新课标高考英语语法填空解题指导及备考策略

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载2016年新课标高考英语语法填空解题指导及备考策略在2016年新课标高考英语语法填空类题目中的考纲的要求如下：在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（1个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式。备考思路语法填空题设空设空大致有如下特点：无提示词一般考查：冠词、介词、连词、代词、助动词、固定搭配等有提示词一般考查：谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。具体策略：(一)、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，或是填写非谓语动词；(二)、给出词语，词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转化，名词的复数形式，给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；(三)、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；(四)、不给词语填写限定词的时候，很可能是填冠词、人称代词主格宾格形式，物主代词、反身代词的单复数形式。形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词；有的名词前有限定词，比如：序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定冠词。高考英语语法填空不给提示词范例：例：【2015课标II】

TheadobedwellingsbuiltbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven______mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.答案与分析：the。这里名词由形容词的最高级修饰，因此用定冠词。例：【2015广东】Heowned______farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.答案与分析：a。名词farm前应该有冠词，因为在文章中第一次出现，所以用不定冠词。例：【2010广东】

Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet______studenttastethewater.答案与分析：another。上文谈到一个学生让老师品尝他从沙漠里带了来的泉水，当那个学生离开后，老师让另一个学生品尝这泉水的味道。根据语境这里填写限定词another。例：【2014广东】

Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid______wasawonderfulholidaydestination.答案与分析：it。第二个句子中的宾语从句缺主语，这里it代替前文提到过的Miami。例：【2015课标I】

ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway______carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.答案与分析：by。这里的car不作主语、表语或动词的宾语，可以看出其前面应该填写介词，这里的介词短语作状语。例：【2014课标II】

Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,______someofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.答案与分析：and。“Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop”是个完整的句子，“someofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.”也是个完整的句子，两句之间是并列关系。例：【2012广东】

______hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback,hewaswrong.答案与分析：Although/Though。这里有两个句子，“______hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback”和“hewaswrong.”，且两个句子之间没有分号或句号，根据句意可知，第一个句子是让步状语从句。例：【2015课标II】Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly______thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.答案与分析：how。因为“...thePuebloIndiansfiguredout”和“...theadobewallsneededtobe...”是两套主谓关系，即两个句子，它们之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；根据句意，确定填写连词how。例：【2014广东】

Ididn’tunderstand______thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation.答案与分析：why。“Ididn’tunderstand”和“thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation.”是两套主谓关系，即两个句子，它们之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；根据句意，确定填写连词why。例：【2015课标I】

I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver______arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.答案与分析：that/which。这里有两套主谓关系，“I’dskippednearbyGuilin...”和“arepictured...”，

两句之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词或关系词；根据句子结构，第二个句子少主语，先行词是Guilin，根据定语从句中关系词的使用规则，这里填写that/which。例：【2013广东】

Hissonlookedsurprised,“IcanunderstandwhyIshouldn’tpaytoomuch,Father,butifIcanpayless,notsaveabitofmoney?”答案与分析：why。上文谈到父亲让儿子去买盐，告诉儿子付钱的时候不可以多付。也不可以少付。儿子不解地问：“如果我能少付钱的话，为什么我不省点钱呢？”例：【2014课标II】Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“_______anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”答案与分析：Did。根据本句中laststop可知，句子的时态应该是过去时态，因此一般疑问句的助动词是did。总之，以上讲解了语法填空题的部分微技能，例题都来自于高考真题，具有代表性。无论试题如何变化，万变不离其宗，只要牢固掌握英语的语法和词汇知识，就一定能做好语法填空题中的纯空格填空题。无提示词语练习1.Inthebeginning,therewasonly__24__verysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld...分析：空格处应为冠词a。2．Itissaidthatashort­temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960－1279)wasveryanxioustohelp______ricecropgrowupquickly.分析：故填形容词性物主代词his。Thenewboylookedattheteacher__23__afewseconds...分析：afewseconds前是空格，且afewseconds不作主语或表语，也不作动词的宾语。表示某个动词或状态延续了多久，用“for＋时间段”。故此题应填介词for。3....whoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme______aguestintheirhouse.分析：因为aguest在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词as。4.Thenhetook__25__off,gaveabigsmileandsaid,“That’scool.”分析：代替前面的thoseglasses，作tookoff的宾语，用人称代词的宾格them。5.IcansendamessagetoKenyawheneverIwantto,and______getstherealmostinasecond.分析：and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是themessage，替代themessage用代词it。6.__20__hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback,hewaswrong.分析：因为hethought...与hewaswrong是两个句子，且两者之间没有关联词，必定是填关联词；根据两句之间的逻辑关系，应填表示假设的If“如果”。7.Nick’sguests,__20__hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhythey...分析：who引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子。高考英语语法填空有提示词范例：例：【2015课标I】

I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese______(painting).答案与分析：paintings。该词前面有限定词many，因此用复数形式。例：【2014课标I】

Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe

______(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.

答案与分析：changes。该词后面的动词是复数形式，因此change用复数形式。例：【2015课标I】

Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris______(clean)thanever.答案与分析：cleaner。根据后面比较级的标志词than，这里应该使用比较级。例：【2015课标II】Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir______(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.答案与分析：ability。their后接名词。例：【2015课标II】

As______(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.答案与分析：natural。名词前用形容词修饰。例：【2015课标II】

Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat______(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.答案与分析：slowly。这里需要副词修饰动词短语giveout。例.【2014课标I】Justbe______(patience).答案与分析：patient。这里应该是形容词作表语。例：【2015课标II】

Thiscycle______(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.答案与分析：

goes。根据句中的时间状语dayafterday和后面的句子中使用的时态，可以确定该动词用一般现在时态形式，主语是单数，因此动词用数三人称单数形式。例：【2015课标I】

ItwasraininglightlywhenI______(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.答案与分析：arrived。所给动词arrive前是代词I，这里应该是谓语动词，因为主句的时态是过去时态，因此这里用过去时态。例：【2015课标II】

Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough______(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.答案与分析：tocool。句子“thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough______(cool)thehouseduringthehotday”中的谓语动词havegivenup和are并列，所给动词前面没有其他连词，cool表示结果，因此用tocool。例：【2015课标I】

Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople______(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.答案与分析：living。live与前面的people不能形成主谓关系，又因为live与people的关系是主动关系，因此用现在分词living作定语，修饰中心词people。例：【2015课标I】

Astudyoftravelers______(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.答案与分析：conducted。因为这个句子里有谓语动词names，所给动词不是names的并列谓语，它与前面名词的关系是被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。例：【2010广东】

Hespititout,______(say)itwasawful.答案与分析：saying。在这里

say前没有并列连词，因此可以推断不是并列谓语，是非谓语动词，又因为say与主语he的关系是主动关系，因此用现在分词。参考练习一、考查词形转换1.Hemustbe(mental)disabled.2.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.3.Wedranktogetherandtalked(merry)tillfarintothenight.4.OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttoalocalmusicalfestival.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment(late)thatday.5.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir(nature)course.6.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.7.Maryfelt(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.8.“Thatwouldbeavery(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours,”Nicksaid.9.“Butsuchasmallthingcouldn’t(possible)destroyavillage.”参考答案1.mentally2.warmly3.merrily4.later5.natural6.choice7.pleased8.reasonable9.possibly二、考查非谓语动词1.Hespititout,(say)itwasawful.2.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman(sit)atthefront.3.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,(wear)sunglasses.4.“Inthebeginning,therewasonlyaverysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.”5.Whileshewasgettingme(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometersawaywheretherewasagarage.6.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.7.Shewishedthathewasaseasy(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.参考答案1-7sayingsittingwearingthinkingsettledtohelptoplease三、考查谓语动词时态及语态1.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage. 2.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.3.Hewalkedinasifhe(buy)theschool. 4.Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane____(inform).5.Suddenly,he(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.参考答案1-5brokenpushedhadboughtwasinformedfound四、考查形容词或副词的比较级1.Theteacherreplied,“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe(sweet).”2.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”(high). 3.Itmighthavemadeitalittle(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround,butthatdidn’tstopthekidsintheclass. 参考答案1-3sweeterhigherharder（2015年新课标=1\*ROMANI卷语法填空真题）阅读下面材料,用不多于1个单词的正确形式填空。YangshuoItwasraininglightlywhenI61.__________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours62.__________,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with63.__________(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64.__________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65.__________(painting).Instead,I‘dheadstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway66.__________carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.Yangshuo67.__________(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers68.__________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit69.__________(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople70.__________(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.2015年新课标=1\*ROMANI卷语法填空答案61.arrived62.before/earlier63.its64.that/which65.paintings66.by67.is68.conducted69.regularly70.living（2015年新课标=2\*ROMANII卷语法填空真题2015全国二卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Theadobedwellings(土坯房）__61__(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven__62__mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir__63___(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout__64__（use）electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat__65___（slow）duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough__66_(cool)thehouseduringthehotday:_67__thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle__68__(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As__69__(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly_70__thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.2015年新课标=2\*ROMANII卷语法填空真题语法填空参考答案61.built参考解析：过去分词做定语62.the参考解析：最高级前加the63.ability参考解析：their后接名词，able名词形式ability.64.using参考解析：介词后接动名词65.slowly参考解析：副词修饰动词giveout.66.tocool参考解析：形容词加enough后接不定式。67.at参考解析：atthesametime68.goes参考解析：根据上下文，此处用一般现在时态。69.natural参考解析：形容词做定语修饰名词。70.how参考解析：根据句意，应用how连接宾语从句。2014年最新真题（2014年新课标=1\*ROMANI卷）第二节阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix？In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays64__________evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork65__________(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66__________(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit67_____________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon’tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,don’tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare68______________(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe69______________(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70______________(patience).（2014年新课标=1\*ROMANI卷参考答案）61.happened62.when63.gone64.earlier65.making66.Anyway/Besides67.it68.the69.must70.mind/memory（2014年新课标=2\*ROMANII卷语法填空真题）第二节阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout61_____________(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,62_______________someofthemlookedveryanxiousand63_______________(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext64_______________thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike65_____________(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused66________________(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept67______________(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoopupandasked,“68________________anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear！Itis69________________（I）”.Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtothelittleboy.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone.Andthepassengers70_____________（sudden）becamefriendlytooneanother.2014年新课标=2\*ROMANII卷语法填空真题参考答案：was；actually；the；or；toreduce；cleaner；that/which；amazing；changes；patient.being;and;disappointed;to;caught;tostop;riding;Did;me/mine;suddenly.【例1】对话体（2014年新课标全国卷《考试说明》样题）Mum:(puttingonhercoat)I'mgoingtohavetogodowntotheshopformorebread.Alan:Why?Mum:I'mnotsurewhat1(happen).Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable