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PORT

COMMUPNOITRYT

SYSEOMSMUNITY

LESSONSFROMGLOBSALEYXPERSIENCTEEMS

LESSONSFROMGLOBALEXPERIENCE

EDITORS

SatyaPrasadSahu

PeriklisSaragiotis

PascalOllivier

THISWORKWASSUPPORTEDBYTHETRADEFACILITATIONSUPPORTPROGRAM(TFSP)INPARTNERSHIPWITH:

Editors

PascalOllivier,SatyaPrasadSahu,PeriklisSaragiotis

2024InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank1818HStreetNW

WashingtonDC20433

Telephone:202-473-1000Internet:

ThisworkisaproductofthestaffoftheWorldBankwithexternalcontributionsfromtheInternationalAssociationofPortsandHarbors(IAPH).Thefindings,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedinthisworkdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheWorldBank,itsBoardofExecutiveDirectors,orthegovernmentstheyrepresent.

TheWorldBankdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthiswork.Theboundaries,colors,denominations,andotherinformationshownonanymapinthisworkdonotimplyanyjudgmentonthepartoftheWorldBankconcerningthelegalstatusofanyterritoryortheendorsementoracceptanceofsuchboundaries.

RightsandPermissions

Thematerialinthisworkissubjecttocopyright.BecausetheWorldBankencouragesdisseminationofitsknowledge,thisworkmaybereproduced,inwholeorinpart,fornoncommercialpurposes,aslongasfullattributionisgiventoit.

Anyqueriesonrightsandlicenses,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedtoWorldBankPublications,TheWorldBankGroup,1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433,USA.

Fax:202-522-2625.E-mail:pubrights@

Disclaimer

Althoughtheauthorshavemadeeveryefforttoengagewithawidespectrumofstakeholdersandinvolvehighlyqualified,relevantpeerreviewers,thisPaperremainsalivingdocumenttobeupdatedasandwhenadditionalinformationismadeavailable.Itprovidesanoverviewofglobalexperiencesandoffersasetofguidingprinciplestohelpinformstakeholdersinmaritimetradeandpavethewaytoreformthenationaltradefacilitationandlogisticalframework.

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Acronyms

ACCSAirCargoCommunitySystems

AEOAuthorizedEconomicOperator

B2BBusinesstoBusiness

BCOBeneficialCargoOwner

DCSADigitalContainerShippingAssociation

DSIDigitalStandardsInitiative(ofICC)EDIElectronicDataInterchange

EMSAEuropeanMaritimeSafetyAgency

EUEuropeanUnion

IAPHInternationalAssociationofPortsand

Harbours

IATAInternationalAirTransportAssociation

ICAOInternationalCivilAviationOrganization

ICCInternationalChamberofCommerce

ICTInformationandCommunicationsTechnology

IMOInternationalMaritimeOrganization

IPCSAInternationalPortCommunitySystems

Association

ITPCOInternationalTaskforceonPortCall

Optimization

JSONJavaScriptObjectNotation

LEILegalEntityIdentifier

MSMEMicroSmall,andMediumEnterprise

MSWMaritimeSingleWindow

NTFBNationalTradeFacilitationBody

NTFCOGAPCS

PCSOPPP

SIDSSPSSSPTEUTFATOSTRSTSWULDUML

UNEDIFACT

UN/CEFACT

UNECE

WBGWCO

WCOSAFE

NationalTradeFacilitationCommitteeOtherGovernmentAgencies

PortCommunitySystem

PortCommunitySystemsOperator

Public-PrivatePartnership

SmallIslandDevelopingStatesSanitaryandphytosanitary

SingleSubmissionPortal

Twenty-FootEquivalentUnitTradeFacilitationAgreementTerminalOperatorSystem

TimeReleaseStudies

TradeSingleWindowUnitLoadDevice

UnifiedModelingLanguage

UnitedNationsrulesforElectronicDataInterchangeforAdministration,CommerceandTransport

UnitedNationsCentreforTrade

FacilitationandElectronicBusiness

UnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforEurope

WorldBankGroup

WorldCustomsOrganization

WCOFrameworkofStandardstoSecureandFacilitateTrade

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AbouttheLeadAuthors

SatyaPrasadSahuisaSeniorTradeFacilitationSpecialistwiththeWorldBank’sGlobalPracticeonTradeandRegionalIntegration.HespecializesintheuseofICTintradefacilitationandworksextensivelyonprojectsandanalyticalactiv-itiesconcerningdigitalizationofinternationaltrade,transport,andregulatoryprocedures.

PeriklisSaragiotisisaSeniorPrivateSectorSpecialistwithWorldBank’sGlobalPracticeonTradeandRegionalInte-gration.Hehasafirmunderstandingofglobaltradeandtransportlogisticstrends,challenges,andopportunitiesandpossessesextensiveexperienceontradefacilitationcompliancepolicies,especiallyinrelationtotheTradeFacilitationAgreementoftheWorldTradeOrganization.

OlivierHartmannisaSeniorPrivateSectorSpecialistwithWorldBank’sGlobalPracticeonTradeandRegionalInte-gration.Hespecializesintransportandlogisticsservicesreformsalonginternationalcorridors,workingonanalyticalactivitiesandWorldBankinvestmentoperationsintransportandtradefacilitation.

DanielSaslavskyisaSeniorEconomistwiththeWorldBank’sGlobalPracticeonTradeandRegionalIntegration.Hespecializesintradelogisticsandconnectivityandworksonprojectsandanalyticalactivitiesaimedatimprovingtheefficiencyanddeliveryofinfrastructureservicessupportingcrossbordertrade.

PascalOllivierisPresidentofMaritimeStreet,andadvisortointernationalfinancialinstitutionsonthedigitalportinfrastructureandmaritimetradesupplychain.HeisthechairmanoftheInternationalAssociationofPortsandHarbors(IAPH)DataCollaborationCommittee,whereheisleadingdigitalizationinitiativeswiththeInternationalMaritimeOrganization,theWorldCustomsOrganization,theWorldBank,andtheWorldEconomicForum.

NatalieGuptaworksasanIndependentConsultantthroughherowncompanyPortProcessesLimited,focusingonportsandshippingandtradefacilitationandtheenergytransitionwithaparticularfocusonhydrogenderivedfuels.ShehaspreviouslyheldcorporaterolesinAbuDhabiPortsandYaraCleanAmmonia.NataliehasaPhDinDevelopmentEconomicsandMScinFinanceandFinancialLaw.

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Acknowledgments

ThisreportwasacollaborativeeffortbetweentheWorldBankandtheInternationalAssociationofPortsandHarbors(IAPH).TheWorldBankteamwasco-ledbySatyaPrasad(SP)Sahu,SeniorTradeFacilitationSpecialist,PeriklisSaragiotisandOlivierHartmann,SeniorPrivateSectorSpecialists,DanielSaslavsky,SeniorEconomist,andNatalieGupta,Consultant.TheIAPHteamwasledbyPascalOllivier,PresidentofMaritimeStreetandChairmanoftheIAPHDataCollaborationCommittee.

TheteamwouldliketoexpressitssincereappreciationtotheSecretariatoftheInternationalPortCommunitySystemsAssociation(IPCSA)foritsvaluablesupportinconnectingtheWorldBank-IAPHteamwithitsmembers.Theassistanceprovidedbythefollowingmembershasgreatlycontributedtothereviewandqualityassuranceprocess,andtheirsubstantivecontributionshavebeenhighlyvaluable.

JavierGallardoChairmanIPCSA&Director,Portic,BarcelonaPCS

NicoDeCauwerSecretaryGeneralIPCSA&BusinessArchitectDigitalization&PortCommunity

Projects

IngaMortonGeneralManagerIPCSA

HansRookFormerChairman,IPCSA

JustinTWardlePortManageratRAKPortsGroup,UAE

MeesvanderWielSeniorInternationalAdvisor,DigitalContainerShippingAssociation(DCSA)AlexandreSánchezPCSDirector,PortAuthorityofValencia

SvenReimersBusinessDevelopment,DAKOSYAG

DmytroIakymenkovSpecialist,StandardsinDataModelling&BusinessProcesses,Ukraine

RemiJulienPrésidentdudirectoire,MGI(MarseilleGyptisInternational)AmarMoreCEO,KaleLogisticsSolutionsPrivateLtd.

Theleadauthorsthankthefollowingexpertsfortheirsubstantivecontributionstothepreparationofthisreport:

ChrisLWellisz

CommunicationsSpecialist,WorldBank

MarcJuhel

SeniorTransportSpecialist,WindandTides

PrakharBhardwaj

STC,TheWorldBank

JulianAbril

HeadofFacilitation,InternationalMaritimeOrganization

MartinaFontanet

TechnicalOfficer,Facilitation,InternationalMaritimeOrganization

ErandaKotelawala

ChiefExecutiveOfficer,SolomonIslandsPortsAuthorityandSouthEastAsiaandOcean,VicePresident,IAPH

PatrickVerhoeven

ManagingDirector,IAPH

GadiBenmoshe

ManagingDirectorofMarinnovatorsandVice-ChairmanofIAPHDataCollaborationCommittee

GlennRoach

SecretaryGeneral,PortManagementAssociationoftheCaribbean

LanceThompson

Head,RegulatoryCooperationandStandardizationPoliciesSupportUnit,UNECE

Kyung-cheolPark

SeniorDirectorofICTdepartment,BusanPortAuthority

Min-suJeong

ICTmanagerofICTdepartment,BusanPortAuthority

Eung-hyukLee

DirectorofMarketing&Internationalaffairs,BusanPortAuthority

Kang-heeAn

DeputyGeneralManagerofLogisticsPolicyDepartment,BusanPortAuthority

KateMunKateKyungAeMun

ChiefMaritimeConsultantat2TribesCommunications

IwanvanderWolf

ChiefExecutiveOfficer,Portbase

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FranzVanZoelen

SeasonedLegalSpecialistinPortandMaritimeIndustry-HeadLegalEmeritusatPortofRotterdamAuthority

SriramRamanujam

AssistantVicePresident,PSAGlobal

PeterBresseleers

ManagingPartnerPortExpertise

DwainPowell

DirectorJamaicaPCS,VicePresident,PortAuthorityofJamaica

NikanePeck

OperationsManager,JamaicaPCS,PortAuthorityofJamaica

AndreWilliam

ChiefInformationOfficer,JamaicaCustomsAgency

EdMarch

SupplyandLogisticsAdvisorandformerVicePresidentBusinessDevelop¬ment,LogisticsandSupplyChainPortAuthorityofJamaica

JuanMarcos

MancillaMedinaLogisticsManager,EmpresaPortuariaValparaíso

RosaG.GonzalezRamirez

AssociateProfessor,UniversidaddelosAndes

RajeevPuri

ExecutiveDirector,ICT,IndianPortAssociation

AbhijitDesai

Portall,PCS1.xIndia

NikitaSingla

BureauofResearchonIndustryandEconomicFundamentals

PritamBanerji

WTOInistitute,India

YoussefAhouzi

ChiefExecutiveOfficer,Portnet

TarikMaaouni

ChiefInformationOfficer,NationalPortAuthorityofMorocco

KarimGharbi

SeniorConsultantTradeFacilitation,MSS

StephaneGaudechon

VicePresidentGovernmentServices,BureauVeritas

Niaty-MouambaMaurice

SITRASS,RepublicofCongo

WarsamaGuirreh

ChiefExecutiveOfficer,DjiboutiPortCommunitySystem

AchaaAbdillahiAhmed

Doyennedel’InstitutUniversitairedeTechnologieTertiaire,UniversitédeDjibouti

Jean-PierreHerault

President,GIPANC

ChristineTivollier

Director,GIPANC

GuillaumeOstermann

ProjectManagerOfficer,MGI

SoniaLecomte

DeputyDirectorNewCaledonia,FrenchCustoms

RonenMualem

MaritimeApplicationsManager,IsraelPortCompany

JeromeBesancenot

DigitalTransitionProjectDirector,HAROPA

DarlinGaitan

PortsCommissioner,BelizePortAuthority

GerhardduPlessis

Manager,BusinessApplicationsandProcesses,Namport

FrankJanssens

SeniorConsultant-InternationalexpertonTradeFacilitationandCustomsmodernization&FormerHeadofUnit,DGTAXUD,EuropeanCommission

AlanLong

DirectoratCollabor8ConsultancyServicesandformerchiefexecutiveofficer,MCPFelixstowe,&formerChairmanIPCSA

Prof.ValentinCarlan

ProgrammanagermasterMaritimeandlogisticsmanagementattheUniversityofAntwerp

Prof.KerriAhn

HeadofResearchandDevelopment,TheKConsulting

GlynHughes

DirectorGeneralatTheInternationalAirCargoAssociation

HenkMulder

Head,DigitalCargo,InternationalAirTransportAssociation

ChristianPiaget

Head,CargoBorderManagement&ClaimsatInternationalAirTransportAssociation

LucScheidel

CargoStrategyDirectoratAmsterdamAirportSchiphol

HoumedMohamedAli

DirectorofOperations,DjiboutiPortCommunitySystem

MatthewBradley

ManagingDirector,CommunityNetworkServices

ClaudioPinto

ChiefInformationOfficerandPCSDirectoratPortofSines

LuisM.Ascencio

Director,LMAC,Chile

FranciscoDominguez

GeneralManager,DRTrade

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AlaaAlTefSeniorManager,BusinessDevelopment,DubaiTradeWorld

FayezMaarrawiSeniorManager,BusinessDevelopment,DubaiTradeWorld

VineetMalhotraKaleLogistics

PeterJohnsDirector,ESIDLIPiperAfrica

FranciscoRuizGeneralCoordinatorVUCE2.0,MinistryofForeignTradeandTourismofPeru

NataliaTeruyaManager,MaritimeSingleWindowVUCE2.0,MinistryofForeignTradeandTourismofPeru

JohnKerkhofProjectManager,PortmadeNV

UweLiebschnerSeniorDirectorOperations,LKLE-ClearanceServicesGmbHAndreaMinardiChiefInformationOfficer,PortofRavennaAuthority

NielsPostmaProgramManager,HarbourMasterNextGeneration,PortofRotterdam

Additionally,theteamwouldliketo-thankLucScheidelfromtheRoyalSchipholGroup,HenkMulderandCristianPiagetfromIATA,AmarMorefromKaleLogistics,JeanVerheyen,CristinaToscano,andJokeAertsfromNallianforprovidinginformationthatsupportedthedraftingofChapter12onAirCargoCommunitySystems.WewouldalsoliketoexpressourgratitudetoGlynHughesofTIACAforprovidingfeedbackonthischapter.Furthermore,thischapterincorporatesinputsfromanearlierunpublishedworkconductedbyJamesFriedel,aconsultanttotheWorldBank.Hisworkincludedextensiveconsultationswithindustrystakeholdersandexperts,makinghiscontributionsinvaluable.

TheleadauthorswouldliketoexpresstheirappreciationforthesupportandguidanceprovidedbyRichardMartinHumphreys,LeadTransportEconomist,NinanOommenBiju,SeniorPortsSpecialist,andFungYingHo(Serene),SeniorDigitalDevelopmentSpecialistattheWorldBank.

Lastly,theleadauthorsandcontributorsextendspecialthankstotheWorldBank’sleadershipteamfortheirconstantencouragement.WewouldliketoacknowledgeMonaHaddad,theGlobalDirectorofTradeandCompetitiveness,NicolasPeltier,theGlobalDirectorofTransport,SebastienDessus,thePracticeManagerofGlobalTradeandRegionalIntegra-tion,andAntonioNucifora,PracticeManagerofMacroeconomics,TradeandInvestmentforEuropeandCentralAsia.WealsoappreciatethesupportofSubramaniamKaruppiah,theGeneralManageratKlangPortAuthorityandPresidentofIAPH,andPatrickVerhoeven,ManagingDirectorofIAPH,fortheircollaborationwiththeWorldBankonthisreport.

CONtENtS

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Contents

Acronymsiv

AbouttheLeadAuthorsv

Acknowledgmentsvi

PCSDimensionsxi

ExecutiveSummary1

Preface2

TheConceptandGlobalEvolutionofthePCS3

GlobalPCSadoptionlandscapeandtrends3

ThePositiveImpactofPCS6

BuildingBlocksforSuccessfulImplementation8

A.PCSimplementationframework8

B.Theenablingenvironment8

Conclusion13

PCSFundamentalsandTrends15

1.FacilitatingTradeviaPCSInvestments16

2.PortCompetitivenessandTradeFacilitation17

Tradefacilitationreformsandtradecosts’reduction17

HowPortProceduralEfficiencyFacilitatesTrade18

TheComplementaryRoleofPortPhysical&DigitalInfrastructure19

3.TheStrategicRoleofPCS20

DigitalCollaborationinPortLogistics20

PortDigitalizationRoadmap21

PCSDefinitionandStatusQuo22

PCSinthePortDigitalEco-System25

TheroleofNTFCsinPCSEffectiveness26

4.SalientFunctionsandFeaturesofPCS27

PCSCoreFeatures27

PCSBenefits29

5.GlobaltrendsinPCSimplementation33

LessonsLearntfromFourDecadesofPCSExperience.34

GlobalTradeChallenges&PCS37

6.ChallengesofImplementation38

7.TheFutureofPCS40

Appendix1.ThePortCommunity&PortServices42

Appendix2.OperationalLogisticsAndRegulatoryProceduresAreIntertwined44

CONtENtS

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PCSDimensions

PCSinSIDS

Technical&FunctionalArchitecture

TradeProcessEfficiencies

AirCargo

CommunitySystems

(SpecialcasesofPCS)

TheroleofTrade&Maritime

SingleWindows

PORT

COMMUNITY

SYSTEM

ImplementationFramework

Enabling

Legal&Regulatory

PCS101

Framework

Impacton

Trade&Industry

Costing&RevenueStructures

Governance&

OperatingModels

Port&CustomsCooperation

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EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

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EXECutIvESuMMARy

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Preface

TheemergenceofthePortCommunitySystem(PCS).ThePCSrepresentsapivotaldevelopmentintheworldofmaritimetradefacilitationandlogistics.Thesesophisticateddigitalplat-formsenableseamlessexchangeofinformation,coordination,andcollaborationamongtheportcommunitystakeholders.Bystreamliningcommunicationandautomatingdataexchange,thePCSdrivesefficiency,transparency,andsecurityinthecomplexecosystemofglobaltrade.Asthevolumeofinternationaltradecontinuestogrow,theimplementationofthePCShasbecomeincreasinglyvital.Thisbookdigsintothecomplexitiesoftheseplatformsandexaminestheirrolesinshapingthefutureofinter-nationaltradeandsupplychainmanagement.

Demystifyingtheconcept,functionalities,andimpact.Confu-sionsurroundingthePCSconceptandthelimitedunderstand-ingofitsfundamentalbuildingblocksrepresentsasignificantchallengeforbothpolicyformulationandindustrypractice.Conversationswithstakeholdersfromdiversebackgroundsrevealedalackofclarityonthefunctionalities,benefits,andpotentialchallengesassociatedwiththePCS.TheseexperienceshighlightedthepressingneedforacomprehensiveresourcethatdemystifiesthePCSandprovidespracticalguidanceontheirestablishment,operation,andintegrationintoexistingportecosystems.Theaimofthisstudyistobridgetheknowledgegap,sharevaluableinsights,andcontributetothesustainabledevelopmentofmaritimetradefacilitationandlogisticsthrougheffectivePCSimplementation.

Contributingtotheportdigitalizationknowledgebase.Therecentwaveofportdigitalizationhasaccentuatedtherele-vanceofthisstudy,makingitatimelyandcriticalcontributiontoglobaldialogue.ThisstudystandsoutasanessentialresourcethatalignswithandcomplementstheeffortsofinternationalorganizationssuchastheUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment(UNCTAD),InternationalMaritimeOrgani-zation(IMO),WorldCustomsOrganization(WCO),andWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)inpromotingdigitalportsandtradefacilitation.BybuildingontherecentWorldBank-InternationalAssociationofPortsandHarbors(IAPH)report,“AcceleratingDigitalizationAcrosstheMaritimeSupplyChain”1thispublicationnotonlydemonstratesaclearunderstandingoftheexistingknowledgebase,butalsoseekstofurtherexpanditbyprovidingvaluableinsightsandrecommendations.

financial,governance,andlegalaspectsoftheirdeployment.CentralthemesofouranalysisincludestrengtheningCustoms-portcollaborationandoptimizingtradeprocessesthroughPCS-enabledefficiencies.WealsodiscusstherelationshipwiththetradeandmaritimesinglewindowsandprovidetailoredimplementationguidanceforSmallIslandDevelopingStates(SIDS).Lastly,thebookextendstheprinciplesofthemaritimePCStotheAirCargoCommunitySystem(ACCS)andexplainshowkeylearningsfromonesectorcanbenefittheother.ThisprintpublicationsummarizesthecoreconceptsofPCSandservesasanintroductoryguide,withtheremainingchaptersandcasestudiesavailableontheofficialWorldBankwebsite.

Leveragingtheindustry’sglobalexpertise.Wearedeeplygratefultotheindustryexperts,academicresearchers,andpolicymakersfortheirinvaluablecontributionandsupportthroughouttheresearchandwritingprocess.WearehonoredtohavecollaboratedwiththeIAPHandwiththeiraffiliatedPCSoperatorsasco-authors,benefitingfromtheirvastexperienceandknowledge.SpecialthanksareduetotheInternationalPortCommunitySystemsAssociation(IPCSA)fortheirunwaveringcommitmenttopromotinginnovativesolutionsforefficient,secure,andsustainablemaritimetrade,aswellasprovidingconstructiveinputsintothisbook.

Howtousethispublication.Westronglyencourageport,maritimeandairindustryseniorexecutivesandpractitioners,internationalorganizationexperts,governmentofficials,andinternationalconsultantstoexplorethecontentsofthisbook.Byengagingcriticallywiththiscontent,wehopethatreaderswillemergewithadeeperunderstandingoftheimplicationsofPCSsontheirownworkandindustryandfindinspirationtoexplorenewopportunitiesandapproaches.

Candidatefutureanalytics.ThescopeofthisfirstattempttocoverthePCSfundamentalsisdefactolimited.Infutureeditions,wehopetoexploretheevolvingroleofemergingtechnologiesinenhancingPCSfunctionalitiesandcapabilities,andtechniquesforanalyzingbigdatageneratedbyPCSstosupportinformeddecision-makingforportlogisticsandtradefacilitation.Finally,weplantodelvedeeperintothechallengesandopportunitiesassociatedwithpotentialcontributionstoreducingcarbonfoot-printsinsupportofgreenportinitiatives.

Thescopeofthisstudy.ThecompletePCSstudyincludesanumberofthematicchaptersandcasestudies2.Weembarkonacomprehensiveexplorationoftheconcept,evolution,andimpactofthePCSinmodernglobaltrade.WedelveintothestrategiesandbestpracticesforimplementingaPCSandexaminethe

1WorldBank.(2020).AcceleratingDigitalization:CriticalActionstoStrengthentheResilienceoftheMaritimeSupplyChain.WorldBank

2AvailableattheofficialwebsiteoftheWorldBank’sTradeandRegionalIntegrationDepartment

EXECutIvESuMMARy

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TheConceptandGlobalEvolutionofthePCS

WhatisaPCS?APCSisadigitalplatformdesignedtofacilitateandoptimizetheexchangeofinformationanddatabetweenawiderangeofportstakeholders,includingshippers,cargoowners,carriers,terminaloperators,freightforwarders,clearingagents,portandmari