山东省潍坊市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题 含解析

高考资源网（），您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。高考资源网（），您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。高考资源网（），您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。高二英语注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Havingarest.B.Climbingupahill.C.Waitingforsomeone.2.WhendidthemanseeJim?A.At3o'clock.B.At4o'clock.C.At5o'clock.3.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Andyfinishedhishomework.B.Andylosthisworkbook.C.Andyliedtotheman.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inatheater.B.Inashop.C.Inachildren'spark.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ateacher.B.AmovieC.Atask.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthemanlike?A.Heisunfashionable.B.Heisimpolite.C.Heisunsociable.7.WhatdoesthemanthinkwillprobablymakeSarah'sparentsshocked?A.Hisclothes.B.Hishairstyle.C.Hisjob.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Theman'sfamilylife.B.Theman'sdailyroutine.C.Theman'sschoolactivities.9.Whatdoesthemanusuallydobeforedoinghishomework?A.Hehasasnack.B.HewatchesTV.C.Hetalkswithhissister.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatisthemandoing?A.Checkingin.B.Bookingrooms.C.Askingaboutthehotel.11.WhydoesthemancometoNewYork?A.Totakeaholiday.B.Tovisitmuseums.C.Tohaveaconference.12.Whatwillthemanprobablydolater?A.Buyamap.B.Havedinner.C.Meetafriend.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatmonthisitnow?A.July.B.August.C.September.14.WhatisthewomangoingtodothisSeptember?A.Startteaching.B.Joinaclub.C.Gotocollege.15.Wheredidthewomanteachchildrenbefore?A.InPrague.B.InLondon.C.InManchester.16.Whatdoesthewoman'sfatherprobablythinkofherbeingateacher?A.Satisfying.B.Unwise.C.Strange.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdoesthespeakerfocuson?A.Hermemoryofabirthday.B.Anorganizationforgirls.C.TheGuides'activities.18.Howoldwasthespeakergoingtobethatweekend?A.10.B.13.C.14.19Whatsurprisedthespeaker?A.Herfriends'turningup.B.Herfriends'stayingupallthenight.C.Herfriends'singingHappyBirthday.20Whatdidtheydoaftertheparty?A.Playgames.B.Gocamping.C.Gobowling.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATherereallyareappsforeverything-andsomecouldendupsavingyourlife.SkinVisionYouwillhavetopayforthisdigitalskincheckapp,eitheronanadhoc(随时)orasubscriptionbasis,butwithanestimatedfifthofskincancersgoingundiagnosedduringlockdown,itcouldbewellworthit.Yousimplytakeaphotoofanysuspiciousspotwithyourphoneandyou'llthenreceiveariskindicationfromSkinVisionwithin30seconds.StJohnAmbulanceFirstAidAnapplikethisismoreusefulforsavingsomeoneelse'slifethanyourown,butarguablyit'sanecessityonyoursmartphone.Itgivesadviceindealingwithemergencies,includingchoking,allergicreactionsandperformingCPR.Youdon'thavetohaveaninternetconnectioninordertouseit.What3wordsThisfreedownloadisoneofagrowingnumberofsmartphoneappsthatcouldmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.What3Wordsdividestheworldinto3×3metresquares,givingeachoneauniquecombinationofthreewords.Thisallowsemergencyservices-oranyoneelseyougivethelocationto-toreachyou.UsedbythevastmajorityofemergencyservicesintheUK,nottomentionothercontrolcentresaroundtheworld,ithasbeencreditedwithsavingthousandsoflives.WhatsAppLotsofususeWhatsAppformessagingandcalling,butdoyouknowitalsohasaLiveLocationfeaturethatcanletalovedoneknowyourwhereaboutsincaseyou'reindanger?Yousimplypressthe+keyinachat,select"Location",andthenpress"ShareLiveLocation",whichenablesanyparticipantsinthechattoseeyourlocationinrealtimeforthedurationyouchoose.1.HowcanSkinVisionhelp?A.Itoffersmedicalcheck. B.Itpreventsskincancer.C.Itgivescuresforskindiseases. D.Itexaminestheskinautomatically.2.Whichappcanbenefitothersmorethanyourself?A.SkinVision. B.StJohnAmbulanceFirstAidC.What3words. D.WhatsApp.3.WhatdoWhat3wordsandWhatsApphaveincommon?A.Theyareoperatedthesameway.BTheycantellotherswhereyouare.C.Theybelongtocommunicationapps.D.Theyareusedbymostemergencyservices.【答案】1.D2.B3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四款能挽救你性命的应用程序。1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Yousimplytakeaphotoofanysuspiciousspotwithyourphoneandyou'llthenreceiveariskindicationfromSkinVisionwithin30seconds.(你只需用手机拍下任何可疑点的照片，你就会在30秒内收到SkinVision的风险提示。)”可知，SkinVision应用程序可以自动检查皮肤。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Anapplikethisismoreusefulforsavingsomeoneelse'slifethanyourown,butarguablyit'sanecessityonyoursmartphone.(像这样的应用程序在拯救别人的生命时比你自己的更有用，但可以说它是你智能手机上的必需品。)”可知，StJohnAmbulanceFirstAid这款应用软件给别人带来的好处远超我们自己。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thisallowsemergencyservices-oranyoneelseyougivethelocationto-toreachyou.(这使得紧急服务——或者任何你提供位置的人——能够联系到你。)”和最后一段“Yousimplypressthe+keyinachat,select"Location",andthenpress"ShareLiveLocation",whichenablesanyparticipantsinthechattoseeyourlocationinrealtimeforthedurationyouchoose.(你只需在聊天中按下+键，选择“位置”，然后按下“共享实时位置”，这可以让聊天中的任何参与者在你选择的时间内实时看到你的位置。)”可知，What3wordsandWhatsApp这两款应用软件的共同之处在于它们可以将你的位置告诉别人。故选B。BCookingisChrisSpear'spassion.He'sbeenprofessionallycookingsincehewas16.Overtheyears,heworkedforbigrestaurantsandreachedapointwherehehadalmost100employeesreportingtohim.That'swhenhemissedflexibilityandwantedtobemorecreative.So,hequitworkingforrestaurantsandsetuphisowncatering(餐饮)company,PerfectLittleBitesinFrederick,Maryland.Spendinglonghoursinthekitchendoesn'ttireSpear,buthehadoftenbeenconcernedthatbecominganindependentchefwouldmakehimfeellonely.Spearsaidhewantedtofindanarrangementthatwouldbebeneficialtoallsuchgroupsbutdidn'tcostthemanymoney.ThatinspiredhimtofoundChefsWithoutRestaurants,anonlineresourceforchefs.NowhehasaFacebookgroupwherehecanpostinformationabout,forinstance,apotentialcustomerwhowantstoarrangeadinnerinagivenlocationandwithinacertainpricerange,andhecanofferinterestedchefsmoreinformation.Customerscanalsobenefitfromthisnetwork.SpearisbuildingawebsitewherecustomerswillbeabletocheckoutprofilesoftheChefsWithoutRestaurantsmembers,learnabouttheirspecialtiesandseewhatkindsofeventstheycancater,largeorsmall.SharonStreb,ownerofOil&VinegarFrederickwhichintroducescookingideasandchefstotheircustomers,saidsmallbusinessesshouldhelponeanothersucceed."Whenotherchefsandbusinessescometomystore,theygetinfrontofourcustomersandhopefullywegetinfrontoftheircustomers.That'sawin-winforbothofus,"shesaid."It'stoughoutthereforasmallbusiness,andnotalotofsmallbusinessessucceed.It'simportantthatwecanworktogetherandbesuccessful,bothofus."That'sthegoalforSpear,whowantstocarveoutaspaceforindependentchefsonthefoodmapinthearea.4.WhydidSpearstarthisownbusiness?A.Hegottiredofbeingachef. B.Helongedtohelpotherchefs.C.Hewantedtomakemoreprofits. D.Hesoughtnottobebound.5.WhatistheoriginalpurposeofChefsWithoutRestaurants?A.Tocompetewithotherchefs. B.Toprovidetrainingforchefs.C.Toshareresourcesamongchefs. D.Tosetupvirtualrestaurants.6.Whatofthenetworkwillappealtocustomers?A.Dataaboutchefs. B.Pricerangesofdinners.C.Locationsofrestaurants. D.Eventsheldaround.7.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodobyquotingSharonStreb'swordsinparagraph4?A.Revealthetoughnessofsmallbusinesses.B.StressthesignificanceofSpear'swork.C.Callonotherbusinessestojointhegroup.D.Showcustomers'appreciationforSpear.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了克里斯·斯皮尔所创建的一个名为“没有餐厅的厨师”的在线资源，目的是在厨师之间共享资源。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Overtheyears,heworkedforbigrestaurantsandreachedapointwherehehadalmost100employeesreportingtohim.That'swhenhemissedflexibilityandwantedtobemorecreative.So,hequitworkingforrestaurantsandsetuphisowncatering（餐饮）company,（多年来，他在大型餐厅工作，有近100名员工向他汇报工作。那时他失去了灵活性，想要更有创造力。所以，他辞掉了餐馆的工作，成立了自己的餐饮公司）”可知斯皮尔开创了自己的事业，因为他不想被束缚。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Spearsaidhewantedtofindanarrangementthatwouldbebeneficialtoallsuchgroupsbutdidn'tcostthemanymoney.ThatinspiredhimtofoundChefsWithoutRestaurants,anonlineresourceforchefs.（斯皮尔说，他想找到一种对所有这些群体都有利的安排，但又不花他们一分钱。这启发他创建了一个为厨师提供在线资源的“没有餐厅的厨师”）”可知“没有餐厅的厨师”的初衷是在厨师之间共享资源。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“SpearisbuildingawebsitewherecustomerswillbeabletocheckoutprofilesoftheChefsWithoutRestaurantsmembers,learnabouttheirspecialtiesandseewhatkindsofeventstheycancater,largeorsmall.（斯皮尔正在建立一个网站，在这个网站上，顾客可以查看“无餐厅厨师”会员的资料，了解他们的专长，并了解他们可以承办的大型或小型活动。）”可知网络中关于厨师的数据会吸引顾客。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“It'stoughoutthereforasmallbusiness,andnotalotofsmallbusinessessucceed.It'simportantthatwecanworktogetherandbesuccessful,bothofus."（对于小企业来说，这是艰难的，而且没有多少小企业能成功。重要的是我们能一起工作并且成功）”以及“smallbusinessesshouldhelponeanothersucceed.（小型企业应该互相帮助取得成功。）”可知引用莎朗·斯特莱布的话来强调斯皮尔的工作的重要性。故选B。CFedupdadsaredesperateforarevolutionwhenitcomestoparentingtraditions-withmillionsofmenwantingtospendmoretimewiththeirnew-bornchildren.Shocknewstatisticsshowthatalmosttwothirdsofdadswouldbekeenontakingmuchmoretimeoffworktospendwiththeirchildrenwhentheyarefirstborn.Yet,while62%offatherssaytheywanttousesharedparentalleavelawstogetamoreevensplit(份额)withmums,almostnoneofthemhaveactuallydoneso.AstudyfromtheUniversityofBirminghamsuggestedthatanumberoffactorsaregettingintheway.Itpointedtoworkplaceculture,socialexpectationsandfinancialpressuresallbeingseriousbarrierstoprogress.SinceApril2015,parentshavebeenabletoshareupto50weekstoleaveand37weeksofpay.Estimatessuggestonlyonepercentofcoupleshaveusedtherules,suggestingoldhabitsareprovinghardtoshift.Interestingly,mumsaremorelukewarmwhenitcomestochange.Asurveyshowed41%ofmumsareopentoamoreequalsplitoftime-but42%areopposedtousingthenewlaws.Onlyjust27%ofdadsareagainsttheidea.ThesurveyfindingscomefromaresearchbyLegal&General.Itsurveyedover1,000UKparentswithchildrenuptotheageof16.Itfound,particularlyamongGenerationZ—thenewestandyoungestagegroupofparents,69%wouldliketosplittheirparentalleaveeitherequallyormoreevenly.Thatcomparesto54%ofmillennials(千禧一代).It’sclearthatthere’sastrongappetiteintheUKtomakeuseofsharedparentalleaveandthatthisfaroutweighsthecurrentuseofthescheme(方案).8.Whichmaybestdescribemostfathers’situationconcerningparenting?A.Realitycallsforhope. B.Ambitionamountstonothing.C.Desiremeetswithhardfacts. D.Hardworkcontributestosuccess.9.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheword“lukewarm”underlinedinparagraph3?A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Anxious. D.Unwilling.10.Howdoestheauthororganizethetext?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Byexplainingreasons.C.Bystatingarguments. D.Byprovidingresearchresults.11.Whatcouldbethebesttitle?A.SharedParentalLeaveLaws B.ParentingTraditionsC.AppetiteforaParentingRevolution D.MoreDaysOff,MoreLove【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在英国共享育儿假法的实施情况，以及不同人群对它的态度。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Shocknewstatisticsshowthatalmosttwothirdsofdadswouldbekeenontakingmuchmoretimeoffworktospendwiththeirchildrenwhentheyarefirstborn.”（令人震惊的新统计数据显示，近三分之二的父亲希望在他们的孩子新出生时能抽出更多的时间陪孩子。）和第二段的“Yet,while62%offatherssaytheywanttousesharedparentalleavelawstogetamoreevensplit(份额)withmums,almostnoneofthemhaveactuallydoneso.AstudyfromtheUniversityofBirminghamsuggestedthatanumberoffactorsaregettingintheway.Itpointedtoworkplaceculture,socialexpectationsandfinancialpressuresallbeingseriousbarrierstoprogress.（然而，尽管62%的父亲表示，他们希望通过共享育儿假法来与母亲更公平地分配产假，但他们中几乎没有人真的这么做了。伯明翰大学的一项研究表明，有很多因素在阻碍这一进程。报告指出，工作场所文化、社会期望和财务压力都是进步的严重障碍）”可知，虽然大多数父亲表达了愿意花时间照顾孩子的愿望，但受到了很多因素的阻碍。由此可知，大多数父亲的育儿现状是：期待遇到了残酷的事实。故选C项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Asurveyshowed41%ofmumsareopentoamoreequalsplitoftime-but42%areopposedtousingthenewlaws.”（一项调查显示，41%的妈妈愿意接受更平等的时间分配，但是42%的妈妈反对使用新法律。）可知，当谈到改变时，很多妈妈们是不愿意的，推测划线单词表示“不情愿的”，与unwilling同义。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，文章第一段提到数据统计，第二段提到伯明翰大学的研究，第三段提到一项调查，第四段提到研究的调查结果，所以作者是通过提供研究成果来组织文章的。故选D项。【11题详解】标题判断题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了共享育儿假法的实施情况，以及不同人权对它的态度。所以“共享育儿假法”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。DAntarctica'sThwaitesGlacierhasbeeninthespotlightinrecentyears,asscientistshaveundertakenamulti-partinternationalprojecttostudythevastglacierfromallangles.TheurgencycomesfromobservationsandanalysesshowingthattheamountoficeflowingfromThwaites—andcontributingtosealevelrise—hasdoubledinthepastthreedecades.Scientiststhinktheglaciercouldwitnessevenmoredramaticchangesinthenearfuture.Thisimagepairdemonstratesthechangesthathaveoccurredsincethestartofthiscentury.Thefirstimageshowstheglacier'sfloatingicetongueonDecember2,2001.ThesecondimageshowstheglacieronDecember28,2019.BothimagesshowtheglacierwhereitexitsthelandinWestAntarcticaandstretchesovertheAmundsenSeaasthickfloatingice.Icethatoriginatesonlandcanraisesealevelifitisdeliveredtotheoceanatafasterratethanitisbeingreplacedinlandbysnowfall.TheflowspeedofThwaiteshasbeenincreasing,whileinlandsnowfallhasnotchangedsignificantly.Inthepasttenyears,thetonguehascontinuedtobreakandseparatefromtheThwaitesEasternIceShelf.Bythetimethe2019imagewasacquired,themaintonguehaddeclinedgreatly,andtheoceaninfrontofThwaiteshadbecomefilledwithfloatingice.Thwaitespoursabout50billiontonsoficeintotheoceaneachyear.Thatamountisnothingtosneezeat.Butforthetimebeing,it's“stillarelativelysmallamountofsea-levelrise,”saidTedScambos,ascientistattheUniversityofColorado.“Whatthesatellitesareshowingusisaglaciercomingapart,"saidTedScambos.”Everyfewyearsanewareaseemstobelettinggoandspeeding.Liketaffybeingstretchedout,thisglacierisbeingdrawnintotheocean.”12.WhatmakesAntarctica'sThwaitesGlacierafocusofattention?A.Scientists'efforttoprotectit B.Therisingsealevel.C.Changeinfloatingicequantity. D.Thecharmofitsvastbody.13.Whatdoesparagraph2functionas?A.Anexample. B.Anexplanation. C.Aconclusion. D.Asummary.14.HowdoesTedfeelaboutthefutureoftheglacier?A.Unconcerned. B.Confused. C.Uncertain. D.Worried.15.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanthistextbefound?A.EnergyFrontier. B.EarthObservatory.C.ClimateAction. D.SpaceExploration.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了南极洲的思韦茨冰川浮冰量在过去30年里增加了一倍，引起了人们的关注。文章通过两张照片来解释了这一变化，并说明了科学家对此的看法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Antarctica'sThwaitesGlacierhasbeeninthespotlightinrecentyears,asscientistshaveundertakenamulti-partinternationalprojecttostudythevastglacierfromallangles.TheurgencycomesfromobservationsandanalysesshowingthattheamountoficeflowingfromThwaites—andcontributingtosealevelrise—hasdoubledinthepastthreedecades.Scientiststhinktheglaciercouldwitnessevenmoredramaticchangesinthenearfuture.(南极洲的思韦茨冰川近年来一直是人们关注的焦点，因为科学家们已经开始了一项由多个部分组成的国际项目，从各个角度研究这片巨大的冰川。这种紧迫性来自于观察和分析，这些观察和分析表明，从思韦特流出的冰的数量在过去30年里增加了一倍，而这些冰是导致海平面上升的因素之一。科学家们认为，在不久的将来，冰川可能会经历更剧烈的变化)”可知，浮冰量变化让南极洲的思韦茨冰川成为人们关注的焦点。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thisimagepairdemonstratesthechangesthathaveoccurredsincethestartofthiscentury.Thefirstimageshowstheglacier'sfloatingicetongueonDecember2,2001.ThesecondimageshowstheglacieronDecember28,2019.BothimagesshowtheglacierwhereitexitsthelandinWestAntarcticaandstretchesovertheAmundsenSeaasthickfloatingice.Icethatoriginatesonlandcanraisesealevelifitisdeliveredtotheoceanatafasterratethanitisbeingreplacedinlandbysnowfall.TheflowspeedofThwaiteshasbeenincreasing,whileinlandsnowfallhasnotchangedsignificantly.(这对图像展示了自本世纪初以来发生的变化。第一张图片显示的是2001年12月2日冰川漂浮的冰舌。第二张照片显示的是2019年12月28日的冰川。这两张图片都显示了冰川离开南极洲西部的陆地，以厚厚的浮冰的形式延伸到阿蒙森海。如果陆地上的冰以更快的速度流入海洋，而不是被降雪取代，那么海平面就会升高。思韦茨地区的降雪速度一直在增加，而内陆降雪变化不明显)”可推知，第二段的作用是解释照片，故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“"Whatthesatellitesareshowingusisaglaciercomingapart,"saidTedScambos."Everyfewyearsanewareaseemstobelettinggoandspeeding.Liketaffybeingstretchedout,thisglacierisbeingdrawnintotheocean.”(TedScambos说：“卫星向我们显示的是冰川正在分离。每隔几年，似乎就会有一个新的领域出现并加速发展。就像太妃糖被拉长一样，这座冰川正被拖进海洋。”)”可推知，泰德对冰川的未来感到担忧。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Antarctica'sThwaitesGlacierhasbeeninthespotlightinrecentyears,asscientistshaveundertakenamulti-partinternationalprojecttostudythevastglacierfromallangles.TheurgencycomesfromobservationsandanalysesshowingthattheamountoficeflowingfromThwaites—andcontributingtosealevelrise—hasdoubledinthepastthreedecades.Scientiststhinktheglaciercouldwitnessevenmoredramaticchangesinthenearfuture.(南极洲的思韦茨冰川近年来一直是人们关注的焦点，因为科学家们已经开始了一项由多个部分组成的国际项目，从各个角度研究这片巨大的冰川。这种紧迫性来自于观察和分析，这些观察和分析表明，从思韦特流出的冰的数量在过去30年里增加了一倍，而这些冰是导致海平面上升的因素之一。科学家们认为，在不久的将来，冰川可能会经历更剧烈的变化)”结合文章主要说明了南极洲的思韦茨冰川浮冰量在过去30年里增加了一倍，引起了人们的关注。文章通过两张照片来解释了这一变化，并说明了科学家对此的看法。可推知，文章可能选自网站的“气候行动”部分。故选C。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Somepeoplehaveadependencyonanafternoonnap.___16___Itcanalsohelpthemfeelmorealert(机敏的)fortheafternoonahead.EvenBorisJohnsonsupposedlyfavorsapowernapduringhisworkday.WinstonChurchill,AlbertEinstein,andLeonardoDaVinciwereallfamousnappers.Nappingisagreatwaytofeelmorerestedandalert-andsomeresearchshowsitcarbenefitourcognitivefunction.___17___Ifyouneedtobealertrightafterwakingup,so-called"powernaps"of10-30minutesarerecommended.Whileshortnapsaregreatforincreasingenergy,longernapsaremorebeneficialforlearning.Accordingtotheresearch,theyimproveactivationofthehippocampus—anareaofthebrainimportantforlearningandmemory.___18______19___It'spossiblethattheyhelpthebraincleanupsleep-inducing(诱导睡眠的)wasteproductsthatwouldotherwiseholdupbrainactivity,andthattheyrefillthebrain'senergystores.Shortnapsmayalsohelpimproveyourattentionbylettingparticularlysleepyareasofthebrainrecover,hencepreventinginstabilityinthebrain'snetworks.Althoughnappinghasmanypositiveshort-termeffects,theyarenotrecommendedforpeoplewhosufferfrominsomnia（失眠症）.Becausenapsdecreasesleepiness,theymaymakeithardertofallasleepwhengoingtobedintheevening.___20___Forinstance,ifthebestperformanceisneededinstantlyafterwards,don'tnap,asitmaytakesometimetofullywakeup.A.ButmanymoreprefernottoB.Itistocatchuponlostsleep.C.Howhasnappingbecomesopopular?D.NapsshouldalsobeavoidedinsomesituationsE.WhyshortnapsaresobeneficialisnotwellunderstoodF.However,youmaywanttoconsiderhowlongyouhavetonap.G.Aone-to-two-hournapbenefitsbothmotorskillsandmemoryabilities.【答案】16.B17.F18.G19.E20.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了打盹的好处。【16题详解】根据下句“Itcanalsohelpthemfeelmorealert（机敏的）fortheafternoonahead.(午休也有助于人们下午感觉更加机敏)”可知空格处是在讲午休的一个好处。根据相似结构可知B.Itistocatchuponlostsleep.(它能补上失去的睡眠)符合语境,故选B。【17题详解】根据下句“Ifyouneedtobealertrightafterwakingup,so-called"powernaps"of10-30minutesarerecommended.(如果你醒来后需要变得机敏，你最好休息10到30分钟)”可知，空格处将补充休息时间。F.However,youmaywanttoconsiderhowlongyouhavetonap.(然而你可能要考虑你打盹的时间长短)符合语境。故选F。【18题详解】根据上句“Accordingtotheresearch,theyimproveactivationofthehippocampus—anareaofthebrainimportantforlearningandmemory.(研究表明：它们都能改善大脑中的学习和记忆区域)”可知，选项承接上文说明打盹对记忆力和学习的益处。故G.Aone-to-two-hournapbenefitsbothmotorskillsandmemoryabilities.(1到2个小时的午休对人的学习技能和记忆力都有好处)”符合语境。故选G。【19题详解】根据下句“It'spossiblethattheyhelpthebraincleanupsleep-inducing（诱导睡眠的）wasteproductsthatwouldotherwiseholdupbrainactivity,(它们可能帮助大脑清理抑制大脑活动的诱导睡眠的废物)”可知此处分析打盹有好处的可能性原因，因此推知本段句首会提出疑问。因此E.Whyshortnapsaresobeneficialisnotwellunderstood(为什么短时间打盹如此有益还不清楚)符合语境。故选E。【20题详解】根据下句“Forinstance,ifthebestperformanceisneededinstantlyafterwards,don'tnap,(如果表演马上开始，此时不要打盹）”可知在有些情况下，打盹是不合适的。因此D.Napsshouldalsobeavoidedinsomesituations(在有些情况下，打盹应该被避免)符合语境。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共三节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A，B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ResidentsandemergencyworkersrecoveringfromdestructioncausedbydeadlytornadoesonDecember10inKentuckyrecentlyhadsomesupportfromWhiteCounty.Asmanythroughouttheregion___21___swiftlytoprovideaidtotheaffectedcommunities,ClevelandpoliceofficerJustinBaldwinwasamongthose___22___tohelp.Baldwin___23___totakeacarloadofsuppliestoKentuckyforthereliefeffortsandtoldhiscoworkersabouthis___24___onMondaybeforeleaving.Aswordofhisplan___25___beyondthepolicedepartment,strangersstarteddonatingmoney,suppliesandtheirtimetothe___26___.Waterbottles,snacksandlargecansofvegetables,aswellasa(n)___27___amountofmonetary(货币的)donations___28___.Theofficeralso___29___toseewhatwasneededmostinKentucky.Thenhewentandboughtfourorfivehundreddollars’worthofchildren’smedicine.BylastThursday,Baldwinhadto____30____seatsoutofa15-passengervan(面包车)toloadthedonationsfor____31____inaweekendtrip.MayfieldHighSchoolhasbeenturnedintoadistributioncentertoprovide____32____.Baldwindecidedthatwouldbethe____33____placetosetuphisvantoreachpeople.BaldwinstayedinKentuckyforthreedays,____34____bytheamountofgenerosityhewitnessedinthecounty.Multipletruckswerewaitingtocomein—peoplewereverygenerousandalotofpeoplehadfelta____35____todosomething.21.A.shifted B.moved C.flew D.settled22.A.determined. B.discouraged C.permitted D.expected23.A.managed B.proceeded C.planned D.hesitated24.A.doubt B.fear C.demand D.idea25.A.spread B.failed C.changed D.delayed26.A.role B.department C.cause D.innovation27.A.substantial B.crucial C.influential D.partial28.A.pouredin B.sweptaway C.gaveway D.ranout29.A.explored B.checked C.intended D.applied30.A.repair B.produce C.deliver D.remove31.A.exchange B.entertainment C.consumption D.transport32.A.shelters B.belongings C.gifts D.essentials33.A.safe B.ideal C.distant D.legal34.A.wornout B.blownaway C.broughttolife D.castdown35.A.panic B.relief C.calling D.challenge【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.A26.C27.A28.A29.B30.D31.D32.D33.B34.B35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲了一名警察采取行动，帮助遭受龙卷风袭击的地区的人们。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于整个地区的许多人迅速采取行动向受影响的社区提供援助，克利夫兰警察贾斯汀鲍德温是那些决心提供帮助的人之一。A.shifted转移；B.moved采取行动；C.flew飞；D.settled解决。本句“toprovideaid”可知大家迅速采取行动，提供帮助，故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于整个地区的许多人迅速采取行动向受影响的社区提供援助，克利夫兰警察贾斯汀鲍德温是那些决心提供帮助的人之一。A.determined下定决心的；B.discouraged气馁的；C.permitted允许的；D.expected预期的。本句“movedswiftlytoprovideaid”可知大家迅速采取行动，提供帮助，大家都决心帮助，故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：鲍德温计划将一车物资带到肯塔基州进行救援工作，并在周一离开前告诉了他的同事他的想法。A.managed管理；B.proceeded进行；C.planned计划；D.hesitated犹豫不决。本句“onMondaybeforeleaving”可知在出发之前他打算这样做，故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲍德温计划将一车物资带到肯塔基州进行救援工作，并在周一离开前告诉了他的同事他的想法。A.doubt怀疑；B.fear恐惧；C.demand需求；D.idea主意。本句“toldhiscoworkers”可知他把他的计划告诉了他的同事，故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着他的计划的消息传到警察局之外，陌生人开始为这项事业捐赠金钱、物资和时间。A.spread传播；B.failed失败；C.changed改变；D.delayed延迟。本句“strangersstarteddonatingmoney”可知陌生人捐钱，因为陌生人听说了他的计划，他的计划传开了，故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着他的计划的消息传到警察局之外，陌生人开始为这项事业捐赠金钱、物资和时间。A.role角色；B.department部门；C.cause事业；D.innovation革新。上文“ClevelandpoliceofficerJustinBaldwinwasamongthosedeterminedtohelp”可知他要提供帮助，这是一项伟大的事业，故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：水瓶、零食和大罐蔬菜，以及大量的货币捐款涌入。A.substantial大量的；B.crucial至关重要的；C.influential有影响的；D.partial部分的。本句“amount”可知这笔钱是一大笔钱，故选A。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：水瓶、零食和大罐蔬菜，以及大量的货币捐款涌入。A.pouredin涌入；B.sweptaway扫除；C.gaveway让位；D.ranout用完。本句“Waterbottles,snacksandlargecansofvegetables,aswellasasubstantialamountofmonetarydonations”可知，此处指大家的捐款一下子都涌来了，故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该官员还检查了肯塔基州最需要什么。A.explored探索；B.checked检查；C.intended打算；D.applied应用。本句“toseewhatwasneededmostinKentucky”可知这位警官要去核实最需要的物品是什么，故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：到上周四，鲍德温不得不从一辆可容纳15人的面包车上拆下座位，以便在周末旅行中装载捐赠的交通工具。A.repair修理；B.produce生产；C.deliver运送；D.remove消除。本句“seatsoutofa15-passengervan(面包车)toloadthedonations”可知他要把面包车里的座位都拆掉，腾出空间来装载东西，故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：到上周四，鲍德温不得不从一辆可容纳15人的面包车上拆下座位，以便在周末旅行中装载捐赠的交通工具。A.exchange交换；B.entertainment娱乐；C.consumption消费；D.transport运输。本句“inaweekendtrip”可知他要运东西上路，故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：梅菲尔德高中已经变成了提供必需品的配送中心。A.shelters避难所；B.belongings财物；C.gifts礼物；D.essentials必需品。本句“adistributioncenter”可知配送中心在灾区会配送一些最基本的生活必需品，故选D。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鲍德温认为那将是设置他的面包车以接触人们的理想场所。A.safe安全的；B.ideal理想的；C.distant遥远的；D.legal合法的。上句“adistributioncentertoprovideessentials”可知配送中心对这个景观来说是一个理想的地方，它可以在这里分发他募捐的一些东西，故选B。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：鲍德温在肯塔基州待了三天，被他在该县目睹的慷慨大度所震撼。A.wornout磨损；B.blownaway感动；C.broughttolife苏醒；D.castdown投下。本句“theamountofgenerosityhewitnessed”可知他见到了很多慷慨事件的发生，他很感动，故选B。35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：多辆卡车正等着进来——人们非常慷慨，很多人都感到有做某事的呼召。A.panic恐慌；B.relief宽慰；C.calling呼唤；D.challenge挑战。本句“todosomething”可知人们很慷慨，感到某种东西在召唤他们，必须做点什么来帮助这些受灾的人，故选C。第二节（共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Formanypeople,bookstoresremainanimportantpartofthecityscape.Theyprovidequietandcomfortingspotsforyou___36___（refresh）th