2024-2025学年高中英语Unit8GreenLivinglesson1练习含解析北师大版必修3

PAGEUnit8GreenLivingLesson1词汇学问·自主学习Ⅰ.依据语境写出正确的单词或短语1.beknownas“Just-me-ism”被称为“唯我独尊”2.can’tbebotheredtopickitup 懒得去捡它3.millionsofgallonsofwater 数百万加仑的水4.theworld’sbest-knownexpertonwildchimpanzees 世界上最闻名的野生黑猩猩专家5.breakopenbrickwallstoreachthelight 打破砖墙以获得光明6.therootsofaplant 植物根部7.makeafirmfoundation 打下坚实的基础

8.involvepeoplewithbusinessprocesses 让人们参加到业务流程中9.makeadogwagitstail 让狗摇尾巴

10.setupaninstitute 创立一家机构Ⅱ.依据语境写出正确的短语1.Maryfeltherselfforcedtotakeaction(实行行动)todefendherself.

2.DuringtheOlympicGames,journalistsfromallaroundtheworld(全世界)cametocovertheevents.

3.Iwon’tbothertodo(懒得做某事)thosetiringanduselessthings.

4.CitieslikeBeijingsufferfrom(遭遇)terriblesmog,andraincanhelpclearawaypollutedair.

5.Hewasdeterminedtodonatehismillionsof(数百万)dollarstobuytheequipmentfortheresearch.

6.Theschemehasbeensetup(设立)tohelphomelesspeople.

7.Inadditionto(除……之外)readingsomepoems,wereadsomenovels.

8.Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakingadifference(有影响)intheworld.

9.TheForbiddenCityisknownas(作为……而出名)oneofthelargestconstructionsintheworld.

10.Myfriendbegantopickup(好转)afterstayinginhospitalforseveraldays.

Ⅲ.依据课文补全句式1.Youknowthatallthosethingsarewrong,butsowhat(那又怎么样)?

2.Ofcourse,itwouldn’tmatter(那没有关系)iftherewerejustafewpeopleintheworld.

3.Toinspireyoungpeopletotakeactionfortheenvironment,animalsandtheircommunity(为了激励年轻人为环境、动物和他们的社区实行行动),Roots&Shootswasestablished.

4.Inadditiontoherresearch,shehasbeenwhole-heartedlycommittedtoenvironmentalprotection(一心一意地致力于环境爱护).

阅读精析·合作学习Task1框架宏观建构:整体理解

1.SkimthepassageandfillintheblanksPara.1:Whatis“(1)__________”?

Para.2: The(2)__________ofRoots&Shoots.

Paras.3～4: The(3)__________ofitsname.

答案:(1)Just-me-ism(2)establishment(3)meaning2.Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?A.Narration(记叙文).B.ArgumentativeEssay(争论文).C.ExpositoryWriting(说明文). D.PracticalWriting(应用文).答案:C3.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?Thepassageismainlyaboutthecharacteristics,significanceandinfluenceofRoots&Shoots,whichaimstoinspireyoungpeopletotakeactionfortheenvironment,animalsandtheircommunity.

【寻技巧·提实力】记笔记(TakingNotes)笔记是演讲中最重要的思想和细微环节的总结。记笔记可以帮助你更好地理解和记忆。·第一次听。关注一般意义。再听一遍,做笔记。不要把每个单词都写下来。只写主要思想和关键词。·运用图表、表格或项目符号。·运用缩写词和符号,例如:org=组织,yrs=年,↑=增加。Task2文本微观剖析:细微环节探究

1.Choosethebestanswer.(1)Whichoffollowingisnot“Just-me-ism”?A.Leavethetaprunningwhileyoubrushyourteeth.B.Leavealightburningwhenyougoout.C.Dropapieceoflitterandcan’tbebotheredtopickitup.D.Turnoffthelightwhenyougoout.(2)WhenwasRoots&Shootsestablished?A.Intheearly1980s.B.Inthelate1980s.C.Intheearly1990s.D.Inthelate1990s.(3)What’sthepurposeofRoots&Shoots?A.Toinspireoldpeople.B.Toinspireyoungpeople.C.Toinspiremiddle-agedpeople.D.Toinspirechildren.(4)Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Everyindividualdoesn’tmatter.B.Everyindividualcanmakeadifferencetotheworld.C.Onlyafewpeoplesufferfrom“Just-me-ism”.D.Peoplecan’tlivetogetherinpeacewithnature.答案:(1)～(4)DCBB2.Rereadthepassageandfillintheblanks.Roots&ShootsThetimeofits(1)establishmentIntheearly1990sThe(2)founderDr.JaneGoodallThepurpose(3)ToinspireyoungpeopleThemeaningofitsnameRootsmoveslowlytomake(4)afirmfoundation.Shootscan(5)breakopenbrickwalls.Everyindividual(6)matterstomaketheworldabetterplace.3.Longsentenceanalysis.(1)Well,sayyouleavethetaprunning(宾语从句)whileyoubrushyourteeth(时间状语从句),leavealightonwhenyougoout(时间状语从句)oryoudropapieceoflitterandcan’tbebotheredtopickitup.

译文:例如,你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流,外出的时候不关灯,或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。(2)Thisinstitute(主语)wassetup(谓语)intheearly1990sbyDr.JaneGoodall(状语),ascientist(先行词)who’stheworld’sbest-knownexpertonwildchimpanzees(定语从句).

译文:这个组织20世纪90年头初由珍·古道尔博士创立。她是世界上最闻名的探讨野生黑猩猩的专家。Task3阅读思维升华:主题实践

1.Whyis“just-me-ism”aproblem?(CriticalThinking批判性思维)Because“Just-me-ism”oftenshowsself-centre,imposingone’sownopiniononothers,whichcanleadtofailureininterpersonalcommunication.

2.WhatcontributiondoesRoots&Shootsmaketosociety?(CriticalThinking批判性思维)Ithelpstochangetheworldandmakeitabetterplacetolivein.

3.WhatisyourexplanationforthetwoquotesfromDr.JaneGoodall?(CreativeThinking创建性思维)It’sanexcitingwaytogetpeopletoworktogethertochangetheworldthroughRoots&Shoots.

要点精研·探究学习1.bothervt.打搅;烦扰;麻烦;花费时间、精力(做某事)n.麻烦;困难*Emailsarebetterforthosebusinesscolleagueswhodon’twanttobebotheredwithsmalltalk.对于那些不想被闲聊烦扰的公司同事,电子邮件要更好一些。*(2024·江苏高考)Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonotknowconstantlybotheredme.我们知道什么和不知道什么这个问题始终困扰着我。*Hedidn’tevenbothertoletmeknowhewascoming.他甚至都没通知我他要来。*Idon’twanttobotherherwithmyproblemsatthemoment.我此刻不想让她为我的事操劳。*Itbothersmetothinkofheraloneinthatbighouse.想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里,我便坐立担心。*Don’tbother.I’llaskVickytocheckitwhensheleaves.不用麻烦了,等薇姬离开的时候,我会让她检查一下。bothertodo/doingsth.费心做某事bothersb.with/aboutsth. 为某事打搅或麻烦某人Itbotherssb.that/todosth. 使某人苦恼的是havebother(in)doingsth. 做某事费劲bother作“麻烦;困难”讲时,是不行数名词;作“令人苦恼的事物;厌烦的人”讲时,是可数名词。(1)语法填空。①Itbothers(bother)Tomthathecan’tfindajobthathereallylikes.②Don’tbothertolook/looking(look)formyumbrella,anditwillturnupsomeday.

③I’msorryIhavebotheredyouwithsomanyquestions.(2)一句多译。你找这所房子找得费劲吗?①Didyouhavemuchbother(in)findingthehouse?(bother)

②Didyouhavetrouble/difficulty(in)findingthehouse?(trouble/difficulty)

2.takeaction实行行动*Weneedmoretimetoseehowthingsdevelopbeforewetakeaction.我们实行行动之前须要更多的时间来视察状况的发展。*It’stimewegotridofthesebadhabitsandtookactiontoprotecttheenvironment.我们是时候改掉这些坏习惯并且实行行动爱护环境了。*Jonwillbeoutofactionforweekswithabrokenleg.乔恩断了一条腿,将有几个星期不能工作。inaction在运转;在活动中outofaction 失去作用,不能工作put/call/bringsth.intoaction 使……行动起来;使生效;使起先工作takeactiontodosth.=takemeasures/stepstodosth. 实行措施做某事Thinktwicebeforeyoutakeaction.三思而后行。(1)Iwanttoseethenewsysteminaction.

我想去看看正在运行的新系统。(2)Thenewplanfortrafficcontrolisbeingputintoactiononanexperimentbasis.新的交通管理方案正在试行。

3.firmadj.坚实的;坚固的n.商行;公司*Thefirm’semployeeswereexpectinglargebonuses.这家公司的雇员们正期盼着大笔的奖金。*Freshfruitshouldbefirmandinexcellentcondition.簇新水果应当硬实且完好无损。*Alwaysholdfirmtoyourbeliefs.恒久坚守你的信念。*Itisnowfirmlyestablishedasoneoftheleadingbrandsinthecountry.现在它已稳稳地确立为国内主要品牌之一。(1)holdfirm(tosth.)坚信;坚持(2)firmly adv.坚决地(1)语法填空。①Iholdfirmtotheideathateffortseventuallypayoff.②Imyselfwillfirmly(firm)carryoutthisplan.(2)Hegraspedherfirmlybythearm.

他紧紧地抓住了她的胳膊。(3)Wehavenofirmevidencetosupportthecase.

我们没有确凿的证据支持这个论点。4.foundationn.基础;地基*Thebuildersarenowbeginningtolaythefoundationsofthenewschool.建筑工人正起先给新校舍打地基。*Theirmarriagewasfoundedonloveandmutualrespect.他们的婚姻建立在爱情和相互敬重的基础上。*Hewasoneofthefoundersoftheuniversity’smedicalfaculty.他是该高校医学院的创建者之一。(1)foundv.创建;建立foundsth.on/uponsth. 把……建立在……上(2)founder n.创建者;创办者;发起人found的过去式和过去分词都是founded;find的过去式和过去分词为found。(1)语法填空。①Theshopisstillrunbythefounder(found)andhistwosons.②Theschoolhasservedthecommunitysinceitsfoundation(found)in1835.(2)Theyfoundedaprimaryschoolinaruralarea.

他们在农村创办了一所小学。(3)Histheoryisfoundedonfacts.

他的理论建立在事实的基础上。5.involvevt.包含;涉及;参加;须要*(2024·江苏高考)Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthecreativepersontobecomeinvolved,includingworkshopsandevents.有很多机会让有创建力的人参加其中,包括研讨会和活动。*Parentsshouldinvolvethemselvesintheirchildren’seducation.父母应当参加孩子的教化。*Thegovernmentshouldtrytoinvolveasmanycitizensaspossibleinprotectingtheenvironment.政府应当让尽可能多的市民参加到环境爱护中来。*Shedislikedhisinvolvementwiththegroupanddislikedhisfriends.她厌烦他加入那个团体,也不喜爱他的那些挚友。(1)involvesb.in(doing)sth.使某人参加(做)某事;使某人牵扯到某事中involvedoingsth.包括做某事;须要做某事(2)involved adj.有牵连的;有关的;参加的get/beinvolvedin 被卷入……之中;热衷于;用心于be/getinvolvedwithsb./sth. 与某人混在一起;和某事有亲密联系(3)involvement n.参加;加入;插手involvedadj.作前置定语时,意为“困难的”;作后置定语时,意为“涉及的”。例如:aninvolvedsentence“一个困难的句子”;thepeopleinvolved“所涉及的人”。InancientChina,however,namingwasverycomplicatedandonepersonusuallyhadseveralnames,andnamesinvolvedxing,shi,ming,andzi.然而在中国古代,起名特别困难。一个人可以有好几个名字,包括姓、氏、名、字。(1)语法填空。①Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.②Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvedspending(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.③Inarecentbook,headvocatedmoregovernmentinvolvement(involve)inhealthcare.④Whenshewasyoung,shedidasmanythingsasshecould,likegettinginvolved(involve)insportsteamsandschoolclubs.(2)Idon’twanttogetinvolvedinofficepolitics.

我不想卷入办公室政治。6.Youknowthatallthosethingsarewrong,butsowhat?

你知道那些都是错的,但那又怎样?【句式解构】本句sowhat为省略句式,补充完整为Sowhatisit?意为“那有什么了不得?/那又怎么样?”,指对事情表示不关切或生气地告知某人事情与自己无关。*Whatiftheytalkedforalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren’tinterestedin?假如他们长时间谈论一幅你不感爱好的画怎么办?*—MichaelwaslateforMrSmith’schemistryclassthismorning.—Howcome?AsfarasIknow,henevercamelatetoclass.——迈克尔今日上午在史密斯先生的化学课上迟到了。——怎么会呢?据我所知,他上课从来不迟到的。*—Heisfifteenyearsyoungerthanyou!—Sowhat?——他比你小十五岁呢!——那又怎么样?英语中常见的省略句式有:Whatif...a.意为“假如……怎么样”,用于提出建议,b.意为“假如……将会怎样”,用于提问将会发生的事,通常是令人不快或惊恐的事情。Whatfor?为什么……?/某物有何用?Howcome意为“……是怎么回事,怎么会……”,可以单独出现在对话的语境中,也可以在howcome后接语序完整的陈述句。①Whatifwegoandseeafilmtomorrownight?

明天晚上我们去看场电影,你觉得怎么样?②Howcome?Wecanstayathomeandwatchfilmsonline.It’sconvenientwithournewandfastnetwork.怎么会呢?我们可以待在家里,在网上看电影。我们的新网络又快又便利。

③—Hisfatherisveryrich.—Sowhat?Hewouldn’taccepthishelpevenifitwereoffered.

——他父亲很富有。——那又怎么样?即使他提出帮助他,他也不会接受。7.That’swhatRoots&Shootsisallabout:thevalueandimportanceofeachindividual—human,animalorplant.这就是“根与芽”的全部意义:重视每一个个体的价值和重要性,不管是人、动物还是植物。

【句式解构】本句中what引导表语从句。what为连接代词,在表语从句中充当介词about的宾语。*Themillionairehasnofriendsaroundhimbecausewhathecaresaboutmostisonlymoney.那位百万富翁身边没有挚友,因为他最在意的东西只是金钱。*Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.中国不再是过去的那个样子了。*Willyoushowmewhatyouboughtforyourfather’sbirthday?你能让我看一下你为你父亲的生日买的礼物吗?what常可用来引导名词性从句,其在名词性从句中常可以理解为:所……的(事情等)。【学问延长】that和what引导名词性从句相同点that与what都可引导名词性从句不同点在引导名词性从句时,that不在从句中作成分,也无详细意思,只起连接作用what在所引导的名词性从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语,并保持原疑问词的意义或表示“……的事情(东西等)”(1)语法填空。①Thatweneedmoreequipmentisveryclear.②Whatheneedsisacooldrink.③Ourschoolisnotwhatitusedtobe.④Thenewscamethatoursportsmeethadbeenputoff.(2)句型转换。①Heisnolongerthepersonthatheusedtobe.→Heisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.

他已不是过去的他了。②Allthatweneedisyourtimelyhelp.→Whatweneedisyourtimelyhelp.

我们所须要的就是你刚好的帮助。拓视野·观天下1.TheNationalInstitutesofHealthsaidonSaturdaythatithaltedaclinicaltrialofmalariadrughydroxychloroquinetotreatCOVID-19patients,sayingithadnobenefits.周六,美国国家卫生探讨院表示,已停止抗疟药物羟氯喹用于治疗新冠肺炎患者的临床试验,称其没有任何疗效。2.ManyBeijingresidentsgotogreatlengthtoavoidbreathingthecity’ssmoggyair,especiallywhenitreachescriticalpollutionlevels,butonelocalfirmdecidedthatcanningandsellingthispoorqualityairasasouvenirwouldbeagreatidea.很多北京居民全力以赴避开呼吸城市的雾霾空气,尤其是当空气污染达到临界水平常,但当地一家公司确定将这种劣质空气装罐并作为纪念品出售是个好办法。3.SheaskedProfessorMiesenbock,the2024WarrenAlpertFoundationPrizewinner,whatheconsideredwerethebestpersonalqualitiesforconductingscientificresearch.她询问了2024年沃伦·阿尔珀特基金奖得主米森伯克教授,他认为进行科学探讨的最佳个人品质是什么。4.In2024,thousandsofpeopleonlinewereinvolvedineffortstohelpan8-year-old,cancer-strickenboyfromtheUnitedStatestorealizehisdream.2024年,成千上万的网友参加到帮助一名来自美国的身患癌症的8岁男孩实现幻想的活动中来。【要点拾遗】1.inspirev.鼓舞,激励;使产生(感觉或情感);赐予灵感,激发想法;启发;启示*(2024·天津高考)Iwasextremelyinspiredbytheelegantwaythewordssounded.我被那些美丽的声音所鼓舞。*Ourchallengeistomotivatethosevotersandinspirethemtojoinourcause.我们的挑战是要激励那些投票者并激励他们加入我们的事业。*Bothpoetsdrewtheirinspirationfromthecountryside.两位诗人都是从乡村获得他们的灵感。(1)inspiresth.insb.=inspiresb.withsth.使某人产生(某种感情)inspiresb.todosth. 鼓舞某人去做某事(2)inspired adj.受到鼓舞的(3)inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的(4)inspiration n.激励;灵感【巧学助记】巧记“inspire”Iwasinspiredwithyourinspiringremarks,whichbroughtmecreativeinspiration.你鼓舞人心的话激励了我,给我带来了创建性的灵感。(1)句型转换。Whathesaidinspireduswithconfidence.→Whathesaidinspiredconfidenceinus.

→Whathesaidinspiredustobeconfident.

(2)我们都被他鼓舞人心的演讲所激励。Allofuswereinspiredbyhisinspiringspeech.

2.commitvt.犯(罪,错误);承诺*Nevertheless,wemustnotcommitthemistakeofanalyzingprogressonlyfromonepointofview.然而,我们决不能犯只从一个角度来分析进展的错误。*Ihavecommittedmyselftosittingontwocommittees.我已承诺担当两个委员会的委员。*Mostcrimesarecommittedbyyoungmen.大多数罪行都是年轻人犯下的。*Borrowersshouldthinkcarefullybeforecommittingthemselvestotakingoutaloan.借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。committedadj.不遗余力的commitment n.承诺,保证;(对工作或某活动)奉献,献身commitsuicide 自杀commitacrime 犯罪commitsb.to(doing)sth. 承诺/保证某人(做)某事becommittedto(doing)sth. 承诺/保证(做)某事(1)语法填空。Aviolentcrimewascommitted(commit)every32secondsinthisareaofthecitylastyear.

(2)It’snormalforchildrentocommitmistakes(犯错误).

(3)Hercommitmenttowork(对工作的奉献)isbeyondquestion.

3.setup建立,创立*(2024·北京高考)AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur,whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.爱丽丝·摩尔是一名十几岁的企业家,她在2015年5月创办了自己的企业AilieCandy。*Thecitypolicesetuproadblockstocheckpassingvehicles.该市警察设置了路障来检查过往车辆。*Theoldmanissettingdownhismemoriesofvillagelife.那位老人正在写下他对乡村生活的回忆。*Whensettingoutonalongwalk,alwayswearsuitableboots.动身进行长距离徒步时,总是要穿上合适的靴子。*Weneedtosetaboutfindingasolution.我们须要着手找寻一个解决方法。*Theysetoffatasteadypace.他们以不紧不慢的速度动身了。【导图理词】ChinesepeopleliketogotoalargesquarewherehugebellsaresetuponNewYear’sEve.在除夕夜,中国人喜爱去一个大广场,那里有设置好的大钟。(1)用恰当的副词填空。①RalphW.Emersonwouldalwayssetdownnewideasthatoccurredtohim.②Inmuchoftheanimalworld,nightisthetimesetasideforsleep—pureandsimple.③Theschoolhassetupaspecialclasstohelpthosepoorlearners.④Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoutfortherailwaystation.

⑤Isetoffforthecompanyearlierinordertoavoidtheheavytraffic.(2)一句多译。老师说明结束之后他起先着手记笔记。①Hesetaboutsettingdownthenoteaftertheteacherfinishedexplaining.

②Hesetouttosetdownthenoteaftertheteacherfinishedexplaining.

4.pickup捡起,捡起;整理,整理;(偶然)学会;用车接某人;收听到;身体好转;取回*(2024·北京高考)Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.机器人电话的问题已经变得如此严峻,以至于很多人现在拒绝接听他们不知道号码的电话。*(2024·北京高考)Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.他们不再走几个街区去接孩子或取回干洗衣物,而是派出自动驾驶的面包车。*(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Don’tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.当你在这里选择一个精彩的科学活动或纪念品来纪念你的访问时,别忘了去太平洋科学中心的商店。*Ifyoulovehelpingtheenvironment,planttreesorpickuplitter.假如你喜爱爱护环境,你可以种树或捡垃圾。*Bulliespickonyoungerchildren.恃强凌弱的家伙欺压更年幼的孩子。*Ihavebeenpickedouttorepresentthewholeteam.我被选择出来代表全队。【导图理词】(1)Hepickedthenewspaperupfromthefloorandpassedittohisfather.

他从地板上捡起报纸,递给他父亲。(2)MothertookMarytothelibrarytopickoutonebookshelikesbest.

妈妈带玛丽去图书馆选择了一本她最喜爱的书。语法精讲·优化学习Verb-ing和Verb-ed形式视察上面对话,并完成句子:1.Hearingthegoodnews,wealljumpedwithjoy.

听到这个好消息,我们都兴奋得跳起来了。2.Thestoryhadasatisfyingending,whichmadeusverysatisfied.

这个故事有一个令人满足的结局,这使我们特别满足。3.Thebrokenclockshouldberepaired.

这个坏了的钟应当修理一下。verb-ing和verb-ed形式在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语,其详细用法如下:1.作表语(1)verb-ed作表语表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态;而verb-ing作表语多表示事物具有的特性。(2)充当表语的词语(过去分词)通常加在系动词后面。常见系动词:be动词:is/am/are/was/were一“似乎”:seem二“保持”:keep,remain三“变更”:become,get,turn五“感官”:look,sound,taste,feel,smell*Thenewsisencouraging.这个消息令人鼓舞。*Lookattheexcitedboy.看那个兴奋的男孩。*Thestoryisterrifying.这个故事很可怕。*Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews.他听到这个消息似乎很兴奋。2.作定语verb-ing作定语表示主动,进行;verb-ed作定语,表示被动,完成。(1)单个的过去分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前;过去分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后,名词与现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。Tom,wearingbeautifulclothes,followedmedownthehill.=Tom,whoiswearingbeautifulclothes,followedmedownthehill.有些过去分词表示特定含义,单独作定语也放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等。另外,单个过去分词作定语修饰代词时,应当放在被修饰的词后面。*Thereisalittletimeleft.Let’shurryup.剩余时间不多了,咱们快点吧。*Iamfondofthefoodcookedbyyourmother.=Iamfondofthefoodthatiscookedbyyourmother.我很喜爱你妈妈做的饭。(2)有些过去分词作定语既可前置也可后置,意义不变。*Allthebrokenwindowshavebeenrepaired.=Allthewindowsbrokenhavebeenrepaired.全部坏了的窗户已经修理好了。3.作状语动词-ing形式(现在分词)和动词-ed形式(过去分词)在句中作状语通常作缘由、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步状语等。主语与动词-ing形式(现在分词)在逻辑上存在主谓关系,主语与动词-ed形式(过去分词)在逻辑上存在动宾关系。*Seeingtheteacher,heranintotheclassroom.一望见老师,他跑进了教室。*Surroundedbyagroupofpupils,theoldteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.在一群学生的蜂拥下,那位老老师走进了教室。*BeingLeaguemembers,weshouldtaketheleadineverything.作为共青团员,凡事我们都应当起带头作用。*Hisparentsdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.他的父母去世了,留给他一大笔钱。*Caughtinaheavyrain,hewaswettotheskin.由于遇上了大雨,他浑身都湿透了。*Gettinguplate,hemissedtheearlytrain.由于起床晚了,他没有赶上早班火车。*Seenfromspace,ourearthlooksmorebeautiful.从太空看,我们的地球看起来更美。动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的独立结构动词-ing形式短语(现在分词短语)和动词-ed形式短语(过去分词短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一样,但有时它们可以有自己的独立主语,这种结构被称为独立主格结构。当逻辑主语与其后的动词是主动关系时,用动词-ing形式;当逻辑主语与其后的动词是被动关系时,用动词-ed形式。*Timepermitting,wecancompletetheproject.假如时间允许,我们就能完成这个项目。(逻辑主语time与permit存在主动关系,独立主格结构作条件状语)*Alltheworkdone,theydecidedtotreatthemselvestoamovie.全部的工作都做完了,他们确定去看一场电影犒劳自己。(逻辑主语allthework与do之间存在被动关系,句中独立主格结构作缘由或时间状语)4.作宾语补足语(1)宾语补足语与宾语是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用verb-ing。宾语补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,即动词与宾语的关系,表示被动,用verb-ed。(2)可接verb-ing作宾语补足语的动词有:①动词feel,hear,lookat,listento,notice,observe,sense,see,watch等可接verb-ing作宾语的补足语。例如:*Iheardhersinginginthenextdoor.当时我听见她在隔壁唱歌。*Iwatchedthemplayingvolleyballontheplayground.我观看他们在操场上打排球。②动词get,have,keep,leave,send,set可接verb-ing作宾语的补足语。*Thearrivalofthepolicesenttherobbersrunningawayquickly.警察的到来使强盗们四处逃跑。*Don’thaveyourgueststandingthereandaskhimtositdown.不要让你的客人站在那里,请他入座。③现在分词用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中,现在分词与宾语之间是主谓关系。*Shefellasleepwiththelightstillburning.她睡着了,灯还亮着。*Alittleboywithtwoofhisfrontteethmissingranintothehouse.一个少了两颗门牙的小男孩跑进了房子。(3)可接verb-ed分词作宾语的补足语的动词有:①表示感觉或心理状态的词,如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,think,consider,find等。②表示“致使”或者“保持某种状态”意义的动词,如make,get,have,keep,leave等词。③表示“希望”“恳求”“吩咐”的词,如watch,wish,like,expect,order等。(1)语法填空。①Thecomputercenter,opened(open)lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.②Thehousebuilt(build)100yearsagostillstoodthereaftertheearthquake.③Putting(put)onhisclothes,Billwentoutinahurry.④Arriving(arrive)home,hefoundthedoorlocked.⑤Whilewaiting(wait)atthedentist’shome,Ireadashortstory.⑥Theteacherstoodthere,surrounded(surround)bymanystudents.⑦Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked(lock).(2)Theexcitedpeoplefinallycooleddown.

激烈的人们最终冷静下来。(3)Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.

因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了。(4)Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinYan’an.

当他看到那些图片时,就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。(5)Sheranuptome,withherhairflyinginthewind.

她跑向我,她的头发在风中飘舞。运用本单元所学v.-ing和v.-ed相关学问翻译下面语段9月份发表的一项探讨表明,有一种令人惊异的方法可以让人们远离不健康的食物:变更他们的记忆。加州高校欧文分校的科学家ElizabethLoftus让志愿者回答一些关于他们性格和食物体验的问题。“一周后,”Loftus说,“在给这些人喂食后,我们让他们把答案输入到我们的智能电脑里,电脑就会记录下他们的童年早期经验。”有一些账户包括一个关键的额外细微环节。探讨者告知他们,他们曾经在吃过草莓冰激凌之后生过病,并随后通过引导性问题将这一细微环节修改进人造记忆之中。那些赐予错误记忆的人中有多达41%的人信任草莓冰激凌曾经让他们生病,而且很多人说他们会避开吃它。AstudypublishedinSeptembersuggeststhereisasurprisingwaytogetpeopletoavoidunhealthyfood:changetheirmemories.ScientistElizabethLoftusoftheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvineaskedvolunteerstoanswersomequestionsontheirpersonalitiesandfoodexperiences.“Oneweeklater,”Loftussays,“havingfedthepeople,wetoldthemtotypetheiranswersintooursmartcomputeranditrecordedtheirearlychildhoodexperiences.”Someaccountsincludedonekeyadditionaldetail.Havingtoldthemthattheyhadgotsickaftereatingstrawberryice-cream,theresearchersthenchangedthisdetailintoamanufacturedmemorythroughleadingquestions.Upto41%ofthosegivenafalsememorybelievedstrawberryice-creamoncemadethemsick,andmanysaidthey’davoideatingit.

课时素养评价六Unit8Lesson1Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Withsomanythingsbothering(bother)me,Ihopeyoucanoffermesomepracticaladvice.2.Thegovernmenthastakenactiontoprotect(protect)theairfrombeingpollutedduringthetwoyears.

3.Thereunitedloversheldeachother’shandfirmly(firm)andwalkedaheadtogether.4.Hehasmadeanimportantcontributiontothecompany’ssuccessatthebeginningofitsfoundation(found).5.However,hedidn’tgetthebricks(brick)forhishouse.6.Myteacherencouragedmetogetinvolved(involve)inthediscussion.7.Englishmajorswouldbeaskedtoexploretheroots(root)oflanguage.8.Itfliesburning5gallons(gallon)ofgasperhourintheair.9.AsfarasI’mconcerned,thesethingsareharmful(harm)fortheirhealth.10.Chinaiscommittedtobuildingacommunitywithashared(share)futureforhumanity.Ⅱ.选词填空takeaction,makeit,inpeace,makeadifference,millionsof,pickup,thinkof,setup,allaroundtheworld,inadditionto1.Instead,hedecidedtotakeactiononhisown.

2.EitheryouoryourbrotheristopickupTomattheairport.

3.Itconsistsofmillionsofpagesofdata.

4.Whatdoyouthinkofthemeetingheldyesterday?

5.Abigsupermarketandmorethantwentydifferentshopshavebeensetupheresincelastyear.

6.TherearemanygovernmentflagsflowingintheUnitedStatesinadditiontothenationalflag.

7.Itisbelievedthattheplacewillbecomeaparadiseifallpeopleliveinpeace.

8.Travelersbroughtbackwonderfulphotosfromallaroundtheworld.

9.Icouldn’tshaketheideathatI’dmakeadifferenceinthelifeofaspeciallittlegirl.

10.Itisseenascharacterbuildingandachancetoprovethattheycanmakeitontheirown.

Ⅲ.完成句子1.Theywentofftogetherandleftmesittingtherealone.

他们一起离开了,让我独自一人坐在那里。(leavesb./sth.doing)2.“Allright,I’vebeenreadingit.Sowhat?”

“Curiositykilledthecat.That’swhat.”“好吧,我是始终在读这个,那又怎么样?”“不怎么样,只是新奇心害死猫。”3.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldacceptmyinvitation.

假如你能接受我的邀请,我会特别感谢。(if引导虚拟语气句)4.It’saverydifficultexamination;areyousureyoucanmakeit?

这次考试很难,你确定你能通过吗?(makeit)5.Whatsurprisedmemostwastheway(that/inwhich)shespoketoherfather.

最令我惊异的是她对她父亲说话的方式。(what引导名词性从句)Ⅰ.完形填空(2024·南昌高一检测)Wehavespentthousandsofyearsfightingforoursurvival.Yetnowwehave1thatourplanetisunderthreat.It’stimewewokeuptotheproblemsandstartedrepairingthedamage.

OneofthemajorproblemsisthedestructionoftherainforestsinSouthAmerica.Theyare2tohalftheworld’sspeciesandtomillionsofpeople.Moreover,therainforests3theairbytakingincarbondioxideandgivingoutoxygen.Thetreesarebeingcutdownforpaperortomakeroomforcattlefarms.Sobirdsandanimals4theirhomesanddie.Thisdestructionisalsobringingaboutchangesintheclimate,airpollutionandflooding.Ifwe5toburnandcutdowntherainforestsaswearedoingnow,theearthwill6restore.

Anotherbig7iswaterpollution.Factoriesarepollutingourriversandlakeswithdangerouschemicals.Tonsofwasteispouredintoourseas.8,sealifeisindanger.

9pollutionisanotherimportantissue.Thecarsandfactoriesinandaroundourcitiesaregivingoff10gases.Inthepastfewyears,moreandmorepeoplethaneverbeforehavebreathingproblems.Ifwedon’tdosomethingnow,ourcitieswillbecome11tolivein.

12,itisnottoolatetosolvetheseproblems.Wehavethetime,themoneyandeventhetechnologytopreparethewayforabetter,cleanerand13future.Wecanplanttreesandbuildparksforthespeciesindanger.Wecanputpressureonthoseinpowerto14.Togetherwecansaveourplanet.Allweneedtodoisopenoureyesandact15.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。人类为了生存在地球上奋斗了几千年,但现在由于过度砍伐,地球面临极大的危急,人类必需实行主动的行动爱护地球。1.A.discoveredB.guessedC.predictedD.forgotten【解析】选A。句意:我们为了生存奋斗了几千年,然而现在我们发觉地球面临威逼。discovered发觉;guessed揣测;predicted预料;forgotten遗忘。依据下文内容可知,虽然我们为了生存奋斗了几千年,然而现在地球面临威逼。2.A.secret B.homeC.hopeD.belief【解析】选B。句意:南美热带雨林是世界上一半物种和几百万人的家园。secret隐私;home家;hope希望;belief信念。依据下文Sobirdsandanimals______theirhomes可知,这里表示物种的家园。

3.A.needB.heatC.cleanD.produce【解析】选C。句意:而且,热带雨林通过汲取二氧化碳放出氧气来清洁空气。need须要;heat把……加热;clean清洁;produce生产。依据常识可知,树木是通过汲取二氧化碳放出氧气来清洁空气。4.A.findB.visitC.loseD.leave【解析】选C。句意:所以鸟儿和动物们失去家园而死亡。find发觉;visit参观;lose失去;leave离开。树木被砍伐,鸟儿和动物失去家园而死亡。5.A.fail B.startC.stopD.continue【解析】选D。句意:假如我们接着像现在这样燃烧和砍伐热带雨林,地球将再也不会复原原样。fail失败;start起先;stop停止;continue接着。依据下一句theearthwill______restore.表示假设接着破坏热带雨林,地球将不再复原如初。

6.A.still B.never C.always D.almost【解析】选B。句意:假如我们接着像现在这样燃烧和砍伐热带雨林,地球将再也不会复原原样。still仍旧;never从不;always总是;almost几乎。破坏后,再也无法还原。7.A.choice B.problem C.goal D.view【解析】选B。句意:另一个大问题是水污染。choice选择;problem问题;goal目标;view看法。依据上一段第一句OneofthemajorproblemsisthedestructionoftherainforestsinSouthAmerica.可知,这一段要讲另一个问题。8.A.Forexample B.AsusualC.Onthewhole D.Asaresult【解析】选D。句意:成吨的废物被排放到海里,结果造成海洋生物处于危急中。forexample例如;asusual像平常一样;onthewhole总的来说;asaresult结果。成吨的废物被排放到海里造成海洋生物处于危急中。9.A.Air B.Noise C.Light D.Soil【解析】选A