2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit1FestivalsandCelebrationsSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures学案含解析新人教版必修第三册

PAGEUnit1FestivalsandCelebrationsSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures单元语法精析动词-ing形式作定语和表语语法点拨动词-ing由“动词原形＋-ing”构成。动词-ing形式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。Ⅰ．动词-ing形式作定语1．位置：单个动词-ing形式作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；动词-ing形式短语作定语，常放在被修饰词后作后置定语。2．形式：动词-ing形式作定语(以do为例)有doing、形容词化的doing和beingdone三种形式。详细用法如下：(1)doing作定语①doing作定语，do与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示正在进行的或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的主动动作。例如：boilingwater开水abarkingdog狂吠的狗adevelopingcountry一个发展中国家Don’twakeupthesleepingchild.不要吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子。Phoebereceivedane-mailtheotherdaysayingherunclewascomingtovisither.菲比前几天收到一封电子邮件，说她叔叔要来看她。②doing作定语，还可表示被修饰词的用途或属性，常在句中作前置定语。例如：afishingnet(＝anetforfishing)渔网awalkingstick(＝astickforwalking)拐棍areadingroom(＝aroomforreading)阅览室alivingroom(＝aroomforliving)起居室，客厅awritingdesk(＝adeskforwriting)书桌Shetrainedfivetimesaweekatherlocalswimmingpool.她每周在当地的游泳池训练五次。Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.阅览室里任何人不得大声说话。(2)形容词化的doing形式作定语，相当于形容词，表示中心词的性质，意为“令人……的”；形容词化的done形式作定语，常表示“感到……的”。试比较：anexcitingstory令人兴奋的故事anexcitedvoice兴奋的声音apuzzlingquestion令人困惑的问题apuzzledexpression困惑的表情(3)beingdone作定语do与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示正在进行的被动动作。ThehousebeingbuiltherebelongstoJohn.这里正在建的那所房子是约翰的。Themeetingbeingheldnowissoimportantthatnooneisabsent.现在正在召开的会议很重要，所以没有人缺席。3．扩展成句：动词-ing形式短语作后置定语时可以扩展成定语从句。ThemantalkingwithourheadmasterisTom’sfather.(＝ThemanwhoistalkingwithourheadmasterisTom’sfather.)正和我们校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津1．表示感情的动词-ing形式作定语时，表示“令人……的”，此类动词-ed形式作定语时，表示“感到……的”。2．动词-ing形式作定语假如与被修饰的词之间是被动关系，且强调动作正在进行就用动词-ing形式的被动式，即beingdone的形式。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①(2024·全国Ⅱ卷改编)Whenwegotacall__saying__(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.解析：句意：当我们接到电话说她被列入候选名单时，我们以为这是个玩笑。分析句子结构可知，“____(say)shewasshort-listed”作call的定语，call和say之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing形式。②(北京高考改编)Theparkwasfullofpeople,__enjoying__(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.解析：句意：公园里有许多人，他们在阳光下玩得很快乐。分析句子结构可知，“____(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine”作people的定语，people和enjoy之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing形式，表示正在进行的动作。③(四川高考改编)Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthose__wanting__(want)agoodnight’ssleep.解析：句意：对于那些想睡一夜好觉的人来说，睡前喝一杯热牛奶始终是最佳选择。分析句子结构可知，“____(want)agoodnight’ssleep”作those的定语，those和want之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing形式。句型转换④Thetaxithattookustotheairportbrokedown.→Thetaxi__taking__ustotheairportbrokedown.⑤Theproblemthatisbeingdiscussedisaboutfoodsafety.→Theproblem__beingdiscussed__isaboutfoodsafety.⑥Thestudentstayedintheroomusedforreadingforanhour.→Thestudentstayed__inthereadingroom__foranhour.⑦Thatwasanexperiencethatfrightenedeveryone.→Thatwas__afrighteningexperience__.Ⅱ．动词-ing形式作表语1．动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于名词，用于说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。Myfavoritesportisswimmingwhilemysister’sisplayingtennis.我最喜爱的运动是游泳，而我姐姐最喜爱的运动是打网球。Myfull-timejobisteachingEnglish,whichmeansImakealivingbyteaching.我的全职工作是教英语，这意味着我以教书为生。2．动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于形容词，用于说明主语的特征，意为“令人……的”；动词-ed形式作表语有时相当于形容词，表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”。Thenewswassoexcitingthatwewereexcitedatthenews.这个消息太令人兴奋了，我们听到这个消息都很兴奋。Thesnakelookedquitefrighteningandtheladyletoutacryofscreamatthesightofit.那条蛇看起来很吓人，那位女士一看到它就发出一声尖叫。Theyaresatisfiedwiththeirpresentjob.他们对现在的工作很满足。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Itis__amazing__(amaze)thattheboyisabletosolvetheproblemsoquickly.②Buyingacarissimply__wasting__(waste)money.③Pleasestopmakingthenoise—it’sgetting__annoying__(annoy)．完成句子④Ourjobis__playingallkindsofmusic__.我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。语法专练Ⅰ．用所给动词的适当形式填空1．Enteringtheroom，IfoundMary__sitting__(sit)atthedeskandplayingcomputergames.2．Women__looking__(look)aftersmallchildreninthiscityusuallygetpaidmonthly.3．Theresultofthegamewas__disappointing__(disappoint)．4．Ifeltsomeone__patting__(pat)meontheshoulder.5．IheardMrWhite__singing__(sing)inthenextdoorwhenIpassedby.6．Thechildren__practising__(practise)playingtheviolinovertherewillgiveaperformancenextweek.7．Chinaisa__developing__(develop)countrywhileAmericaisa__developed__(develop)country.8．Herjobis__keeping__(keep)thelecturehallascleanaspossible.9．Theproblemthatheraisedatthemeetingwasquite__surprising__(surprise)．10．Theman__wearing__(wear)asadlooksaid,“I’velostmywallet.”11．Thehouse__beingbuilt__(build)fortheoldistobecompletednextmonth.12．Thishardworkingstudentfinallyworkedoutthe__puzzling__(puzzle)problem.13．Doyouknowtheboy__playing__(play)basketball?14．Theman__talking__(talk)tomymotherismyuncle.15．Thestranger__standing__(stand)infrontofmyhousecaughtmyattention.Ⅱ．完成句子1．Thebuilding__beingbuilt__isourteachingbuilding.(build)正在建立的那座大楼是我们的教学楼。2．Idon’tthinkherjokeis__amusing__atall.(amuse)我认为她的玩笑一点也不好笑。3．Theylivedinahouse__facingthesea__.(face)他们住在一个面对大海的房子里。4．__Inthefollowingyears__sheworkedevenharder.(follow)在接下来的几年中，她学习更努力了。5．Whathelikesmostis__playingjokesonothers__.(playjokeson)他最喜爱的是取笑别人。6．Whoistheboy__standingthere__？(stand)站在那儿的男孩是谁？7．Hewasan__inspiringleader__.(inspire)他是一个鼓舞人心的领导。8．Hisbrother,__workingasateacher__，livesinBeijing.(workas)他那个当老师的哥哥住在北京。9．Theboys__gatheringattheschoolgate__aremyclassmates.聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。10．Thefurnitureinalargeshoppingcentercomesinavarietyofcolorsandshapes,__rangingfromblacktowhite__andfromroundtosquare.大型超市里的家具有各种颜色和形态，从黑色到白色，从圆形到方形。Ⅱ．语法主题应用用动词-ing形式作定语和表语的句子简要介绍你母亲的工作。1．妈妈的工作是在超市里卖水果。(动词-ing形式作表语)2．这些水果种类繁多，从常见的苹果、梨到进口的水果。(动词-ing形式作定语)3．妈妈常常给我们带来一些卖得好的水果让我们品尝。(动词-ing形式作定语)4．虽然一些人认为我母亲的工作是无聊的，但我认为她的工作是有意义的。(动词-ing形式作表语)________________________________________________________________