2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit2Theuniversallanguage泛读知识细解码学案牛津译林版选择性必修第一册

PAGEUnit2Theuniversallanguage1．composevt.&vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使冷静→composern．作曲家，作曲者2．pleasevt.使满足；使兴奋→pleasedadj.兴奋的；开心的→pleasantadj.令人开心的，可喜的；友好的，和善的→pleasuren．兴奋的事，乐事3．transformvi.&vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化→transformationn．变更，改观，转变，改革4．adaptvt.使适应；改编→adaptationn．改编本，改写本；适应5．sorrown．哀痛，哀思；难过事→sorrowfuladj.哀痛的，哀思的6．combinevt.&vi.(使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做；合并→combinationn．结合；结合体composevt.&vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使冷静①Tenmencomposethecommittee. 组成②Mozartcomposedhislastoperashortlybeforehedied. 作曲③IwassoconfusedthatIcouldhardlycomposemythoughts. 使冷静WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(学问要点1)deservevt.值得，应得(教材P16)It'sapiecethatreallydeservestobeheard.这首曲子真的很值得听。[例]Thereportdeservescarefulconsideration.这份报告应当赐予仔细考虑。[归纳拓展](1)deserveconsideration/attention值得考虑/留意deservetodo 应当/应受……deservetobedone＝deservedoingsth.＝deservesth. 值得/应当做某事(2)deservedadj. 应得的；该受的；理所应当的deservingadj. 应得的，值得的[即学即练]句型转换/单句语法填空①Shecheatedduringtheexamanddeservedtobepunished.→Shecheatedduringtheexamanddeservedpunishing．→Shecheatedduringtheexamanddeservedpunishment．②Mr.Branson'svictory，andalltheattendantpublicity，werewelldeserved(deserve)．③Themoneysavedcouldbeusedformoredeserving(deserve)causes.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点2)tearapart使(关系亲密的人)分别，分开(教材P16)Themusictookmethroughthetwistsandturnsofaclassicstoryaboutayoungcoupletornapartbytheirfamilies.这首乐曲带着我体验了一个跌宕起伏的经典故事，故事讲的是一对被双方家庭拆散的年轻情侣。[例]Butwhenamisunderstandingarises，theirlifelongfriendshipsuddenlythreatenstotearapart.但是当误会出现的时候，她们终生的友情突然间受到裂开的威逼。[归纳拓展]tearout 撕下，扯下，拔起tearup 撕碎，拔起teardown 撕下，拆毁tearat 撕扯某物tearsth.open 把某物撕开tearsth.to/intopieces 把某物撕成碎片[即学即练]完成句子①这本书的前几页被人撕掉了。Thefirstpagesofthisbookweretornoutbysomeone.②许多树被大风拔起了。Manytreesweretornout/upbythestrongwind.③她一看完就把信撕碎了。Shetoreuptheletterthemomentshereadit.④工人们把旧房拆了，在原址建起了新居。Theworkmentoredowntheoldhouseandbuiltanewoneinitsplace.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点3)whispervi.&vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响n．低语；温柔的声音；传言(教材P16)Whenthetwolovers，LiangShanboandZhuYingtai，firstmeet，themusicislightandpleasant，asifwhisperingtotheaudience.当梁山伯和祝英台这对恋人初次见面时，乐曲轻快悦耳，仿佛在向观众耳语。[例]“Canyoumeetmetonight？”hewhispered.“你今晚能和我见面吗？”他小声地问。[归纳拓展](1)whispertosb. 与某人耳语，向某人小声说whispersth.inone'sear 附在某人耳朵上说Itis/waswhisperedthat... 据隐私传言……(2)inawhisper/whispers 低声地givesb.thewhisper 对某人耳语，给某人以示意[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hewhisperedtohersothatnooneelsewouldhear.②Itiswhisperedthathisbusinessisfalling.③Theysatatthebackoftheroom，talkinginwhispers(whisper)．[小片段填空]Itiswhisperedthattheyoungmanwasarrestedforrobbery.Mybestfriendwhispered(whisper)tomethebadnews.Hethoughtthatkindofnewsshouldbetoldinwhispers(whisper)．eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点4)transformvi.&vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化(教材P16)Finally，duringthemostexcitingpart，themusictakesasofterturnandendsonabittersweetnote，tellingushowthecoupletransformintobutterfliesandflyawaytobetogetherforever.最终，在最激烈人心的部分，乐曲以一个柔软的转折和一个苦乐参半的音符结束，告知我们这对情侣为了恒久在一起如何变成蝴蝶飞走。[例]Anewcolourschemewilltransformyourbedroom.新的色调方案将使你的卧房面貌一新。[归纳拓展](1)transformAintoB 使A变成Btransforminto 转变成betransformedfromAtoB 从A搬到Btransformsth./sb.fromosth. 把某物/某人从某物转变成某物(2)transformationn. (外观或性质的)变更、变革[即学即练]单句语法填空①TenyearsofhardworktransformedMathildecompletelyintoanordinaryhousewife.②Theireffortshavetransformedthebaldhillintoonecoveredwithgreentreesallover.③Whatatransformation(transform)！Youlookgreat.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点5)relyon依靠，依靠；信任(教材P17)Myhostfamilyarebigfansofcountrymusic，soIcanalwaysrelyonthemtointroducemetosomegreatsongs.我的寄宿家庭一家人都是乡村音乐的狂酷爱好者，所以我可以依靠他们给我介绍一些很棒的歌曲。[例]Hecanrelyonmysupportwhenthecrunchcomes.关键时刻，他可以依靠我的支持。[归纳拓展](1)relyonsb./sth.doingsth./todosth. 希望某人或某物做某事relyonitthat... 信任……；希望……(2)reliableadj. 可信任的；可依靠的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Youcanrelyonhimtorespond/responding(respond)toachallenge.②Youmayrelyonitthathewillcometomeetyou.③Wearelookingforsomeonewhoisreliable(rely)andhard­working.[小片段填空]Heisnotareliable(rely)person，soyoucannotrelyonhimtofinishthetaskintime.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点6)surroundingsn．四周，环境(教材P17)Thesimpletunesandbeautifulnaturalimagesareoftenverysuggestiveofcountrysidesurroundings...简洁的曲调和漂亮的自然意境经常让人联想到乡村环境……[例]Thebuildingshavebeendesignedtoblendinwiththeirsurroundings.这些建筑物设计奇妙，与四周环境浑然一体。[归纳拓展](1)surroundvt. 围绕，环绕surround...with... 使……包围……besurroundedby/with... 被……包围(2)surroundingadj. 四周的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Iliketosurroundmyselfwithbeautifulthings.②Lakes，surrounded(surround)byvastgrasslands，looklikejewels.③Thedevelopmentofthesitewillhaveimplicationsforthesurrounding(surround)countryside.[小片段填空]Myhouseissurroundedbyhillsandthesurroundingsceneryisbeautiful，somylivingsurroundingsarepleasant.(surround)eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点7)guaranteevt.保证，担保；确保；为(产品)供应保修n．保证，担保；保修单(教材P17)Iguaranteeyou'llenjoyit!我保证你会喜爱的！[例]Wecannotguarantee(that)allourflightswillneverbedelayed.我们不能保证我们的全部航班均不误点。[归纳拓展](1)guaranteetodosth. 保证做某事guaranteesb.sth./guaranteesth.tosb. 保证某人得到某物beguaranteedtodosth. 确定会做某事(2)givesb.aguarantee 给某人保证/承诺underguarantee 保修期内[即学即练]单句语法填空①Weguaranteetodeliver(deliver)yourgoodswithinaweek.②Nursesintrainingshouldbegivenaguaranteeofemploymentfollowingqualification.③Thecarislessthanayearold，andthereforestillunderguarantee.[小片段填空]Thedealergavemeaguaranteeofexchangingmycarifitwentwrong.Lastweek，mycardidn'twork.SoIgavethedealeracallandhetoldmeitwasunderguarantee.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点8)adaptationn．改编本，改写本；适应(教材P19)Themusicalpiece，anadaptationofXianXinghai'sYellowRiverCantata，tellshowtheChinesepeople，ledbytheCommunistPartyofChina，foughttoovercometheJapaneseinvaders.这首改编自冼星海《黄河大合唱》的乐曲讲解并描述了中国共产党领导的中国人民如何战胜日本侵略者的。[例]BranaghwontwoawardsforhisscreenadaptationofShakespeare'sHenrytheFifth.布拉纳因为对莎士比亚的《亨利五世》的荧幕改编而获得了两次奖。[归纳拓展]adapt(oneself)to 适应adaptsth.forsth. 改编为；使某事物适应或适合beadaptedfrom 由……改编[即学即练]单句语法填空①Sheadaptedherself(her)quicklytothenewlife.②Theauthorisgoingtoadapthisplayfortelevision.③Thefilmhasbeenadaptedfromaplayofthesametitle.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点9)(教材P19)Itconsistsoffourmovements:“TheSongoftheYellowRiverBoatmen”，“OdetotheYellowRiver”，“TheYellowRiverinAnger”and“DefendtheYellowRiver”．它由四个乐章组成：《黄河船夫曲》《黄河颂》《黄河愤》《保卫黄河》。(1)consistof由……组成(或构成)[例]Theexamconsistsofanessayandanunseentranslation.这次考试包括一篇作文和一篇即席翻译。[归纳拓展]eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(consistin,liein))在于；存在于留意：consistof没有被动语态[即学即练]单句语法填空①Trueeducationdoesnotconsistinsimplybeingtaughtfacts.②Theirdietconsistedlargelyofvegetables.[小片段填空]Lifemainlyconsistsofhappinessandsorrowwhilehappinessandsorrowconsistinstruggles.Rememberthatyourideallifeisnotalwaysconsistentwiththereality.(2)defendvt.&vi.爱护，防卫；辩白，辩解[例]Troopshavebeensenttodefendtheborders.已派出部队去保卫边疆。[归纳拓展](1)defendsb./sth.from/against... 爱护某人/某物免受……defendoneself 防卫/为自己辩护(2)defencen. 防卫；防守；辩护indefenceof... 为了防卫……；为……辩护[即学即练]单句语法填空①Allourofficersaretrainedtodefendthemselvesagainst/fromknifeattacks.②Everyoneshouldlearnhowtodefendhimself(him)bythelawfulmeans.③Whatpointscanberaisedindefence(defend)ofthisargument?SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)状语从句的省略(教材P16)Whenthetwolovers，LiangShanboandZhuYingtai，firstmeet，themusicislightandpleasant，asifwhisperingtotheaudience．当梁山伯和祝英台这对恋人初次见面时，乐曲轻快悦耳，仿佛在向观众耳语。句式分析：本句中的asifwhisperingtotheaudience是由asif引导的方式状语从句，省略了themusicis。[例1]Hepausedasif(hewasgoing)toletthesadmemorypass.他停了下来，就似乎要把哀痛的记忆抹去。[例2]Thegirllefttheroomhurriedlyasif(shewas)angry.女孩匆忙离开房间，似乎很生气的样子。[归纳拓展](1)在含有状语从句的复合句中，假如状语从句的主语和句子主语一样，谓语出现be动词时，可以把从句中的主语和be省略。(2)在含有状语从句的复合句中，假如状语从句中出现了itis/was的形式，可以把itis/was省略。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Whencompleted(complete)，themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.②Althoughdoing(do)hisbestinmathsthesedays，hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)形容词作状语(教材P16)Angryandsad，Liangfallssickanddies.由于生气和哀痛，梁山伯生病死了。句式分析：本句中的Angryandsad作状语，表示缘由。形容词作状语表示缘由、时间、伴随状况或结果，并不表达动词的方式。大多与全句用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。[例1]Afterthewar，thesoldiersreturnedhome，safeandsound.斗争结束后，那些士兵安稳无恙地回到了家。[例2]Seeingthesnake，allthefrightenedgirlsstoodthere，unabletospeak.看到那条蛇，全部的女孩站在那里，吓得说不出话来。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Thesetravelersreturnedtothehotel，tiredandsleepy(sleep)．②Helpless(help)，wewatchedourhomedestroyedbeforeoureyes.③他谦逊、随和，很快就使大家一点也不惊慌了。Modestandeasy­going，hesoonputeveryoneatease.(教材P17)ObviouslyIdon'tknowwhatit'strulyliketogrowupinruralAmerica，butthemastersofcountrymusic，likeJohnDenver，canmakeyoufeellikeyou'rethere.[分析]本句是一个复合句，but连接两个分句，表示转折；obviously修饰前面的分句；what引导宾语从句，作know的宾语。[译文]很明显，我不知道在美国农村长大是什么味道，但乡村音乐大师，比如约翰·丹佛，能让你觉得自己就在那里。教材高考1.Finally，duringthemostexcitingpart，themusictakesasofterturnandendsonabittersweetnote，tellingushowthecoupletransformintobutterfliesandflyawaytobetogetherforever.(2024·江苏卷)Butifyoudoittoooften，youcantransformintheeyesofothersfromaconfidentjokertoaChihuahuadog.2.Myhostfamilyarebigfansofcountrymusic，soIcanalwaysrelyonthemtointroducemetosomegreatsongs.(2024·江苏卷)Then，ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists'lab，eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat，intheory,shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.3.Iguaranteeyou'llenjoyit！(2024·北京卷)Ourcourses，totalling20，000hoursofcontentin20differentlanguages，guaranteeyoulanguageskillsyoucanuserightaway.4.Themusicalpiece，anadaptationofXianXinghai'sYellowRiverCantata，tellshowtheChinesepeople，ledbytheCommunistPartyofChina，foughttoovercometheJapaneseinvaders.(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell，ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood，buttotheocean.5.Itconsistsoffourmovements:“TheSongoftheYellowRiverBoatmen”，“OdetotheYellowRiver”，“TheYellowRiverinAnger”and“DefendtheYellowRiver”．(2024·北京卷)...Frenchmanuscript(手稿)consistingofnearly1，000setsofinstructions，coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingtofindingthebestsand.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Helayonthebed，staringattheroof，exhausted(exhaust)．2．Hewon'tgotherewithusunlessinvited(invite)．3．Thegovernmentistryingtosave￡1millionondefence(defend)．4．Marshasaninsubstantialatmosphere，consisting(consist)ofcarbondioxide.5．Therewasalsoconcernabouttheadaptation(adapt)oflawsexercise.6．Underexceptionalconditions，themethodisguaranteedtosucceed(succeed)．7．Youcanrelyonitthatshewon'tbelate.8．Weliveinaworldofimagemediasurroundedwithourlife，imagemediainseparable.9．Thetwolittlegirlstitteredandwhisperedtoeachother.10．Insomeofthosecases，Americahadspecificcomplaintswhichdeservedconsideration/considering/tobeconsidered(consider)．Ⅱ.短语填空turnout;allthetime;relyon;tearapart;throwin;d