语法专题11 there be句型和介词

语法专题11therebe句型和介词一、Therebe句型1.构成Therebe句型表示的是“某处有/存在某人或某物”，其结构为“Therebe(is，are)＋名词＋地点状语”。Thereareforty-twostudentsinourclass.我们班有42名同学。Thereisapencilinmypencil-box.我的铅笔盒里有一支铅笔。2.各种句式(1)否定句：Therebe＋not＋名词＋地点状语。其中not也可以用no表示。即：no＋名词＝nota/an/any＋名词。她的包里有个橘子。Thereisanorangeinherbag.→Thereisnoorangeinherbag.＝Thereisn’tany/anorangeinherbag.树上有几只鸟。Therearesomebirdsinthetree.→Therearenobirdsinthetree.＝Therearen’tanybirdsinthetree.(2)一般疑问句：Bethere＋名词＋地点状语？回答：Yes,therebe./No,therbe＋not.她的手提包里有点钱。Thereissomemoneyinherhandbag.—Isthereanymoneyinherhandbag?—Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.【留意】确定句变为否定句或一般疑问句时，句中的some应改为any。(3)特殊疑问句：①对Therebe结构中名词的数量提问：当对可数名词的量提问时用：Howmany＋可数名词复数＋arethere＋地点状语？当对不行数名词的量提问时用：Howmuch＋不行数名词＋isthere＋地点状语？这条街上有40个商店。Therearefortyshopsonthisstreet.→Howmanyshopsarethereonthisstreet?树上有一只鸟。Thereisabirdinthetree.→Howmanybirdsarethereinthetree?桌子上有一些面包。Thereissomebreadonthetable.→Howmuchbreadisthereonthetable?②对Therebe结构中的名词提问时用：指物：Whatis＋地点状语？指人：Whois＋地点状语？课桌上有很多书。Therearemanybooksonthedesk.→What’sonthedesk?房间里有三个男孩儿。Therearethreeboysintheroom.→Whoisintheroom?3.用法(1)Therebe句型中，be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持全都。Thereisabasketballinthebox.盒子里有一个篮球。Therearemanypeopleinthehall.大厅里有很多人。(2)假如有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持全都，也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。Thereisanappleandsomebananasinthebasket.篮子里有一个苹果和一些香蕉。Therearesomebananasandanappleinthebasket.篮子里有一些香蕉和一个苹果。4.therebe与have的区分(1)therebe句型表示“有”时，侧重于客观，表示“某处有/存在某人或某物”，此时不强调此物归谁全部。(2)have表示“有”时，侧重于主观，表示“某人拥有某物”，此时强调“所属关系”，主语多是人。(3)二者有时可以通用，表示“某物本身拥有……”。Theroomhastendesks.＝Therearetendesksintheclassroom.教室里有十张桌子。学习时需要留意的问题：therebe句型表示有某人或某物。其构成是：Therebe＋人或物＋地点状语(常由介词短语构成).【考向一】therebe句型的主语通常在be之后。假如句子的主语是单数可数名词或不行数名词，be用is；假如句子主语是可数名词复数，be用are。Thereissomemilkinthebottle.瓶子里有些奶。Therearesomepencilsinmypencilbox.我的铅笔盒里有些铅笔。【典例】There________acardontheteacher’sdeskfiveminutesago,butnowitisgone.A.have B.is C.was【考向二】therebe的疑问句式要把be提到there前，确定回答为“Yes,thereis/are.”，否定回答为“No,thereisn’t/aren’t.”。留意不要用“Yes,itis/theyare.”或“No,itisn’t/theyaren’t.”来回答。—Arethereanyflowersinyourschool?你们学校里有一些花吗？—Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.是的，有。/不，没有。—Isthereabagonthechair?椅子上有个包吗？—Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.是的，有。/不，没有。【典例】1.—________thereanylivingthingsonotherplanets?—Ihavenoidea.Maybewecanknowmoreaboutthatinthefuture.A.Is B.AreC.Has D.Have2.—Isthereawatermelononthetable?—________A.Yes,thereis. B.Yes,itis.C.No,thereis. D.No,itisn’t.【考向三】therebe的否定句式是在be后面加not，isnot可缩写为isn’t；arenot可缩写为aren’t。Therearesomegirlsinthephoto.那张照片中有些女孩。Therearen’tanygirlsinthephoto.(否定句)那张照片中没有女孩。【典例】—Weorderedbeefnoodles,but________anybeefinthenoodles.—Putonyourglassesandyoucanseethebeef.A.thereisn’t B.thereisC.therearen’t D.thereare【考向四】therebe后跟两个或两个以上主语时，be的数要与离它最近的主语的数保持全都，即“就近原则”。表示场所、方向的介词（1）表示场所的介词：at,in,on,under,by,near,between,around,opposite（2）表示方向的介词：into,outof,along,across,through,up,past①at,inat在某地（表示比较狭窄的场所）atschool上学 athome在家standatthedoor站在门边 atafactory在一家工厂atthebottomof在……下面 attheparty在聚会上attheendof在……末尾 atthetable在桌旁atthestation在火车站 atthecrossroads在十字路口atwork在上班 atthebusstop在公共汽车站►I’llmeethimattheBeijingrailwaystation.我将去北京站接他。in在某地（表示比较宽敞的场所）inBeijing在北京 intheworld在世界上 inthehouse在房子里►Hisbrotherisinprisonandwasarrested2yearsago.他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。►ShewasborninChina.她是在中国诞生的。②on,above,over,under,belowon在……上面，有接触面。onthedesk在桌子上面；onthemap在地图上。on在……靠近……的地方ontheright在右边 onthescreen在屏幕上 ontheriver在河边 onthefarm在农场onthefloor在地板上 ontheisland/beach在岛上/海滨 onthepavement在人行道上above在……上方►Ourplaneflewabovetheclouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。over在……正上方，是under的反义词►ThereisalightoverLiMing.李明的正上方有一盏灯。►Afewbirdswereflyingoverthesea.有几只鸟在海上飞。►under在……下面；在……之内underthetable桌子下面 underthejacket在夹克内►Thedogisunderthetable.这只狗在桌子下面。below在……下方（不肯定是正下方）正下方是under，below是above的反义词。►Therearealotoffishesbelowthesurfaceofthewater.水面下有很多各式各样的鱼。③near,bynear近的，不远的near=notfar，是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。inthenearfuture在不久的将来►Isthereabusstopnearhere?这儿四周有公共汽车站吗？by在……旁边，距离比near要近bythewindow在窗户旁边 byme在我旁边►Theboyisstandingbythewindow.这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。④between,among,aroundbetween在两者之间►MyteacherissittingbetweenTomandMike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。►What’sthedifferencebetweenAandB?A和B之间有什么区分？among在三者或更多的之中►Thereisabeautifulhouseamongthetrees.在树林之中有一间秀丽的房子。►Heisverypopularamongthestudents.他在同学之中很受欢迎（很出名）。around环绕，在……四周，在……四周►Wesataroundthetable.我们在桌子四周坐下来。►Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球围绕太阳转。⑤infrontof，behind，oppositeinfrontof早……的前面；在……的前部►Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.►Thereisabigdeskfortheteacherinthefrontoftheclassroom.在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。behind在……后面behind是infrontof的反义词►Thereisatreebehindmyhouse.我家房子后面有一颗树。►Thereisatreeatthebackofmyhouse.我家房子后面有一棵树。opposite在……对面►Ourschoolisoppositeauniversity,我们学校在一所高校的对面。►Hestoodoppositeme.他站在我对面。⑥in,into,outof,upin在……之内，用于表示静止的位置►Thestudentsareintheclassroom.同学们在教室里。into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go,come,walk,run等。►Thestudentsrunintotheclassroom.同学们跑进教室。►Hejumpedintothewater.他跳入水中。outof和into一样，也表示有肯定的运动方向►Thestudentsrushedoutoftheroom.同学们冲出房间。outof的基本含义：从……到外面，离开；在……范围之外；从（某个数）之中up移动►Thechildrenclimbedupthetree.孩子们爬上了树。⑦along,across,past,throughalong沿着►Iwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenitbegantorain.我正沿着河边闲逛     ，突然下起雨来了。across横过►Ioftenswimacrosstheriver.我常游泳横渡这条河。past经过►Everydayherunspastthecityhall.他每天跑步经过市政府。through贯穿，通过►Thesunshonethroughtheclouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。►Theriverwasthroughthecity.这条河穿过这个城市。⑧to,from,for单词含义例句to到达……地点（目的地）或方向HecametoJapanin1980.他1980年来到日本。from从……地点起leaverfor动身去……startfor动身去……IwillleaveforAmericanextweek.下周我将动身去美国。for表示目的地，＂向……＂for表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。It’sabouttenminutes’walkfromheretothecinema.从这儿到电影院大约需步行格外钟。一、单项选择1．Thereisablackboard_________thewall.A．in B．at C．on D．behind2．Wewanttobuild(建筑)anothernewGreatGreenWall________thenorthernpartofChina.A．among B．acrossC．through D．between3．Iusuallysit________theclassroom,sothatIcanheartheteacherwholikestostand________theclassclearly.A．infrontof;inthefrontof B．inthefrontof;infrontofC．infrontof;infrontof D．inthefrontof;inthefrontof4．Ihaveadictionary.It’s________thecomputerandthewall.A．behind B．betweenC．before D．under5．Lilyissonervousthatshecan’ttalk________theclass.A．behind B．nextto C．infrontof D．beside6．—Excuseme,isthereabanknearhere?

—No,________.ButyoucanfindoneinYangFangRoad.A．thereisn’t B．itisn’t C．thereis7．—What’sonthetable?—________somebreadonit.A．Thereis B．Thereare C．Theyare8．—Look!Ablindmanisinthemiddleofthestreet.It’stoodangerous.

—Let’shelphimgo________thestreet.A．cross B．through C．across9．WhileIamstanding________thewindow,Iseesomeboysrunning________thestreet.A．by;along B．on;at C．in;on D．to;in10．Remembertospendsometime________yourfamily.A．from B．with C．in D．on11．—Guess,howmuchisit?—Ithinkitis________15and20dollars.A．from B．between C．among D．with12．There________twoclothesstoresandapolicestationinourneighborhood.A．is B．has C．are D．have13．Canyouseethebuilding________thebank?A．next B．over C．across D．opposite14．Arivergoes________thevillageandmakesitintotwoparts.A．over B．under C．across D．through15．—Whatcanyousee,Maria?—Icanseeacar________thehouseandaboyissitting________it.A．infrontof;infrontof B．infrontof;inthefrontof C．inthefrontof;infrontof16．Thetwoboyshelpedtheoldmango________thestreetjustnow.A．above B．over C．through D．across17．A:Thereisatree________ofourclassroom.B:Yes,itisbig.Look!Thereisabird________it.A．infront;on B．inthefront;on C．infront;in D．inthefront;in18．Thesupermarketisacross________thepark.A．to B．in C．from D．for19．Walk________thisstreet,andyoucanseeit.A．in B．along C．on D．near20．—WhatdidSnowWhitedo________suchasnowynight?—Shewalked________thedarkforestalone.A．in;through B．in;across C．on;through D．on;along21．Thereisabigtree________thehouse.A．infrontof B．inthefrontof C．on D．to22．Isthereariver________thehouse?A．to B．of C．in D．behind23．There________afootballmatchbetweenArgentinaandSpainnextweek.A．willhave B．has C．have D．willbe24．Itrytogetintotheroom________thewindowbecauseIcan’topenthedoor.A．cross B．thought C．across D．through25．Theyarehavingdinner________thetable________thewindow.A．at;by B．on;near C．at;in D．on;by26．Thereisablackboard_______theclassroom.A．infrontof B．in C．behind D．on27．There’saboat__________theriver.A．on B．in C．between D．behind28．Inordertoseethebeautifulsunrise,Iusuallygoforawalk________theriverinthemorning.A．across B．in C．along D．on29．Ilikewalkingmydog________theparkroadafterdinnereveryday.It’sgoodformyhealth.A．above B．on C．under D．along30．Adogissittinginfront________thehouse.A．on B．of C．to D．in31．IlikethispieceofmusicbecauseIcansing________it.A．alongand B．alongwith C．with D．along32．Mygrandma’spetcatgoes________thewindowandrunsintoherroom.A．across B．through C．over D．in33．Theparkis________yourhome.Youcanwalk________there.A．near;to B．farfrom;/ C．near;/ D．close;to34．There________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A．was B．isgoingtohave C．willhave D．isgoingtobe35．Thereisabridge________theriver.Becarefulwhenyou________it.A．above;across B．above;cross C．over;across D．over;cross36．Boys,thereisabridge________theriver.Becarefulwhenyougo________it.A．across;over B．cross;over C．over;cross D．over;across37．—________there________anoperashownextweek?—Yes,thereis.A．Will;be B．Will;have C．Is;goingtohave D．Is;goingtobe38．―________there__________a“helpinghands”meetingthisweekend?―Yes,allthevolunteerswillgotoit.A．Is;goingtohave B．Is;haveC．Is;be D．Is;goingtobe39．—WilltherebeanInternationalFilmFestivalinAugust?—Yes,________.A．thereis B．thereare C．therewill D．therewillbe40．Thereisabridge_________theriver.Becarefulwhenyou_________it.A．over,cross B．over,across C．across,over D．cross,over二、完形填空ThamesisthemostimportantriverinGreatBritain.Therearetwenty­-seven41overtheriver.TowerBridgehasstoodovertheRiverThamesinLondonsince1894.Itisoneofthe42bridgesofall.43makesTowerBridgesoamazing(令人惊异的)?Whydosomanyvisitorscomingfrom44theworldgotoseeit?ItisbecauseTowerBridgecanopeninthemiddle.Itdoesthistoletbigshipsgo45tothePoolofLondon.ItistheonlybridgeinLondonthatcanberaisedtoallow46topass.Youare47enoughtoseethebridgewithitstwoopeningarmshighintheair.Youcan48thewonderfulviews(景色)oftheriveronit.49itsnorthsidestandstheTowerofLondon.Theylookveryold,andyoumaythinktheyareofthesameage.However,youare50.Thetowerisalmostonethousandyearsold,butTowerBridgeisonlyaboutonehundredyearsold.41．A．theatres B．parks C．stores D．bridges42．A．mostfamous B．largest C．longest D．highest43．A．When B．How C．What D．Where44．A．allover B．above C．among D．between45．A．along B．over C．out D．through46．A．cars B．ships C．planes D．bikes47．A．famous B．rich C．lucky D．old48．A．enjoy B．like C．take D．discover49．A．In B．On C．At D．Of50．A．right B．clever C．wrong D．serious从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。MynameisJulie.Iamtheonlygirloutof51childreninmyfamily.Ihavethreebrothers.Their52arePeter,JackandJames.Thisyearmyfamily53toanewcityandwerentabigapartment.Iliveathomewithmyparentsandthreebrothers.It’sabighouse54thelake（湖）onahill.Weallhaveourownrooms.Look,theroomwithabigwindowis55.Icanseetrees,birdsandflowersfromthe56.Ilikeourhouseverymuch!Mybrothers57likethehouse.Theycan58footballonthehill.Andit’soneoftheirfavorite59todo.Myparentslikethehouse,too.Therearen’tmanypeople60onthehill.Myparentslikequiet（安静的）andcleanplaces.Wearehappyandhavingagoodtimehere.51．A．two B．three C．four52．A．names B．numbers C．cards53．A．run B．get C．move54．A．in B．on C．near55．A．yours B．mine C．ours56．A．garden B．yard C．window57．A．also B．only C．always58．A．make B．study C．play59．A．subjects B．ways C．things60．A．learning B．living C．walking三、阅读理解AOneday,atiredwoman,MrsBrown,comestoseeherdoctor.Shesays,“Doctor,therearealotofdogsoutsidemyhouse.Theybarkalldayandallnight,soIcan’tgetagoodsleep.Canyouhelpme?“

“Ihavegoodnewsforyou.“saysthedoctor,givinghersamepills(药丸).“Herearesomenewsleepingpillsthatworkverywell.Takeafewoftheseandyourtroublewillbeover.”

“Great.Thankyou.”MrsBrowngoesbackhomewiththepillshappily.

Afewweekslater,thewomancomesagain.Shesays,“Doctor,yourpillsarenotgoodatall.Iamworsethanbefore.”

“Idon’tunderstandhowthatcouldbe.”saysthedoctor,“Thosearethebestpills.”

“Thatmaybetrue,”answersthewoman.“butI’mstillupallnightrunningafterthosedogs.AndwhenIfinallycatchone.It’ssodifficulttogethimtoeatthepills.”61．Mrs.Browngoestoseethedoctorbecause________.A．shewantstokeepalovelydog B．shecan’tfindherdogC．herdogisn’tfine D．shecan’tsleepwell62．Thedoctorsayshehassomegoodnewsbecause________.A．hethinksthesleepingpillswillhelpMrs.BrownB．MrsBrownlooksmuchbetterthanbeforeC．hewilltakeallthedogsawaysoonD．Mrs.Brownbringshimsomenewpills63．Theword“him”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto(指代)“________”.A．thedogthewomancatches B．thewoman’sfriendC．thedoctor D．thewoman’sneighbor64．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．MrsBrownkeepsmanydogsinherhouseB．ThesleepingpillsarenotgoodatallC．Mrs.BrownthinksthepillsareforthedogsD．Mrs.Brownisrunningafterthosedogstodrivethemaway65．AfterhearingMrs,Brown’swords,thedoctormightthink________.A．hispillsarenotsogood B．thedogsare