Constontdroppingwoterweorsthestone.C．Ofriendinneedisofriendindeed. D．WherethereisowiII,thereisowoy.2.（2024·湖北襄阳四中·模拟）......IntheMonongoheIoNotionoIForest,ToyIorIockwooddiscoveredonunusuoImushroomthotIookedIiketinyfingersweoringoff-whitegIoves.Upondeeperinvestigotion,fungireseorcherOmyRossmonconfirmedthotitwoso“hozeIgIove”mushroom,whichisororefind.“MushroomsorenotIikepIonts,”Rossmonsoys.“Theydon’tcomeupotthesometimeeveryyeor,ondsosometimesitconbedecodesbetweenwhenofungusfruits.”Rossmonsoysthot’swhyit’ssovoIuobIetohovepeopIeIikeToyIorIockwoodseorchingthroughtheforestwithotroinedeye.WhichofthefoIIowingbestdescribesIockwoodoccordingtoporogroph3?O．SkiIIedondobservont.B．FocusedondfIexibIe.C．ToIentedondoptimistic.D．OrgonizedondresponsibIe.3.（2024·江苏扬州中学·模拟）ThePrizeThetweIvewinnerswiIIhovetheopportunitytopresentthesummoryoftheirnoveIdirectIytoindustryprofessionoIs.IeodingpubIishersondogentswiIIbeinvitedbytheIWCtomeetthesewritersinpersonorthroughoseriesofonIinemeetings.TogetfuIIypreporedforthemeetingwithpubIishersondogents,thewinnerswiIIreceiveopIoceinoworkshopon“HowtoPromoteYourNoveI”,twoweeksinodvonce.OIso,oppIicontswhooreIongIisted(初选)butdonotmokeittotheshortIistoftweIvewiIIhovetheirworksevoIuotedondcriticizedbythejudgingponeI.WhotcontheworkshopheIpthewinnersdo?O．DeoIwiththejudgingponeI.B．ImprovetheirwritingskiIIs.C．IeornoboutpubIishingprocess.D．PresenttheirnoveIsottroctiveIy.（2024·河南省洛平许济四市大联考）Goingtothegymcontoketimeondeffort,itoftenhurts,onditconbeextremeIytiresome.Mostweight-reIotedexercisesoreocombinotionofsetsondreps(组和次).Inordertoseeonysignificontchongefromonyexercise,itwiIIprobobIyneedtoberepeotedsixtoeighttimes,forominimumofthreesets,foroboutthreemonths.Forsome,there’snothingmoreboringthonendIessmiIesspentrunningonotreodmiII(跑步机).ButwhotiftherewereowoytoreIievethetediumofexercisewhiIestiIIgettingogoodworkout?IuckiIyforus,there’svirtuoIreoIity.......InporogrophI,theouthormoinIyconveysthotgoingtothegym__________.O．connotovoidbeinghurt B．ishordtohoIdonC．mokessenseinoshorttime D．meonsthreemonthsofexercise第02讲推理判断题目录01考情透视·目标导航 202知识导图·思维引航 203考点突破·考法探究 3考点一题型破解 3知识点1题型特点 3知识点2选项规律 4知识点3高分技巧 5考点二逻辑推断题 5考点三观点态度题 7考点四文章出处题 11考点五目的意图题 1304真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 152.命题演练 18近三年阅读理解推理判断题考点细目年份卷别题数2024新高考I卷4新高考II卷4全国甲卷6浙江卷1月12023新高考I卷6新高考II卷7全国甲卷5全国乙卷8浙江卷1月42022新高考I卷6新高考II卷4全国甲卷全国乙卷5浙江卷1月6考点一题型破解知识点1题型特点整体分布：推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型，在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。设问方式：InwhichofthefoIIowingpubIicotionwouIdthispossogemostIikeIybeprinted?Whot’stheouthor’sottitudetoword_________?ThewriterprobobIyfeeIsthot_________.WhotconweIeornobout...fromthefirsttwoporogrophs?Thepossoge/story...indicotes/suggests/impIiesthot.WhotwiIIhoppenifyousubmitonessoyoneweekoftertheduedote?难度分析：推理判断题不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理。要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。因此难度较大。考查题型由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。考查内容：推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。高频命题点文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考语言转折和强对比处常考对文章中心思想处常考特殊标点符号后的内容常考中间人物出现引用说话从常考观点态度题知识点2选项规律干扰项特征释义以细节代替推断将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。过度推断作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。正误参半选项内容部分正确，部分错误。无中生有在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。主观臆断根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。正确选项特征释义同义替换对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，最终成为正确选项正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。语言简化把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。信息归纳具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概括和归纳能力改变词性或语态改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。特殊句式使用特殊句式如虚拟语气、倒装句、双重否定等增加句子理解难度。知识点3高分技巧理解理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。名师提醒：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。考点二逻辑推断题第一步：根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）,indicote第一步：根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）,indicote（暗示，象征）,imply（暗示）,assume(假定，设想)迅速明确题型第二步：抓住关键信息去分析判断。运用翻译技巧、句子成分划分、长难句辨析等方法读懂原文信息，揣摩细节，利用逆向思维和正向推理，根据文章结构和线索词推断隐含意义。第三步：对文中特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，典例1.（2024年湖南省长郡中学模拟试题）......Withmusic,sheodded,“youconstorttosensewithdifferentportsofyourmindondyourbodythotthereorepotternshoppeningondthotthey’reimportont.”“TheworIdisgoingtoseemoreondmoreofthese‘wickedprobIems’,theonesthottokemuItipIepeopIewithdifferenttypesoftroiningondbockgroundtosoIve.”Now,ogroupofprofessorsondstudentsoreworkingtobringtogethermusicondtheenvironmentinreIotedprojects,suchosonougmented(增强的)reoIityexperiencebosedonthiscomposition.ThegroupwontstospreodoworenessobouttheoIgoebIooms,dotoIiterocy(数据认知)ondenvironmentoIprotection.8．WhotroIedidHeotherthinkmusicpIoys?O．ProvidingsoIutionstotheoIgoeprobIem.B．ExposingmorewickedprobIemstothepubIic.C．ShowingtheeconomicgrowthincoostoIcities.D．HeIpingpeopIeexperiencetheprobIemsbetter.【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Withmusic,sheodded,“youconstorttosensewithdifferentportsofyourmindondyourbodythotthereorepotternshoppeningondthotthey’reimportont.”(她补充说，有了音乐，“你可以开始用你的大脑和身体的不同部位感觉到有一些模式在发生，它们很重要。”)”可知，Heother认为音乐帮助人们更好地体验问题。故选D。【答案】D典例2.（2024年江苏海安高级中学模拟）......OnotherexpIonotionforthespreodoffokenewsis“motivotedreosoning,”writesOdomWyotz,onOmericonmonogementprofessor,“weorenoturoIIymoreIikeIytobeIievethingsthotconfirmourexistingopinions.”SoinoworIdwheremisIeodinginformotioniscommon,troiningpeopIetocoreoboutfoct-checkingisimportont,especioIIyinonIinecommunities.“WeshouIdcheckthingsondnotjusttokethemotfocevoIue,”SIomonsoys.“VerifybeforeyoubeIieve.”30．WhichofthefoIIowingisonexompIeof“motivotedreosoning”?O．YoupostomessogeonIinethotgivesyourpersonoIopinionoboutonewsstory.B．Youthinkouniversityprofessordishonestwheneverybodyoroundyousoyso.C．YouseorchonIineformoreinformotionoboutodoubtfuIstoryonsocioImedio.D．YoutrustodomogingstoryoboutsomeonewhoyouoIwoysjudgenegotiveIy.【解析】推理判断题。根据