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交互综合英语(23-24-1)学习通超星期末考试章节答案2024年Directions:
Thereare3passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron
AnswerSheet.Passage3Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcar-makers,cost$2,000andup.Nosurprise,then,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxurycars,likeLexus,BMWandAudi.Butitisadevelopingtechnology-meaningpricesshouldeventuallydrop-andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.Evenatcurrentprices,anavigationcomputerisimpressive.Itcanguideyoufrompointtopointinmostmajorcitieswithpreciseturn-by-turndirections-spokenbyaclearhuman-soundingvoice,andwrittenonascreeninfrontofthedriver.Thecomputerworkswithanantenna(天线)thattakessignalsfromnofewerthanthreeofthe24globalpositioningsystem(GPS)satellites.Bymeasuringthetimerequiredforasignaltotravelbetweenthesatellitesandtheantenna,thecar'slocationcanbepinneddownwithin100meters.Thesatellitesignals,alongwithinputsonspeedfromawheel-speedsensoranddirectionfromameter,determinethecar'spositionevenasitmoves.Thisinformationiscombinedwithamapdatabase.Streets,landmarksandpointsofinterestareincluded.Mostsystemsarebasicallyidentical.Thedifferencescomeinhardware-thewaythecomputeracceptsthedriver'srequestfordirectionsandthewayitpresentsthedrivinginstructions.Onmostsystems,adriverentersadesiredaddress,motorwayjunctionorpointofinterestviaatouchscreenordisc.ButtheLexusscreengoesastepfurther:youcanpointtoanyspotonthemapscreenandgetdirectionstoit.BMW'ssystemoffersasetofcrosshairs(瞄准器上的十字纹)thatcanbemovedacrossthemap(youhaveseveralchoicesofmapscale)topickapointyou'dliketogetto.Audi'sscreencanbeswitchedtoTVreception.Eventhevoicesthatrecitethedirectionscandiffer,withbettersystemslikeBMW'sandLexus'shavingawidervocabulary.TheinstructionsareavailableinFrench,German,Spanish,DutchandItalian,aswellasEnglish.Thedrivercanalsochooseparametersfordeterminingtheroute:fastest,shortestornofreeways(高速公路),forexample.1.
Welearnfromthepassagethatnavigationcomputers________.
A)willgreatlypromotesalesofautomobiles
B)mayhelpsolvepotentialtrafficproblems
C)arelikelytobeacceptedbymoredrivers
D)willssoonbeviewedasasymbolofluxury2.
Withanavigationcomputer,adriverwilleasilyfindthebestroutetohisdestination________.
A)byinputtingtheexactaddress
B)byindicatingthelocationofhiscar
C)bycheckinghiscomputerdatabase
D)bygivingvocalorderstothecomputer3.
Despitetheirvarieddesigns,navigationcomputersusedincars________.
A)aremoreorlessthesameprice
B)providedirectionsinmuchthesameway
C)workonmoreorlessthesameprinciples
D)receiveinstructionsfromthesamesatellites4.
Thenavigationcomputerfunctions________.
A)bymeansofadirectionfinderandaspeeddetector
B)basicallyonsatellitesignalsandamapdatabase
C)mainlythroughthereceptionofturn-by-turndirections
D)byusingascreentodisplaysatellitesignals5.
ThenavigationsystemsincarslikeLexus,BMWandAudiarementionedtoshow________.
A)theimmaturityofthenewtechnology
B)thesuperiorityoftheglobalpositioningsystem
C)thecauseofpricefluctuationsincarequipment
D)thedifferentwaysofprovidingguidancetothedriver
答案:C;A;C;B;DDirections:
Thereare3passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron
AnswerSheet.Passage2Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatislessthansufficienttosurviveinoursociety.Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica'sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickering(闪烁)atthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandhowitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,buteverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitude(独处的状态)goestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic(心理的),andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime;itseffectsarestillbegindebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfacetofcomposition,publication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe'veknownit.1.
ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeople,drawnbytheauthor,is_____.
A)ratherbleak
B)fairlybright
C)veryimpressive
D)quiteencouraging2.
Theauthor'sbiggestconcernis____________.
A)elementaryschoolchildren'sdisinterestinreadingclassics
B)thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S.
C)themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading
D)thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass3.
Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis___________.
A)theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms
B)theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature
C)theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding
D)theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput4.
Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseis________.
A)tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit
B)toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures
C)tothinkitoverconscientiously
D)tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue5.
Aboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeels____________.
A)upset
B)uncertain
C)alarmed
D)pessimistic
答案:A;D;C;A;BDirections:
Thereare3passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron
AnswerSheet.Passage3Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Warmaybeanaturalexpressionofbiologicalinstinctsanddrivestowardaggressioninthehumanspecies.Naturalimpulsesofanger,hostility,andterritoriality(守卫地盘的天性)areexpressedthroughactsofviolence.Thesesareallqualitiesthathumanssharewithanimals.Aggressionisakindofinnate(天生的)survivalmechanism,aninstinctforself-preservation,thatallowsanimalstodefendthemselvesfromthreatstotheirexistence.But,ontheotherhand,humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehavior.Inthecaseofhumanaggression,violencecannotbesimplyreducedtoaninstinct.Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.Inhumansocietiesviolencehasasocialfunction:Itisastrategyforcreatingordestroyingformsofsocialorder.Religioustraditionshavetakenaleadingroleindirectingthepowersofviolence.Wewilllookattheritualandethical(道德上的)patternswithinwhichhumanviolencehasbeendirected.
Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themoredevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themoresocietytakesresponsibilityforthediscovery,control,andpunishmentofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealwithanactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforpersonallycarryingoutjudgmentandpunishmentuponthepersonwhocommittedtheoffense.Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment.Inasatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecyclesofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.
Theothersideofastatelegalapparatusisastatemilitaryapparatus.Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.Inwarthestateaffirmsitssupremepowerovertheindividualswithinitsownborders.Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.Timesofwartestacommunity’sdeepestreligiousandethicalcommitments.1.
Humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehaviorinthat______.
A)itthreatenstheexistingsocialsystems
B)itisinfluencedbysociety
C)ithasrootsinreligiousconflicts
D)itisdirectedagainstinstitutionsoflaw2.
Thefunctionoflegalsystems,accordingtothepassage,is______.
A)tocontrolviolencewithinasociety
B)toprotecttheworldfromchaos
C)tofreesocietyfromtheideaofrevenge
D)togivethegovernmentabsolutepower3.
Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“…inlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused”(Lines5-6,Para.2)
A)Legalsystemsgreatlyreducethepossibilitiesofphysicalviolence.
B)Offensesagainstindividualsarenolongerjudgedonapersonalbasis.
C)Victimsofviolencefinditmoredifficulttotakerevenge.
D)Punishmentisnotcarriedoutdirectlybytheindividualsinvolved.4.
Theword“allegiance”(Line5,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto______.
A)loyalty
B)objective
C)survival
D)motive5.
Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?
A)Governmentstendtoabusetheirsupremepowerintimesofwar.
B)Intimesofwargovernmentsmayextendtheirpoweracrossnationalborders.C)Intimesofwargovernmentsimposehighreligiousandethicalstandardsontheirpeople.
D)Governmentsmaysacrificeindividualsintheinterestsofthestateintimesofwar.
答案:B;A;A;A;DDirections:
Thereare3passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron
AnswerSheet.Passage2Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance(异乎寻常地).Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifefroaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.
AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepast—andhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.
Mostimportant,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimates(灵长目动物)some65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.
ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenign(宜人的)globalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years—duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared—isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryingclimateovertheages.Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.1.
Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged______.
A)togiveuphisformerwayoflife
B)topleavethecoastalareas
C)tofollowtheever-shiftingvegetation
D)toabandonhisoriginalsettlement2.
Earthscientistshavecometounderstandthatclimate______.
A)isgoingthroughafundamentalchange
B)hasbeengettingwarmerfor10,000years
C)willeventuallychangefromhottocold
D)hasgonethroughperiodicalchanges3.
Scientistsbelievethathumanevolution______.
A)hasseldombeenaccompaniedbyclimaticchanges
B)hasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimaticchanges
C)haslargelybeenaffectedbyclimaticchanges
D)hashadamajorimpactonclimaticchanges4.
Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat______.
A)humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth’senvironment
B)Earth’senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumaninterference
C)Earth’sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyinthefuture
D)Earth’sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesinthefuture5.
Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat______.
A)humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticchanges
B)mankindisvirtuallyhelplessintheeffaceofthedramaticchangesofclimate
C)manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarmingprocess
D)humancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnature
答案:A;B;C;C;CDirections:Thereare3passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.PassageOneQuestions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Aboutthetimethatschoolsandothersquitereasonablybecameinterestedinseeingtoitthatallchildren,whatevertheirbackground,werefairlytreated,intelligencetestingbecameunpopular.Somethoughtitwasunfairtominoritychildren.Throughthepastfewdecadessuchtestinghasgoneoutoffashionandmanycommunitieshaveindeedforbiddenit.However,paradoxically,justrecentlyagroupofblackparentsfiledalawsuit(诉讼)inCaliforniaclaimingthatthestate'sbanonIQtestingdiscriminatesagainsttheirchildrenbydenyingthemtheopportunitytotakethetest.(Theybelieved,correctly,thatIQtestsareavalidmethodofevaluatingchildrenforspecialeducationclasses.)Thejudge,therefore,reversed,atleastpartially,hisoriginaldecision.Andsotheargumentgoesonandon.Doesitbenefitorharmchildrenfromminoritygroupstohavetheirintelligencetested?Wehavealwaysbeenonthesideofpermitting,evenfacilitating,suchtesting.Ifachildofanycolororgroupisdoingpoorlyinschoolitseemstousveryimportanttoknowwhetheritisbecauseheorsheisoflowintelligence,orwhethersomeotherfactoristhecause.Whatschoolandfamilycandotoimprovepoorperformanceisinfluencedbyitscause.Itisnotdiscriminativetoevaluateeitherachild'sphysicalconditionorhisintellectuallevel.Unfortunately,intellectuallevelseemstobeasensitivesubject,andwhatthelawallowsustodovariesfromtimetotime.Thesamefluctuationbackandforthoccursinareasotherthanintelligence.Thirtyyearsorsoago,forinstance,whitefamilieswereencouragedtoadoptblackchildren.Itwasconsidereddiscriminativenottodoso.Andthenthestylechangedandthiscross-racialadoptingbecamegenerallyunpopular,andsocialagenciesfeltthatblackchildrenshouldgotoblackfamiliesonly.Itishardtosaywhatarethebestprocedures.Butsurelygoodwillonthepartofallofusisneeded.Astointelligence,inouropinion,themoreweknowaboutanychild'sintellectuallevel,thebetterforthechildinquestion.1.
Whydidtheintelligencetestbecomeunpopularinthepastfewdecades?
A)Itsvaliditywaschallengedbymanycommunities.
B)Itwasconsidereddiscriminativeagainstminoritychildren.
C)Itmetwithstrongoppositionfromthemajorityofblackparents.
D)Itdeprivedtheblackchildrenoftheirrightstoagoodeducation.2.
TherecentlegalactiontakenbysomeblackparentsinCaliforniaaimedto________.
A)drawpublicattentiontoIQtesting
B)putanendtospecialeducation
C)removethestate'sbanonintelligencetests
D)havetheirchildrenenterwhiteschools3.
Theauthorbelievesthatintelligencetesting________.
A)mayeaseracialconfrontationintheUnitedStates
B)canencourageblackchildrentokeepupwithwhitechildren
C)mayseriouslyaggravateracialdiscriminationintheUnitedStates
D)canhelpblackparentsmakedecisionsabuttheirchildren'seducation4.
Theauthor'sopinionofchildadoptionseemstobethat________.
A)noruleswhatsoevercanbeprescribed
B)whitefamiliesshouldadoptblackchildren
C)adoptionshouldbebasedonIQtestresults
D)cross-racialadoptionistobeadvocated5.
Childadoptionismentionedinthepassagetoshowthat________.
A)goodwillmaysometimescomplicateracialproblems
B)socialsurroundingsarevitaltothehealthygrowthofchildren
C)intelligencetestingalsoappliestonon-academicareas
D)Americanopinioncanshiftwhenitcomestosensitiveissues
答案:B;A;D;A;CDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblank
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