第04辑一轮阅读 专题08 阅读理解文章大意专练15篇（满分攻略+高考真题+名校模拟）-2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）教师版

试卷第=page22页，共=sectionpages3535页2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）第04辑一轮阅读专题08阅读理解文章大意题专练15篇（攻略+真题+模拟）解析版【文章大意题满分攻略】一、记叙文主旨大意题1.看首段和尾段，以尾段为主2.借助主题词或关键词归纳二、说明文和议论文主旨大意题1.看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主2.借助主题词或关键词归纳三、文章大意题错误选项典型错误一是“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意；二是“概括宽泛”：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容；三是“无中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。四、文章大意五种题型题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词:in

brief/short,all

in

all,in

conclusion,

inaword等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。五、文章大意题思维导图【文章大意题高考真题】【2024新课标II卷第31题】Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood. B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance. D.Itreliesonfarmer’smarkets.29.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?A.Real-timeweatherchanges. B.Currentconditionoftheplants.C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil. D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.DTheyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】28.C29.B30.D31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。28.细节理解题。根据第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.(此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。【2020新课标II卷第27题】Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.24.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.25.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?A.Parents’age. B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education. D.Child-parentrelationship.26.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist. D.Ateachingprogram.【答案】24-27BCDB【导读】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。24.B。细节理解题。根据第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。25.C。细节理解题。根据第二段(Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。26.D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。27.B。主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。【文章大意题名校模拟】【文章大意题专练01】（24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）Students’social-emotionalskillsarepositivelycorrelatedwiththeirreadingandmathperformance,accordingtoastudybyBranchingMinds,aned-techcompany.Itfoundthat60-70percentofstudentswhowereidentifiedasneedingadditionalsocial-emotionalsupportwerealsoidentifiedasneedingadditionalacademicsupport.Tounderstandthelinksbetweensocial-emotionallearning(SEL)andacademicoutcomes,thestudyanalyzedstudentscreeningassessmentsforsocial-emotionalskillsandreadingandmathperformanceofnearly4,000K-8studentsinthe2021-22schoolyear.Thestudy’sfindingsareinlinewithpreviousresearchthatshowssocial-emotionallearninghasapositiveimpactonstudents’academicachievement,butthere’sstillagapinunderstandinghowthosepiecesofdataaboutacademicandsocial-emotionalstrengthsshouldbeintegratedandusedtogethertocreateinterventionplansforstudents.Thestudyalsofoundthatsocial-emotionalskillsmayactas“aprotectivefactor”forsomestudentsperformingbelowacademicstandards,meaningthatstudents’social-emotionalstrengthscouldbeusedtoboosttheiracademicachievement,saidEssieSutton,thedirectoroflearningscienceatBranchingMinds.Therefore,“itwouldbebeneficialforeducatorstothinkaboutmorecombinedsupportplansforstrugglingstudents,”sheadded.Forexample,ifastudentisstrugglingwithreading,butheisverysocial,“howcanwebuildthatintoasupportplan,andperhapsmakethesetargetedorindividualizedreadingsupportgroupsmoresocialandplaytothatstrengththattheyhave?”Perhapsthestudentcouldtakeontheroleofteacherandexplainsomethingtotheirpeersinordertohelpthempracticereadingcomprehension,aswellassocialskills,Suttonsaid.Inthestudy,itisrecommendedthatresultsfromacademic,social-emotional,andbehavioralscreenersshouldbeusedwhendevelopinginterventionplansforstudents.“It’sreallyimportanttolookatstudents’strengthsandneedscomprehensively,”Suttonsaid.Todothat,districtandschoolleadersshouldensurethattheiracademic,behavioral,andsocial-emotionalsupportteamsworktogetherandthatallstakeholders-students,parents,andteachers-arepartoftheprocessofcreatinginterventionplans.1.Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthestudy?A.Byinterviewingstudents. B.Bycarryingoutexperiments.C.Byconductingdataanalysis. D.Byreferringtothepreviousdata.2.Whyistheexamplementionedinparagraph5?A.Toattachgreatimportancetosocialskills.B.Tonarrowthegapofthepreviousresearch.C.Toexplainsocialskillscanprotecteveryone.D.Toadvocatetheintegratedsupportstrategies.3.Whatmatterswhendesigninginterventionstrategiesaccordingtothepassage?A.Cooperation. B.Assessment. C.Flexibility. D.Individuality.4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theprospectofapplyingsocialemotionalskills.B.TheeffectsSELskillshaveonacademicperformance.C.Themethodstodevelopstudents’SELskillstothefull.D.Theusefulinterventionplansforacademicperformance.1.C2.D3.A4.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，学生的社会情感能力与他们在学业上的表现是正相关的，教育人士或可利用这一点对学生给予支持。1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Tounderstandthelinksbetweensocial-emotionallearning(SEL)andacademicoutcomes,thestudyanalyzedstudentscreeningassessmentsforsocial-emotionalskillsandreadingandmathperformanceofnearly4,000K-8studentsinthe2021-22schoolyear.（为了了解社会情感学习（SEL）与学业成绩之间的联系，该研究分析了2021-22学年涵盖幼儿园到八年级共近4000名学生的社会情感技能、阅读和数学成绩的筛查评估情况。）”可知，该项研究主要是通过进行数据分析来完成的。故选C项。2.推理判断题。先分析第五段所给例子“Forexample,ifastudentisstrugglingwithreading,butheisverysocial（例如，如果一个学生阅读比较吃力，但他是社交达人）”及研究机构的负责人Sutton给出的建议“Perhapsthestudentcouldtakeontheroleofteacherandexplainsomethingtotheirpeersinordertohelpthempracticereadingcomprehension,aswellassocialskills（也许这名学生可以扮演老师的角色，向其他同学阐述说明，从而帮助他们练习阅读理解和社交技能）”可知，这显然是承接上文末尾的“Therefore,“itwouldbebeneficialforeducatorstothinkaboutmorecombinedsupportplansforstrugglingstudents,”sheadded.（因此，她补充道：“教育工作者为陷入困境的学生想出更多的综合支持计划，这将是十分有益的。”）”即通过例子来倡导、鼓励教育人士结合社会情感和学业两方面为学生提供一些帮助和支持。故选D项。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Todothat,districtandschoolleadersshouldensurethattheiracademic,behavioral,andsocial-emotionalsupportteamsworktogetherandthatallstakeholders-students,parents,andteachers-arepartoftheprocessofcreatinginterventionplans.（为此，学区和学校领导应确保他们的学术、行为和社会情感支持团队协同工作，并确保所有利益相关者——学生、家长和教师——都参与到制定干预计划的过程中。）”可知，在设计干预策略的过程中，最重要的就是各方的协调与合作，共同努力。故选A项。4.主旨大意题。总览全文可知，文章从一项研究结果引入，指出学生的社会情感能力对其学业表现的正向影响，B选项“社会情感学习能力对于学术表现的影响”符合文章的主要内容。故选B项。【文章大意题专练02】（23-24高三下·安徽蚌埠·期中）Assomeonewhooftenmansthe24-hourhotline,I’maccustomedtoearlymorningcallsreportingvariousmarinemammalstrandings(搁浅).Evenstill,IdoubtwhetherIcouldhavefullypreparedforthiscall.August9at8:01amwasthefirsttimemyjawphysicallydroppedwhenmanningthehotline.Theharbormasterreported30strandeddolphinsinoneofthetrickiestareasofWellfleet.Iimmediatelysentallworkerswehadandsentoutthecallforanyadditionalhelpwecouldgather.OurteamgatheredatourRescueOperationsCenter,grabbingallthespecializedequipmentwepossiblycould.Ourtrainedvolunteerrespondersarrivedonthesceneshortlyaftertheinitialreporttogivemeupdatedinformation—45dolphinsintotal,43ofwhichwerealive.Withastrandingthislarge,itwasn’tfeasibletopullall43animalsfromthemud,getthemtoourmobileveterinaryclinic,andtransportthemforreleaseatamorefavorableopen-oceanlocationallbeforethetidecamein.Thedaywasgettinghotter,andtheanimalswerealreadysufferingfrombothheatandsunexposure.Upongettingonthescene,therewasnotimetoreacttothesheerchaosthatlayahead.Afteraquickscanofthesituation—45animalswidelydistributed,onlyafewstaffmembersandseveralvolunteers—therewasn’tasecondmoretowait.Webeganthehardprocessofgettingasmanyanimalsaswecouldintospecialslings(吊带),ontothecart,andoffthemarshasquicklyaspossible.Thiswasnotwithoutitsownchallenges.Themudtrappedandenvelopedourfeet,addingweightwitheachstep,mostanimalswerehighlyfractious(易怒的)whenapproached,andtheheatbecameunbearableindrysuits.Butnoneofthatwasgoingtostopusfromdoingallwecouldfortheseanimals.1.HowdidtheauthorreacttothecallonthemorningofAugust9?A.Hethoughtitwasajoke. B.Hewasshockedtothebone.C.Hedidn’ttakeitseriously. D.Hewasatalosswhattodo.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“feasible”inparagraph2mean?A.Efficient. B.Practical. C.Urgent. D.Remarkable.3.Whatmadeachallengetotheauthor’steam?A.Thetidewascominginveryquickly.B.Itwashardtofindanopen-oceanlocation.C.Thevolunteersfailedtocontacteachother.D.Therewasdeepmudaroundtowalkthrough.4.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Arescueeffort. B.Avolunteerprogram.C.Afestiveactivity. D.Acharityorganization.【答案】1.B2.B4.D5.A【导语】这是一篇叙述文，主要描述了作者作为24小时热线工作人员，接到关于海豚搁浅的报告后，他和他的团队如何进行紧急救援的情况。1.细节理解题。根据第一段“IdoubtwhetherIcouldhavefullypreparedforthiscall.August9at8:01amwasthefirsttimemyjawphysicallydroppedwhenmanningthehotline.(我怀疑我是否能够完全准备好接听这个电话。8月9日上午8:01，是我在值班时第一次惊呆了。)”可知，作者对这个电话的反应是非常震惊的，故选B项。2.词句猜测题。结合语境，再根据第二段“Itwasn’tfeasibletopullall43animalsfromthemud,getthemtoourmobileveterinaryclinic,andtransportthemforreleaseatamorefavorableopen-oceanlocationallbeforethetidecamein.(在潮水涨上来之前，把43只动物从泥潭中拉出来，送到我们的移动兽医诊所，并运送到更有利的开放海域位置，这在现实中是不feasible的。)”可知，在潮水涨上来之前，很难（几乎不可能）把43只动物从泥潭中拉出来，送到我们的移动兽医诊所，并运送到更有利的开放海域位置，因此“feasible”在这里的意思是“实际可行的”，故选B项。3.细节理解题。根据第三段“Themudtrappedandenvelopedourfeet,addingweightwitheachstep,mostanimalswerehighlyfractiouswhenapproachedandtheheatbecameunbearableindrysuits.(泥潭困住了我们的脚，每一步都增加了重量，大多数动物在接近时都非常易怒，而且我们穿着干式潜水服，热度变得难以忍受。)”可知，救援团队面临的主要挑战是周围有深泥，难以行走，故选D项。4.主旨大意题。根据第二段“OurteamgatheredatourRescueOperationsCenter,grabbingallthespecializedequipmentwepossiblycould.(我们的团队聚集在我们的救援行动中心，尽可能多地拿起所有专门的设备。)”及全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者和他的团队在接到海豚搁浅的报告后，如何迅速组织救援行动，以及在救援过程中遇到的困难和挑战。因此，文章的主要内容是一次救援行动，故选A项。【文章大意题专练03】（2024·陕西榆林·一模）WhenIwasaboy,therewasbutonepermanentambitionamongmycomradesinourvillageonthewestbankofMississippiRiver.Thatwas,tobeasteamboatman.Wehadtemporaryambitionsofothersorts,buttheywereonlytemporary.Myfatherwasajusticeofthepeace,andIsupposedhepossessedthepoweroflifeanddeathoverallmenandcouldhanganybodythatoffendedhim.Thiswasdistinctionenoughformeasageneralthing;butthedesiretobeasteamboatmankeptintruding(闯入),nevertheless.Oneofourboysintown,whowentawayandwasnotheardofforalongtime,turnedupasanapprenticeengineeronasteamboat.ThisthingshookthebottomoutofallmySunday-schoolteachings.Thatboywasnotoriouslyworldly,andIwasjusttheopposite.Therewasnothinggenerousaboutthisfellowinhisgreatness.Hewouldalwaysmanagetohavearustynailtoscrubwhilehisboatstoppedatourtown,andhewouldsitontheinsideguardandscrubit,wherewecouldallseehim.Andwhereverhisboatwaslaiduphewouldcomehomeandshowoffinthetowninhisblackestandgreasiestclothes,sothatnobodycouldhelprememberingthathewasasteamboatman;andheusedallsortsofsteamboattechnicaltermsinhistalk,asifheweresousedtothemthatheforgotcommonpeoplecouldnotunderstandthem.Thiscreature’scareercouldproducebutoneresult,anditwasspeedilyfollowed.Boyafterboymanagedtogetontheriver.Despitemanychoices,pilotwasthegrandestpositionofall.Thepilot,eveninthosedaysoftrivialwages,hadaprincelysalary—from150-250dollarsamonth,andnoboardpayment.Butourparentswouldnotletusandourworrywasthatthenextyearwouldfindushuntingforjobswithlowpayagain.SobyandbyIranaway.IsaidIneverwouldcomehomeagaintillIwasapilotandcouldcomeinglory.1.Whydoesthewritermentionhisfather’sjobinParagraph2?A.Toshowthathisfatherwasinpower. B.Toshowthathisfatheriscruel.C.Toemphasizethejobheprefers. D.Toemphasizehisloveforhisfather.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestconcludethewriter’sattitudetowardtheboy?A.Hethoughttheboywasmaterialbutpitiful.B.Hethoughttheboywasannoyingbutstillenviedhim.C.Hethoughttheboywasshallowbutknowledgeable.D.Hethoughttheboywasgoodbutstilldislikedhim.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Theboytalkedinawaytomakeothersfeeljealous.B.Theboy’sexperiencemadeotherboyslikehim.C.Thepilot’ssalarywasrelativelyhighbutwithoutmealscovered.D.Theboymadehischildhooddreamcometrue.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Parents’interferencewithchildren’scareer. B.Theboy’spassionforhisidealjob.C.Theboy’ssharpjealousyofhisbrother. D.Lowpaymentofsteamboatman.【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候梦想当一个汽船水手，描述了一个汽船水手男孩在船上的生活以及作者对他的一些看法。1.推理判断题。根据第二段“Myfatherwasajusticeofthepeace,andIsupposedhepossessedthepoweroflifeanddeathoverallmenandcouldhanganybodythatoffendedhim.Thiswasdistinctionenoughformeasageneralthing;butthedesiretobeasteamboatmankeptintruding(闯入),nevertheless.(我父亲是治安法官，我想他对所有的人都有生杀大权，可以绞死任何得罪他的人。一般说来，这对我来说就已经足够了不起了。不过，想当一名汽船船员的愿望还是不断地涌上心头)”可推知，作者在第二段提到他父亲的工作是为了强调他更喜欢的工作。故选C。2.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thatboywasnotoriouslyworldly,andIwasjusttheopposite.Therewasnothinggenerousaboutthisfellowinhisgreatness.(那个男孩是出了名的世故，而我恰恰相反。这个家伙也不慷慨)”以及“Andwhereverhisboatwaslaiduphewouldcomehomeandshowoffinthetowninhisblackestandgreasiestclothes,sothatnobodycouldhelprememberingthathewasasteamboatman;andheusedallsortsofsteamboattechnicaltermsinhistalkasifheweresousedtothemthatheforgotcommonpeoplecouldnotunderstandthem.(不管他的船停在什么地方，他总要回到家里来，在镇上炫耀他那最黑、最油腻的衣服，好让所有人都记住他是一个汽船上的水手；他在谈话中使用了各种蒸汽船的术语。好像他已经习惯了，忘记了一般人是听不懂的)”可推知，作者觉得那个男孩很烦人，但仍然很羡慕他。故选B。3.推理判断题。根据第二段中“heusedallsortsofsteamboattechnicaltermsinhistalkasifheweresousedtothemthatheforgotcommonpeoplecouldnotunderstandthem.(他在谈话中使用了各种各样的蒸汽船术语，好像他已经习惯了这些术语，以至于忘记了普通人是听不懂的)”可推知，这个男孩说话的方式让别人感到嫉妒。故选A。4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“WhenIwasaboy,therewasbutonepermanentambitionamongmycomradesinourvillageonthewestbankofMississippiRiver.Thatwas,tobeasteamboatman.Wehadtemporaryambitionsofothersorts,buttheywereonlytemporary.(当我还是个孩子的时候，在密西西比河西岸的村子里，我的同志们只有一个永恒的志向。那就是成为一名汽船船员。我们也有其他暂时的野心，但那只是暂时的)”以及主要讲述了作者小时候梦想当一个汽船水手，描述了一个汽船水手男孩在船上的生活以及作者对他的一些看法。由此可知，这篇文章的主要内容是男孩对理想工作的热情。故选B。【文章大意题专练04】（2024·陕西安康·模拟预测）InthesceniccoastalcityofCornwall,LizziLarbalestierhasbecomeabeaconofhopeformarine(海洋的)wildlife.AsacommittedvolunteerforBritishDiversMarineLifeRescue(BDMLR),herjourneybeganwithtransformingherAirbnb,anonlineplatformthatallowspeopletorentouttheirhomesoraccommodationstotravelers,intoatemporaryhavenforinjuredseals.Thiseffortcameastheresultoftheincreasingincidentsofmarineanimalssufferingfromhuman-relatedinjuriesandthelackofspecializedcarefacilitiesintheregion.Recognizingtheurgentneedforamorepermanentsolution,Lizzi,alongsideherhusbandandateamofcommittedvolunteers,establishedafullyequippedsealhospital.Thisfacility,nowinitsthirdyearofoperation,hasexpandeditscapacitytotenpensandispreparedtorecoveraround100sealsannually.Thehospitalcaterstoavarietyofcases:sealsinjuredbyboatsorcaughtinfishinggear(用具),youngpupsseparatedfromtheirmothers,andyoungsealsweakenedbypoornutrition.Eachanimalreceivespersonalizedcare,rangingfrombasicfirstaidtoextensiverecoveryprograms.Afterinitialtreatment,sealsareoftenmovedtolargerrecoverycentersforfurthercarebeforetheirreleasebackintothewild.Lizzi’scommitmenttomarineconservationextendsbeyondsealrescue.SheisanactiveparticipantinenvironmentalcampaignslikeSurfersAgainstSewageandGhostnetbuster.HertirelesseffortswererecognizedwhenshereceivedtheAnimalActionAwardfromtheInternationalFundforAnimalWelfare.LizziowesthesuccessofBDMLR’soperationstothecollectiveeffortofallvolunteers,emphasizingtheimportanceofteamworkinachievingtheirconservationgoals.TheBDMLRteamalsorespondstoemergenciesinvolvingothermarinewildlife,likewhalesanddolphins.Lizzirecallsseveralsuccessfuloperations,includingtherescueofstranded(搁浅的)dolphinsandaturtlethatrequiredspecializedcare.Lizzi’sstoryisnotjustaboutrescuingmarineanimals;it’saproofofthepowerofcommunityinvolvementandtheimpactofindividualsonenvironmentalconservation.1.WhatinspiredLizzitoprotectthemarinewildlife?A.Oneofhertripstotheseaside. B.IncreasingprofitsfromherAirbnb.C.Herloveforthemarinecreatures. D.Moreandmoreinjuredmarineanimals.2.WhatdoweknowaboutthesealhospitalfromParagraph2?A.Ithasbeeninoperationforfiveyears.B.Itprovidesaseparatespaceforeachseal.C.Itisthelargestrecoverycenterinthearea.D.Itofferstemporaryhelptoinjuredanimals.3.WhatmessagedoesBDMLR’ssuccessconveyaccordingtoLizzi?A.AllroadsleadtoRome. B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.C.Everycloudhasasilverlining. D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Aprofessionalguidetosealrescue.B.Challengesofmarinewildliferecovery.C.ThejourneyofamarineliferescuerinCornwall.D.Theimpactofhumanactivitiesonmarineecosystems.【答案】1.D2.D3.B4.C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文通过描述LizziLarbalestier在Cornwall为海洋野生动物保护所做的努力，强调了个人和团队在环境保护中的重要作用。1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Thiseffortcameastheresultoftheincreasingincidentsofmarineanimalssufferingfromhuman-relatedinjuriesandthelackofspecializedcarefacilitiesintheregion.(这一努力是由于越来越多的海洋动物受到与人类有关的伤害，以及该区域缺乏专门的护理设施)”可知，越来越多的海洋动物因为人类活动受伤且缺乏专业的照料设施，这促使Lizzi想要保护海洋动物。故选D。2.细节理解题。根据第二段“Afterinitialtreatment,sealsareoftenmovedtolargerrecoverycentersforfurthercarebeforetheirreleasebackintothewild.(经过最初的治疗后，海豹通常会被转移到更大的康复中心进行进一步的护理，然后再被放归野外)”可知，海豹医院为受伤的动物提供暂时的帮助。故选D。3.推理判断题。根据第三段“LizziowesthesuccessofBDMLR’soperationstothecollectiveeffortofallvolunteers,emphasizingtheimportanceofteamworkinachievingtheirconservationgoals.(Lizzi将BDMLR的成功归功于所有志愿者的集体努力，并强调了团队合作在实现保护目标中的重要性)”可知，根据Lizzi的说法，BDMLR的成功说明了人多好办事。故选B。4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“InthesceniccoastalcityofCornwall,LizziLarbalestierhasbecomeabeaconofhopeformarine(海洋的)wildlife.AsacommittedvolunteerforBritishDiversMarineLifeRescue(BDMLR),herjourneybeganwithtransformingherAirbnb,anonlineplatformthatallowspeopletorentouttheirhomesoraccommodationstotravelers,intoatemporaryhavenforinjuredseals.(在风景秀丽的海滨城市康沃尔，莉兹·拉巴莱斯蒂尔已经成为海洋野生动物的希望灯塔。作为英国潜水员海洋生命救援组织的一名忠实志愿者，她的旅程始于将她的Airbnb(一个允许人们将房屋或住宿出租给旅行者的在线平台)转变为受伤海豹的临时避难所)”结合文章讲述了LizziLarbalestier在Cornwall为海洋野生动物保护所做的努力，因此C项“一名海洋生物救援者在康沃尔的旅程”最能概括本文大意。故选C。【文章大意题专练05】（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）Whenheflaggedmedown,Ithoughthewasaneldercollectinga“customsfee”,thefewdollarsitcoststousevillageroadsthatleadtomanyofSamoa’ssights.He’dbeensittinglazilyinagreyingroadsideshack(棚子)builtforsuchoccasions.NormallyIwouldn’tpickupafreerider.ButItriedtoliveoutadream.I’dwantedtogotoPulemeleiMoundsinceI’dhearditmentionedinanarchaeologyclassyearsago.The“mound”isactuallyapyramid40feethighandroughly200feetacrossatitsbase.So,Iasked,“DoyouknowhowtogettoPulemeleiMound?”“Mmm,”hesaid,raisinghiseyebrowsintheclassicPolynesiangesturefor“yes”.“Ineedtopickupmycaratthemechanicbutnohurry,I’lltakeyoutherefirstifyouwant.”You’dthinkthatagiantpyramidwouldbeamajorsight,oratleastsomethingmanypeoplehadheardof,butitisn’t.Myaccidentalfriend’sraiseoftheeyebrowswasthemostpromisingprospectI’dhadinaweek.Wedrovealongtheroadinsilenceforafewminutes.Thenmynewfriendbrokethesilenceand,meanwhile,myhopes.“I’veneverbeentoPulemelei,”hesaid.“I’velivedherebutIneverthoughtofgoing.”Myheartsank.Butwepressedon,crossingastream,walkingthroughwaist-highgrass,andthenanothermileofhotwalkuntilwefoundasign.There,barelyvisible,werethewords:“PulemeleiMound150m”.Thesignmarkedadarktunnelofjungle.Thenthepathopenedtoraysofsunshine.Weclimbed.Andthen,magic.Wewerestandingontopo