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口译理论与实践学习通超星期末考试章节答案2024年Never________thefishover,becausefishsymbolizesaboatinfishingcommunityinChinaandgoingsomeansturningthe______over.
答案:flip;livelihoodInChina,______isneverexpectedtosplitthebill,becauseitmaymeanthe________cannotaffordthebill.
答案:guest;hostPleasetranslatethefollowingphrasesaccordingtowhatyouhavelearntinthevideo.用餐礼仪
尊贵的客人
上茶
表示感谢
餐桌转盘
答案:diningetiquette;distinguishedguest;pourtea;showgratitude;lazysusanWhatcannotbedonewithchopsticks?
答案:Takethechopsticksdirectlyatsomeone;LeavethechopsticksstickinguprightofthedishesAccordingtoChinesetraditionalculture,whenthefoodisserved,whogetsthefirstbite?Themost________people
答案:seniorHowtoshowtheteaisout?
答案:leavethelidpartiallyoffatthesideofthetableHowtoshowgratitudewhenverbalthankyouisdisruptedwhensomeoneispouringteaforyou?
答案:Takeyourindexandmiddlefinger,bendthemandtabthemonthetableUsuallyteapothandleshouldbetakeninthe_______hand.
答案:rightUsually,thelidoftheteapotshouldbeplacedinthe______hand.
答案:leftWheredothepersonfootingthebillusuallysit?
答案:oppositesideofthepersonofhonorThesecondmostimportantpeopleusuallysitsonthe______sideofthepersonofhonor.
答案:RightAccordingtoChinesetraditionalculture,ordering______numberofdishesisusuallyforfuneralmealsandbringsbadluck.
答案:oddHotPothasbeenChinesefavoritesince______Dynasty
答案:TangToday,themostcommongreetingforfriendsandfamilyisstill“__________”(awholesentence)
答案:HaveyoueatenyetWhatshouldalsobecapturedduringinterpretingbesidesverbalexpressions?
答案:inflections;tone;voicequality;bodylanguagesWhichformoftranslationshouldbemoreaccurate?
答案:TranslatingWhichformoftranslationcanbedoneoverthephoneorviavideo?
答案:InterpretingPleasetranslatethefollowingsentence.水调歌头
答案:PreludetoWaterMelodyFromacademiaperspective,OttoKadedefinedinterpreting
as
aformof
__________
inwhichafirstandfinal
___________
inanotherlanguageisproducedonthebasisofa
__________presentationofanutteranceinasourcelanguage.
答案:translation;rendition;one-timeSedulously__________another’swordsisnotinterpreting.
答案:echoingAccordingGeorgeSteiner,interpretingisstrictlyviewed,themostbanalactof____________________thatinvolvestheentirenatureandtheoryoftranslation.
答案:interlingual;ConveyanceAccordingtoKade,interpretinghastwocharacteristics:1)
thesource-languagetextispresentedonlyonceandthuscannotbe
__________
orreplayed,and2)the
____________
textisproducedunder
___________,withlittlechanceforcorrectionand
___________.
答案:reviewed;targetlanguage;timepressure;revisonListenand
fillintheblanks.
Thisisatalkonthereasonswhyyoushouldlearnanotherlanguage.
Notes:1)neuroimaging(orbrainimaging)–theuseofvarioustechniquestoeitherdirectlyorindirectlyimagethestructure,functionandpharmacologyofthenervoussystem.Itisarelativelynewdisciplinewithinmedicine,neuroscience,andpsychology.2)greymatter(orgraymatter)–amajorcomponentofthecentralnervoussystem,consistingofneuronalcellbodies,neuropil(dendritesandmyelinatedaswellasunmyelinatedaxons),glialcells(astrocytesandoligodendrocytes),synapses,andcapillaries.Greymatterisdistinguishedfromwhitematterinthatitcontainsnumerouscellbodiesandrelativelyfewmyelinatedaxons,whilewhitemattercontainsrelativelyfewcellbodiesandiscomposedchieflyoflong-rangemyelinatedaxontracts.In
___________
(1)economy,beingapolyglotisdefinitelyadvantageousforcorporate
success.Thebenefitsofeffectivecommunicationacrossmultiplelanguageshavelongbeen
knownbytheinternationalbusinesscommunityasanindispensabletoolfor
__________(2).Infact,thoseenteringtheworkforcein2014withsecondlanguagefluencycanexpectan
___________
(3)payincrease,accordingtoRyanMcMunn,languageexpertandCEOof
BRIC
LanguageSystems.McMunnsays,"IneverwouldhavebeensuccessfulinChinahadInot
learnedhowtospeakMandarin.Bylearningasecondlanguage,IhadanopportunitytodeveloprelationshipswithChineseexecutivesandconductbusinessinwaysthatotherwisewouldnot
havebeenpossible."Heoffersanexamplefromhisexperiencedealingwith__________(4)involvinghis
formeremployerinChina.Headvisedhisteamtoproceedwithcautionwhiletheysearchedfor
asolutionbasedonthe"guanxi",theconceptof__________(5).Atthetime,McMunn
hadalreadydevelopedastrongrelationshipwiththefactoryownerandhisfamilythrough
manybusinessand__________(6)inMandarin.Overtheirfive-yearfriendship,McMunn
helpedtheowner'ssongetintoanAmericanschool,andtheownerhelpedMcMunnestablish
relationshipswithotherlocalbusinessleaders.Whenitcametimeto__________(7),McMunn'scompanytreatedthefactoryasa
partnerratherthansimplyavendor.TheirnegotiationswerecompletelyconductedinMandarin,
andstartedwithadiscussionaboutfamilies:Howthefactoryowner'ssonwasdoingintheUS
andhowMcMunn'ssisterwasenjoyinghernewjob.The
__________(8)endedbetter
thanMcMunncouldhavehoped.Thefactoryowneragreedtopayhalfthecostoftherecallover
thefollowingyear,andabidedbythearrangement.Therelationshipbetweenthetwocompanies
improvedsincetheincident,andbusinessflourishedwith__________(9)incustomers.McMunncreditsmuchofhissuccessabroadtohislanguageskills.HalJohnson,asenioradviserandformerchairmanofglobalhumanresourcesatKornFerry,
frequentlycounselsbusinessschoolstudentsand__________(10)aboutwaystostayon
topoftheircareers.HefrequentlyurgesjobseekerstolearnMandarin"assoonastheycan,if
theywanttogetalegupontheircompetitionandacceleratetheirfutures.Anythingthathelpsor
speedsuptheirpreparationcanbe__________(11)!"ArvindChary,managingprincipalofAtlasRealEstatePartners,hasbeenmorefocusedon
hiringmultilingualemployeesashiscompanyexpandsintomarketswithlargeSpanishspeaking
populations.Hesays,
"Wehavebeenraising
__________(12)andneedemployeeswhocan
communicatewithourforeigninvestors.Iwouldencourageanyonetolearnasecondlanguagein
orderto__________(13)."Iadviselearningadditionallanguagesasearlyaspossible.Notonlyistheskilleasierto
pickupwhenyoung,itwillalsoboostmentalaptitudeduringtheschoolyearsleadinguptoeventualemployment.Dr.JudyWillis,a__________(14),saysthatchildrenwhoareexposedtomultiplelanguagesatanearlyageareabletoactivatecertainnetworkswithinthebrainthatenhance__________(15).Andaccordingtoa2009studybypsychologistEllenBialystok,"Comparedtomonolinguals,thestudiedbilingualchildren,whohadhadfiveto10yearsofbilingualexposure,averagedhigherscoresincognitiveperformanceontestsandhadgreaterattentionfocus,__________(16),decision-making,judgmentandresponsivenesstofeedback."ThebrainnetworksthatWillisreferencesareknownasthe"CEOnetworks"whichregulateexecutivefunctionssuchasgoalsettingandachieving,planning,memory,analysis,__________(17)andjudgment.
Biologicallyspeaking,inastudybyneuroimagingresearcherandanalystCathyPriceoftheUniversityCollegeLondon,bilingualshave__________
(18)intheportionofthebrainthatissuspectedtobeassociatedwithvocabularyacquisition.Priceexplainsthatwhenanindividualislearningasecondlanguage,thevocabularyacquisitionportionofthebrainisliterally__________(19).Muchlikeanyothermuscleyoumayworkoutinthegym,thebrainwillbecomestronger,thusbecomingstimulatedforgrowth.Increasedgraymattermeansthatthebrainwillworkfasterandmoreefficiently.Languagelearningisdescribedasakindof__________(20)whichcanformnewneuronsandconnectionsamongtheintellectualnetwork.Soaddinganotherlanguagetoyourskillsetissimplysmart.
答案:anincreasinglyglobalized;relationshipbuildingandfinancialsuccess;addition10to15percent;aproductrecall;personalconnection;casualconversation;negotiaterecallcosts;5hourmarathonmeetings;sustain;(10)cooperationexecutive;(11)asignificantplus;(12)morecapitalfrom.abroad;(13)advancetheircareeropportunities;(14)boardcertifiedneurologist;(15)cognitivefunction;(16)distractresistant;(17)inhibitorycontrol;(18)moregreymatter;(19)gettingaworkout;(20)re-writingofthebrainB.Listentothe
audio1.2-2
againandfillintheblanksinthefollowingpartofthetalk.
Somepsychologistsdoubtthatapescanreallyuselanguage.
__________
(1),
chimpsrarely
"speak"without
__________
(2).Also,theapesmaybesimplyperforming
__________
(3)togetfoodorother"goodies".Bymakingcertainsigns,theapesthen__________
(4)togetwhattheywant.
Youmightsaythecriticsbelievetheapeshavemademonkeysoutoftheirtrainers.
However,studiesshowthatchimpsholdrealconversations,evenwhenpeoplearenotaround
to
__________
(5)them.Onlyfivepercentoftheseconversations__________
(6).
When"conversing"withhumans,chimpsreplyinpatternsthataresimilartoyoungchildren's.
So,maybethechimpswillmakemonkeysoutofthecritics.
Atthispoint,numerouschimps,agorillanamedKoko,and
__________
(7)dolphins
andsealionshavelearnedtocommunicatewithwordsymbolsofvariouskinds.Yetevenifsome
criticismscanbeanswered,linguists
__________
(8)thatanimalscantrulyuselanguage.
Thecoreissueisthatproblemswithwordorderhave
__________
(9)almostallanimal
languagestudies.Forexample,whenachimpnamedNimChimpskywantedanorange,hewould
typicallysignal
__________
(10):"Giveorangemegiveeatorangemeeatorangegiveme
eatorangegivemeyou."Thismightbecommunication,butitisnotlanguage.
答案:Foronething;promptingfromhuman;;manipulatetheirtrainers;Cue;food;anassortmentof;remainunconvinced;plagued;(10)Listentotheaudio1.3-2andfillineachblankinthesummaryofthelecturewithoneword.
Despitethelackof__________(1)evidence,researcherspersistinstudyingtheoriginsofhumanlanguage.Thislecturefocusesononeofthe__________(2)majorcategoriesofcommunication:__________(3).Thebestevidenceforthisfieldisthehyoid__________(4),consideredbymanyresearchersasthefoundationof__________(5)forhumans.Inadditiontoit,wehavefitting__________(6)anatomyandsufficientlycomplex__________(7).Thelatterarebelievedtoenableourancientancestorstolearnlanguageanduseitina__________(8)way.Somostvocaltheoriesarguethattheincreaseinbrain__________(9)thatoccurred100,000yearsagocontributedtothebirthoflanguage.Apartfromtheissuesofthe__________(10),continuity,andproviderofthefirstspokenword,sixprincipaltheorieswereputforwardtoexplaintheoriginsofvocalwords:TheBow-WowTheorysuggeststhatthefirstwordswerederivedfrom__________(11)sounds.The__________(12)Theorymaintainsthat__________(13)withthenaturalenvironmentcreatedtheneedforlanguage,andsoundandmeaningare__________(14)__________connectedthroughnature.ThePooh-PoohTheorysuggeststhatlanguagebeganwith__________(15)suchas"Ow!'"Oh!""Ha!'TheYo-He-HoTheoryisbasedonthegruntsandgroanspeoplemakewhendoingheavyphysicallabor.The__________(16)Theoryisanideathatvocallanguagecameaboutthroughplay,song,and__________(17).TheTa-TaTheorybelievesthatwordsarosefromadesiretoimitategesturesviatheuseofthetongueand__________(18).Anotherperplexingissueiswhethertherewasoneoriginallanguageormany.ThebeliefthattherewasoneoriginallanguageisassociatedwiththebeliefthatlanguagewasadivinecreationandwiththeOutof__________(19)Theory.Butthissingularoriginhypothesisischallengedconsideringthelargenumberoflanguagesandthe__________(20)oflocationoftheearlyancestors.
答案:concrete;most;vocalization;bone;speech;throat;brains;creative;volume;(10)date;(11)natural;(12);(13)harmony;(14);(15);(16)LA;(17)love;(18)mouth;(19)Africa;(20)diversityB.Listen
to
audio1.3-1
againandfillintheblanksinthefollowingpassage,whichisasummaryofapartoftheinterview.
Whenweaskedpeopletothinkaboutonepersonabout
__________(1)suchas"Wouldyousacrificeoneperson
tosavefive?"inaforeignlanguage,wefoundthatpeopleare__________
(2)todothat,toactuallygofor__________(3)tosacrificeonepersontosavefive.Now,wedidn’tdothisforreal.ButIused__________(4).Butstill,theysaid"Yes,Iwilldothat."Thereasonwhythiscouldb
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