北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试卷 附解析

北京市朝阳区2022~2023学年度第一学期期末质量检测高二英语(考试时间100分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用(共三节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。BreakdownandStart-upJustovertwoyearsago,Iwasdrivinghomefairlylateonenightonaquiet,remoteroadwhenanothercarsuddenlymovedtowardsmewithgreat___1___.Ihadtomakeasuddenandquicksidewaysmovementto___2___hittingitandIalmosthitatree.LuckilyIwasn’thurt,butIcouldn’tgetmycartostart.Ithadbrokendown.Ifeltquite___3___asitwaslateandtherewerehardlyanyothercarsaround.I___4___myroadsideassistancecompanyforhelpandtheytoldmesomeonewouldbethereinaroundoneandhalfanhour.Afteraboutfifteenminutes,apassingcar___5___andastrongmanwithaseriousfacesteppedoutofthecar.HeaskedifIneeded___6___andItoldhimwhathadhappened.He___7___offeredtostaywithmeuntilroadsideassistancearrived.IwasuncertainaboutwhattodobecauseIwasnervousanduneasy.Therewassomethingverycalmandcomfortableinhisvoice,soItookhimuponhisoffer.Whilewaiting,westartedtalkingandreally___8___itoff.Bythetimetheroadsideassistancemanturnedup,we’darrangedto___9___again.Twoyearson,wehavesharedthejoysandsorrowsoflifetogether.IwishIcouldthankthecarelessdriverwhoforcedmeofftheroad.Ifhewasabetterdriver,I’dneverhavemetalifelong____10____.1.A.power B.effort C.care D.speed2.A.avoid B.practice C.risk D.delay3A.guilty B.ashamed C.anxious D.curious4.A.phoned B.recommended C.blamed D.examined5.A.startedup B.brokedown C.droveoff D.pulledup6.A.space B.help C.care D.information7.A.kindly B.carefully C.eagerly D.rudely8.A.took B.shook C.knocked D.hit9.A.travel B.play C.meet D.wait10.A.interest B.friendship C.dream D.habit【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.A5.D6.B7.A8.D9.C10.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在一个晚上为了躲避车辆而导致自己的车无法再次启动，一个好心的司机停下车来陪着作者聊天，直到路边救援公司到来，此后作者和那个人成为了好朋友。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在两年前的一个晚上，我很晚才开车回家，行驶在一条僻静偏僻的路上，突然另一辆车以极快的速度向我驶来。A.power权力；B.effort努力；C.care照料，护理；D.speed速度。根据下文“Ihadtomakeasuddenandquicksidewaysmovement”可知，突然另一辆车以极快的速度向作者驶来。故选D。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了避免撞到它，我不得不突然快速地向旁边移动，结果我差点撞到一棵树。A.avoid避免；B.practice练习；C.risk风险；D.delay推迟。根据下文“hittingit”可知，作者是避免撞到那辆车。故选A。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很担心，因为已经很晚了，周围又几乎没有别的车。A.guilty有罪的；B.ashamed惭愧的；C.anxious焦虑的，担心的；D.curious好奇的。根据下文“therewerehardlyanyothercarsaround”可知，天很晚，周围又没有车，所以作者很担心。故选C。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我打电话给路边救援公司寻求帮助，他们告诉我一个半小时左右就会有人到。A.phoned打电话；B.recommended推荐；C.blamed责备；D.examined检查。根据下文“theytoldmesomeonewouldbethereinaroundoneandhalfanhour”可知，作者打电话给路边救援公司寻求帮助。故选A。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：大约十五分钟后，一辆路过的汽车停了下来，一位神情严肃的壮汉从车里走了出来。A.startedup开始；B.brokedown出故障；C.droveoff驾车离去；D.pulledup停下来。根据下文“astrongmanwithaseriousfacesteppedoutofthecar”可知，一辆路过的汽车停了下来。故选D。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他问我是否需要帮助，我告诉他发生了什么事。A.space空间；B.help帮助；C.care照料，护理；D.information信息。根据下文“Itoldhimwhathadhappened”可知，那个人应该是问作者是否需要帮助。故选B。【7题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他好心地提出在路边救援人员到来之前陪着我。A.kindly好心地；B.carefully仔细地；C.eagerly急切地；D.rudely粗鲁地。根据下文“offeredtostaywithme”可知，那个人好心地提出在路边救援人员到来之前陪着作者。故选A。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在等待的时候，我们开始聊天，非常合得来。A.took拿走；B.shook摇晃；C.knocked敲；D.hit打，击。根据下文“Twoyearson,wehavesharedthejoysandsorrowsoflifetogether”可知，作者和那个人非常合得来，hititoff是固定短语，意为“合得来”。故选D。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：路边救援人员出现时，我们已经安排好了再次见面。A.travel旅行；B.play玩儿；C.meet见面；D.wait等待。根据上文“really___8___itoff”和下文“Twoyearson,wehavesharedthejoysandsorrowsoflifetogether”可知，作者和那个人已经安排好了再次见面。故选C。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他是一个更好的司机，我永远不会遇到终身的友谊。A.interest兴趣；B.friendship友谊；C.dream梦想；D.habit习惯。根据上文“Twoyearson,wehavesharedthejoysandsorrowsoflifetogether”可知，此处表示“如果他是一个更好的司机，我永远不会遇到终身的友谊”。故选B。第二节选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组并用其正确形式填空。beconsistentwithmotivateurgentreputationapplyoneselftobeenthusiasticaboutapprovalsetouttakeupinteractwith11.Itwasreally______toseesomeonedoingsomerealefforttosavetheforestsandtrees.12.Themost______thinginafireistomakesureeveryoneisoutofthebuilding.13.Ifyouwouldjust______yourschoolwork,youwouldgetmuchbettergrades.14.Shewasagoodlawyerwitha______forhonestyandcarefulwork.15.Youcanbelievewhatthewitnesssaid.Herversionofevents______theevidence.16.Itisjustthreemonthssincewereceivedofficial______togoaheadwiththeproject.17.She______withtheaimofbecomingtheyoungesteverwinnerofthechampionship.18.Althoughwehavebeentakingclassesonline,wecan______ourteacheroverthephones.19.IknowhowbusyyoumustbeandnaturallyIwouldn’twantto______toomuchofyourtime.20.Ifyou______something,youshowhowmuchyoulikeitbythewaythatyoubehaveandtalk.【答案】11.motivating12.urgent13.applyyourselfto14.reputation15.isconsistentwith16.approval17.setout18.interactwith19.takeup20.areenthusiasticabout【解析】【11题详解】考查现在分词。句意：看到有人付出真正的努力保护森林和树木真是令人欢欣鼓舞。分析句子可知，空格处为表语，motivate“激励；使决心做”为动词，应使用该词的现在分词形式motivating，修饰主语It。故填motivating。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：火灾中最要紧的就是确保将楼里的人全部解救出来。分析句子可知，空格处为thing的定语，urgent“紧迫的；紧急的”是形容词，符合句意，故选填urgent。【13题详解】考查动词短语。句意：如果你能专心致志地完成好学校的课业，那么你的成绩肯定会有很大提高。分析句子可知，空格处充当从句谓语动词，applyoneselfto“专心于；致力于”为动词短语，从句主语为you，故该短语中的反身代词使用yourself，符合句意，情态动词would后用动词原形，故填applyyourselfto。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名优秀的律师，她因诚信做人，认真做事而在业内很有名。分析句子可知，空格处为介词with的宾语，reputation“声名；名誉”为名词，符合句意。故填reputation。【15题详解】考查形容词短语。句意：你可以相信那个证人所说的话。他对整个事件的描述与证据是一致的。beconsistentwith“与……一致的”为形容词短语，符合句意，主语Herversionofevents为单数，该句表述现在的事实，故be动词应使用is，符合句意，故填isconsistentwith。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：从我们得到官方批准继续进行这个项目到现在才三个月。分析句子可知，空格处应作谓语动词received的宾语，approval“批准；同意”为名词，符合句意。故选填approval。【17题详解】考查动词短语。句意：她一心想成为最年轻的锦标赛冠军。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语动词，setout“立志成为；一心想做某事”为动词短语，全句侧重表述过去事实，谓语动词应使用过去式。故填setout。【18题详解】考查动词短语。句意：尽管我们一直在上网课，但我们还是可以通过手机与老师互动。分析句子结构可知，空格处作谓语动词，interactwith“与……互动”为动词短语，符合句意,情态动词can后用动词原形，故填interactwith。【19题详解】考查动词短语。句意：我知道你肯定很忙，因此我也不想占用你太多时间。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语动词wouldn’twant的宾语，takeup“占据；占用”为动词短语，符合句意，结合wanttodo，故填takeup。【20题详解】考查形容词短语。句意：如果你对某件事充满热情，你会通过言行表现出来你的热爱。分析句子可知，beenthusiasticabout“对……热爱的；对……充满热情的”为形容词短语，符合题意，且全句表述一般性事实，从句主语为you，be动词应使用are，符合句意。故填areenthusiasticabout。第三节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。21.Shesaidshedidn’tcareaboutit,butIbelieveshewas_________(secret)delighted.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】secretly【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：她说她不在乎，但我相信她私底下很高兴。空格处修饰形容词delighted，要用副词secretly，意为“暗自感觉地，私底下地”。故填secretly。22.AshewatchedtheTVplay,hesuddenlyrealizedthathe_________(see)itbefore.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】hadseen【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当他看这部电视剧时，他突然意识到之前就看过了。根据句意及句中时间副词before可知，see发生在watched和realized之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填hadseen。23.Shirleyhasa17-year-olddaughter,_________ambitionistobeaphotographer.(用适当的词填空)【答案】whose【解析】【详解】考查定语从句连词。句意：雪莉有一个17岁的女儿。这孩子的志向是当一名摄影师。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为daughter，关系词在从句中作定语，与从句主语之间构成意为“女儿的志向”的所属关系，故填whose。24.Pleasedon’tcomeatfourthisafternoon.I_________(have)ameetingthen.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】willbehaving【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：今天下午四点请不要来。那时我正在开会。根据atfourthisafternoon及then可知，此处描述的动作是将来正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时。故填willbehaving。

25.Readingagoodbookislike________(talk)withanadmirableperson.(用适当的词填空)【答案】talking【解析】【详解】考查动名词。句意：读一本好书，就像和一个令人钦佩的人谈话。此处like意为“像”，作介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，因此空格处是动名词talking。故填talking。26.Stevenshowedmeroundthetown,_________wasverykindofhim.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】which【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Steven带我参观了镇上，他真是太好了。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处主语指前面整句话的内容，因此空格处用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。27.Theheavysnow________(fall)forthreedays.Thefieldswereallwhite.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】hadbeenfalling【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：大雪已经下了三天了。田野都是白色的。结合were和forthreedays可知，此处表示“已经下了三天”，还会继续下，句子用过去完成进行时。故填hadbeenfalling。28.Wehavegoteverything_________(prepare)fortheNewYear’spartytomorrow.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】prepared【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明天新年派对的大小事宜，我们都已准备停当。根据句意可知，此处为“get+sth+非谓语动词”固定搭配，该结构中的非谓语动词作everything的宾语补足语，且提示词与宾语everything之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填prepared。29.John________(work)hereforovertwentyyearsandheisretiringnextmonth.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】hasbeenworking【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：约翰在这里工作了20多年，下个月就要退休了。根据空后forovertwentyyears及heisretiringnextmonth可知，动作一直持续到现在，还会延续到下个月，应用现在完成进行时，主语是第三人称单数。故填hasbeenworking。30.China,_________TracyhadtaughtEnglishforseveralyears,impressedherthemost.(用适当的词填空)【答案】where【解析】【详解】考查定语从句连词。句意：翠西曾在中国教过几年英语。这个国家给她留下了特别深的印象。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为China，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIfyouwouldliketoshareyourknowledgeaboutlifeatMonashandmakeapositiveimpactonothers,becominganeducationpeermentor(导师)istheperfectchoiceforyou.WhatarethebenefitsofEducationPeerMentoring?Receivepriorityaccesstoprofessionaldevelopmentopportunities.Joinourcommunityofhigh-achievingMonashstudents.Developyourleadership,communicationandteamworkskills.MeetandnetworkwithseniorMonashstaffandlike-mindedstudentleaders.RecordthisexperienceonyourAustralianHigherEducationGraduateStatement.Gainrichexperienceforyourresume(简历).Whocanapply?YouhaveadesiretohelpnewstudentsgetstartedandsucceedatMonash.Youarewillingtotalkaboutyourownuniversityexperience.Youshouldhavestronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.Youhavetheabilitytoworkwithavarietyofpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds,Whataretherequirements?YoumustbeastudentatanAustraliancampusforpart-timeorfull-timelearning.Youmustbeatleastinyoursecondyearofstudyorabove.Youshouldbeabletocommittosupportingupto20freshstudentsthroughpersonalinteractions.Youshouldbeabletocommitatleast20hoursvolunteeringthroughouttheprograminonesemester.Howtoapply?Asanewpeermentor,sendawrittenapplicationthroughthenewmentorapplicationbutton.Asacurrentpeermentorapplyingforthispositionagain,sendawrittenapplicationthroughthereturningmentorapplicationbutton.Onceyou’veapplied,we’llbeintouchtoletyouknowtheoutcomeofyourapplication.ImportantDatesMentorapplicationsopen9January2023Mentorapplicationsclose10February2023ProgramstartsApril202331.WhatdoapplicantsgainfromEducationPeerMentoring?A.Theycangainrichlifeexperience.B.Theycanhavepriorityaccesstovariedjobs.C.Theycanbecomeseniorcommunityteamleaders.D.Theycannetworkwithotherlike-mindedstudentleaders,32.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto.A.beintheirfirstyearofstudyoraboveB.haveadesiretocommunicateandhelpotherstudentsC.finishupto20hoursvolunteeringthroughouttheprogramD.shareuniversityexperiencewithpeoplefromthesamebackground33.Whatshouldapplicantsdotogettheposition?A.ContacttheschoolforapplicationresultsB.Sendwrittenapplicationsafterprogramstarts.C.Preparewrittenapplicationstoapplyfortheprogram.D.Handinapplicationsonlythroughthenewmentorapplicationbutton.【答案】31.D32.C33.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Monash大学推出的友伴同行导师招聘活动的有关事宜，包括招聘条件、申请方式以及参加活动的益处等信息。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据“WhatarethebenefitsofEducationPeerMentoring?”下第四个分点语句“MeetandnetworkwithseniorMonashstaffandlike-mindedstudentleaders.(在这里你可以与莫纳什大学的高级职员和志同道合的学生领袖会面并建立社交网)”可知，友伴同行导师可以让申请人与其他志同道合的学生领袖建立联系，。故选D项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据“Whataretherequirements?”下第四个分点语句“Youshouldbeabletocommitatleast20hoursvolunteeringthroughouttheprograminonesemester.(你需要在一个学期的活动持续时间内完成至少20个小时的志愿服务)”可知，申请人需要在活动期间完成至少20个小时的志愿服务任务。故选C项。33题详解】推理判断题。根据“Howtoapply?”下第一个分点语句“Asanewpeermentor,sendawrittenapplicationthroughthenewmentorapplicationbutton.(作为新同行导师，通过新导师应用程序按钮发送书面申请)”和第二个分点语句“Asacurrentpeermentorapplyingforthispositionagain,sendawrittenapplicationthroughthereturningmentorapplicationbutton.(作为当前的同行导师再次申请该职位，请通过回归导师申请按钮发送书面申请)”可推知，无论你是第一次申请同行导师还是以现任同行导师的身份再次申请，都需要准备好书面申请材料。故选C项。BTheshiftfromadolescence(青春期)toadulthoodcanbehardandoftenfilledwithhardshipandlessonslearned,especiallyforyoungpeopleexperiencinghomelessness.Frankie,ayoungwomanwhofeelsluckytohavehadthecaringsupportfromherdadFrankie’sdadraisedher,andtheywereveryclose.Whenhesuddenlypassedawaytwoyearsago,Frankiedidn’tknowhowshewouldsurvive.Withnofamilyorrelativestotakeherin,shefellintoadepression.Shebouncedfromhometohome,losingtrustshe’devergainstability.OneFridayafternoon,Frankiesatataparkbenchoutsideofschool.Asshewasworryingaboutwhereshewasgoingtolive,shesuddenlyrememberedsomethingherdadwouldtellherwhenshewaslittle.“Don’tevergiveup,”saidFrankie.“Ifdadwerehere,hewouldtellmethat.”ThosewordsencouragedhertoseekhelpfromNoel,aYouthCarecasemanager,whohelpedherfindaccommodationatCatalyst,oneofYouthCare’scommunitylivingprograms,YouthCareprovidedapathbacktostability.Frankiewasthankfultohavearoutine:dishwashingsafterdinner,weeklygamenights,andcheck-inswithamentalhealthdoctoreveryThursday.AtCatalyst,Frankiereceivedconsistentsupportandfoundadditionalresourcesforhermentalhealthcare.OutsideofherThursdayappointments,sheparticipatedinweeklyhomeworkassignmentsfocusedonwell-beingandgoal-settingforthefuture.NoelshowedgreatsurpriseatFrankie’spositivechangeswitheachpassingday.SheearnedherGED,anditwasn’tlongbeforeshebegansearchingforherfirstjob.WiththehelpofNoel,Frankieappliedforahandfulofpositionsinhealthorfitness.Frankiejumpedwithexcitementwhenshereceivedaninterviewcallforafrontdeskpositionatalocalgym!Dressedingreen,herdad’sfavoritecolor,Frankieenteredherinterviewwithconfidence.NoelsmiledveryhappilywhenFrankiereceivedasecondcalllaterthatdaywithnewsthatshegotthejob.ToomanyyoungpeoplecometoYouthCarewiththeirownstory.Eachofthemdeservesapathbacktostabilityastablehome,consistentsupport,andaccesstotreatmentservicesnecessarytobecomewell.LikeFrankie,theycanimaginenewpossibilitiesandchangethecourseoftheirownstorythroughencouragementandtreatment.34.WhatwasthemaincauseforFrankie’sdepression?A.Herdesiretogetajob. B.Herfearofhomelessness.C.Herlessonsofadolescence. D.Herinabilitytodealwithrelatives.35.HowdidYouthCareinfluenceFrankie?A.Sherealizedthevalueoffamilyaffection.B.Shehadastablelifetoachieveherpotential.C.Shelearnedtheimportanceofinterviewconfidence.DShebuiltuphercouragetobeamentalhealthdoctor.36.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Frankie’sJobHuntinginFitnessB.TheFriendshipbetweenFrankieandNoelC.FindingtheSupportNeededtoMoveForwardD.LookingforReliableRelativestotheHomeless【答案】34.B35.B36.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过写Frankie在YouthCare的经历，讲述了我们要学会找到前进所需的支持。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Withnofamilyorrelativestotakeherin,shefellintoadepression.(由于没有家人或亲戚收留她，她得了抑郁症)”可知，Frankie对无家可归的恐惧是她抑郁的主要原因。故选B项。【35题详解】细节理解题，根据第五段中“YouthCareprovidedapathbacktostability.Frankiewasthankfultohavearoutine:dishwashingsafterdinner,weeklygamenights,andcheck-inswithamentalhealthdoctoreveryThursday.AtCatalyst,Frankiereceivedconsistentsupportandfoundadditionalresourcesforhermentalhealthcare.OutsideofherThursdayappointments,sheparticipatedinweeklyhomeworkassignmentsfocusedonwell-beingandgoal-settingforthefuture.(YouthCare提供了一条回归稳定的道路。Frankie很感激自己有一个常规：晚饭后洗碗，每周比赛之夜，每周四去心理健康医生那里检查。在Catalyst，Frankie得到了持续的支持，并为她的心理健康护理找到了额外的资源。除了周四的约会之外，她还参加了每周的家庭作业，重点是幸福感和未来的目标设定)”可知，YouthCare帮助Frankie拥有了稳定的生活，实现她的潜力。故选B项。【36题详解】主旨大意题。结合全文和最后一段“Eachofthemdeservesapathbacktostabilityastablehome,consistentsupport,andaccesstotreatmentservicesnecessarytobecomewell.(他们每个人都应该有一条回归稳定的道路，一个稳定的家，始终如一的支持，以及获得康复所需的治疗服务)”可知，文章通过写Frankie在YouthCare的经历，讲述了我们要学会找到前进所需的支持。由此可知，FindingtheSupportNeededtoMoveForward(找到前进所需的支持)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C项。CDogsgreetotherdogs’nosesfirst,sniffing(嗅)eachotherfromheadtotail.Peoplearenotsoopenabouttheprocessofsniffing,butsmellisimportantinhumanrelations,too.Thereisalsoevidencethathumanscaninferrelationshipandemotionalstatesandevendiscoverdiseasethroughsmell.Now,InbalRavreby,KobiSnitzandNoamSobeloftheWeizmannInstituteofSciencehavegoneastepfurther.AstheyreportinScienceAdvances,thethreeresearchersstartedtheirfirstexperimentbytestingthesmellsof20pairsoffamiliarandsame-sexfriends.Theyemployedanelectronicnose(e-nose)andtwogroupsofhuman“smellers”.Thee-noseusedasetofgassensorstoassessT-shirtswornbyparticipants.Onegroupofhumansmellersweregivenpairsoftheseshirtsandaskedtoratehowsimilartheysmelt.ThoseintheothergroupwereaskedtoratethesmellsofindividualT-shirtsonfivedimensions(维度):pleasantness,intensity,attractiveness,competenceandwarmth.Bothapproachesproducedthesameresult.TheT-shirtsoffriendssmeltmoresimilartoeachotherthandidtheT-shirtsofstrangers.Doesfriendshipcausesimilarityofsmell,ordoessimilarityofsmellcausefriendship?Thethreeresearchersinvestigatedwhethertherewerepositiveinteractionsbetweenstrangersbyusingthee-nosemeasurement.Theycollectedthesmellsofanother17volunteerswithe-nose,andthenaskedtheparticipantstoplayamirroringgame.Thatgameinvolvedsilentlymirroringanotherindividual’shandmovements,Participantswerepairedupbychanceandtheirreactionswererecorded.Aftereachinteraction,theydemonstratedhowclosetheyfelttotheirfellowgamerbyoverlappingtwocircles(onerepresentingthemselves,theothertheirpartner).Themoresimilarthetwoelectronicsmellsignatureswere,thegreatertheoverlap.Participantsalsoratedthequalityoftheirinteractioninthegamealong12dimensionsoffeelingsthatdefinefriendship,Similarsmellswereconsistentwithpositiveratingsfornineofthesedimensions.However,twoparticipantssmellingalikedidnotmeantheywereanymoreaccurateatthemirroringgamethanothers.Whysmellmightplayaroleinformingfriendshipsremainsobscure.Otherqualitiesrelatedtobeingfriends,includingage,appearance,andeducation,areeitherimmediatelyobviousorrapidlybecomeso.Butwhilesomeindividualshavestrongbodysmell,manydonot.Itispresent.Butitissubliminal(潜意识的).DrRavrebyguessesthattheremaybe“anevolutionaryadvantageinhavingfriendsthataregeneticallysimilartous”.Bodysmellisknowntobelinkedwithgeneticmake-up.Smellingsimilartoothersmaythusallowsubliminalinferencesaboutgeneticsimilaritytobedrawn.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstexperiment?A.Friendssmelllikeoneanother.B.Friendstendtosniffeachother.C.Thesmellcanbejudgedonfivedimensions.D.TheT-shirtsoffriendssmellthesametoeachother.38.Themirroringgameisdesignedto.A.enrichthedimensionsthatdefinefriendshipB.provestrangerssmellmorealikeafterpositiveinteractionsC.testwhetherstrangerscandevelopfriendshipintheprocessD.exploretherelationshipbetweensimilarityofsmellandfriendship39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obscure”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Unacceptable. B.Unchanged. C.Unclear. D.Unrealistic.40.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Bodysmellshaveeffectsongeneticmake-upB.Peoplewhohavesimilarsmellsmayhavesimilargenes.C.Bodysmellsbecomesimilarafterpeoplebecomingfriends.D.Twoparticipantssmellingalikeperformedbetterinthegamethanothers.【答案】37.A38.D39.C40.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是气味可能在友谊的形成中起作用。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Bothapproachesproducedthesameresult.TheT-shirtsoffriendssmeltmoresimilartoeachotherthandidtheT-shirtsofstrangers.(这两种方法产生了相同的结果。朋友们的T恤闻起来比陌生人的T恤更相似。)”可知，我们能从第一个实验中了解到朋友之间的气味很像。故选A。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Doesfriendshipcausesimilarityofsmell,ordoessimilarityofsmellcausefriendship?Thethreeresearchersinvestigatedwhethertherewerepositiveinteractionsbetweenstrangersbyusingthee-nosemeasurement.Theycollectedthesmellsofanother17volunteerswithe-nose,andthenaskedtheparticipantstoplayamirroringgame.(是友谊造就了相似的气味，还是相似的气味造就了友谊?三位研究人员通过电子鼻测量来调查陌生人之间是否有积极的互动。他们收集了另外17名有电子鼻的志愿者的气味，然后让他们玩一个镜像游戏。)”可知，镜像游戏是为了探索气味的相似性和友谊之间的关系。故选D。【39题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Otherqualitiesrelatedtobeingfriends,includingage,appearance,andeducation,areeitherimmediatelyobviousorrapidlybecomeso.(与成为朋友有关的其他品质，包括年龄、外貌和教育程度，不是马上就能看出来，就是很快就能看出来。)”可知，划线词所在的句子的意思是“为什么气味可能在建立友谊中发挥作用仍然是一个谜”，也就是为什么气味可能在建立友谊中发挥作用是不清楚的，obscure的意思是“不清楚的”，和unclear意思相近，故选C。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“DrRavrebyguessesthattheremaybe“anevolutionaryadvantageinhavingfriendsthataregeneticallysimilartous”.Bodysmellisknowntobelinkedwithgeneticmake-up.Smellingsimilartoothersmaythusallowsubliminalinferencesaboutgeneticsimilaritytobedrawn.(Ravreby博士猜测，“拥有基因相似的朋友可能是一种进化优势”。众所周知，体味与基因构成有关。因此，与其他人的气味相似可能会让人们对基因相似性做出下意识的推断。)”可知，我们能从这篇文章中推断出气味相似的人可能有相似的基因。故选B。DIhaveafriendwhobirdwatches.Shefeelscomfortablewhenevershe’sdoingit.Ifyouaskherwhyshelikesit,shewillsaythingslike“Well,birdsaretheworld’smostmagicalcreatures.”Ihaveanotherfriendwhoknits.Shelikesitbecauseit’ssatisfying,andhasanastonishinglyimpressiveimpactonpeopleforwhombeingabletoknitglovesisoutofreach.Asaterm,“hobby”hasalwaysbeenofarguablemeaning.Asksomeonewhattheythinkahobbyis,andyou’llgetadictionarydefinitionthattheywillhavejustlookedupontheirphonesand,then,apassionatespeechonalloftheactivitiesthatcanundernocircumstancesbeputintogroupsashobbiesbytheirownhighlyuniqueandinflexiblestandards.Beingonlineisnotahobby,apparently,norislisteningtomusic.Hardlyanyoneknowswhatahobbyis,andthisisparticularlythecasenowthatsomanyofusarespendingourleisuretimeonlinearguingaboutthesesortsofbasicdefinitionswithpeople,asthewriterMaxReadputitinanessay,“towhomtheworldhasbeencreatedagaineverymorning,forwhomeverysettledargumentofmodernitymustberewritten,butthistimewiththeirengagement.”Eventakingthesedifficultiesintoaccount,however,itseemsobviousthatbirdwatchingandknittingareclassichobbies.Theyareenjoyable,involvepracticeandrewardeffort,andtheyaregivenimmediateaccesstoagroupwiththesameinterests.Theyarethesortsofhobbiesadvicecolumnists(专栏作家)haveinmindwhenpeoplewriteinabouttheirimbalancedlives.It’sinteresting,then,thatnotoneofmytwoclearlyhobby-havingfriendswouldadmittothepractice.Theyworriedthattheirhobbies,whichgivethempleasureandkeepthemfarfromtheircomputers,madethemseemliketheyhadtoomuchleisuretimeandtooLewinnerresourcesthatwouldenablethemtonaturallyavoidboredom.Theyarefullypaid-upmembersofsociety,withbusylives,fulfillinginterpersonalrelationshipsand,again,hobbiesthatmakethemhappy.It’sjustthathobbieshaveanundeservedlybadreputation,onemadeworsebytheInternet,likeeverythingelse.Thebirdwatchersaidtheproblemwithhavingahobbywasthatitmadepeopleseemliketheywerecontributingandlearningnothing.Theknittersaidthatshepersonallyconnectedhobbieswithhavingnofriendsandnoideaofwhatnormalpeopledotohavefun,Actually,theydonotwanttobeseenasmadpeoplewhointentionallygetawayfromthecorrectcourse.Well,Ienjoycertainlightoperas.Iplaymusicformyownamusement.Andyes,Iamanordinarystudent,andthatisnotasignofmadness.41.TheauthormentionstwofriendswithdifferenthobbiesinParagraph1mainlyto.A.explainthedefinitionof“hobby”B.attractthereaders’attentiontohobbiesC.stresstheimportanceofhavingahobbyD.comparetwodifferenttypesofhobbies42.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyquotingMaxReadinParagraph3?A.“Hobby”asatermcanonlybedefinedwithouttheInternet.B.Peopleonlinediscussthedefinitionof“hobby”tochangelives.C.Peoplecreateanewworldbyexpressingtheirideasofhobbiesonline.D.Itishardforonlinepeopletoreachanagreementonthedefinitionof“hobby”.43.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetwofriends’concernsabouttheirhobbies?A.Theyareafraidofbeingseenascrazypeople.B.Theyfeartheirhobbiesarenotimpressiveenough.C.Theyfinditnecessarytosharehobbiestobalancetheirlives.D.Theyrefusetosharetheirfeelingsabouttheirhobbieswithmadpeople.44.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Hobbiesaregreatforpeople’smentalhealth.B.Differentpeoplehavetheirownstandardsofhobbies.C.Itisreasonableandnormalforpeopletohavehobbies.D.Peoplewhosufferfrommadnesscanalsohavehobbies.【答案】41.B42.D43.A44.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。一直以来，对于“爱好”的定义众说纷纭，并无定论。作者认为只要是能自娱自乐，哪怕拥有一些小众另类的爱好，也是正常合理的。【41题详解】目的意图题。根据第二段“Asaterm,“hobby”hasalwaysbeenofarguablemeaning.(一直以来，爱好都是一个颇具争议的话题)”可知，作者于第一段中讲述了喜欢编织和赏鸟的两位朋友的生活故事，以此引起读者对“爱好”这个话题的关注，故选B项。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Hardlyanyoneknowswhatahobbyis,andthisisparticularlythecasenowthatsomanyofusarespendingourleisuretimeonlinearguingaboutthesesortsofbasicdefinitionswithpeople,(几乎没人知道爱好是什么，尤其是现在我们很多人都把闲暇时间花在网上和别人争论这些基本的定义上)”可知，MaxRead的引言表明在网络上人们对爱好的基本定义看法不一，争论不断，故选D项。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Actually,theydonotwanttobeseenasmadpeoplewhointentionallygetawayfromthecorrectcourse.(事实上，他们不想被看作是刻意偏离正确路线的疯子)”可知，这两位朋友不愿将自己私下的爱好为旁人所知，是因为他们害怕被视为不走寻常路的异类或疯子，故选A项。【44题详解】段落意图题。根据最后一段“Well,Ienjoycertainlightoperas.Iplaymusicformyownamusement.Andyes,Iamanordinarystudent,andthatisnotasignofmadness.(嗯，我喜欢一些轻歌剧。我演奏音乐是为了自娱自乐。是的，我是一个普通的学生，这并不是发疯的表现)”可知，作者认为拥有一些爱好，自娱自乐，怡情养性，是再正常合理不过的事情了，故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inprinciple,itsoundssimple:eatlessandmovemore.____45____Yet,despiteallthecaloriecounting,dietingandexercising,worldwideobesity(肥胖)ratesjustkeepspeedingup.PeopleintheUSwereheavierin2021thantheywerein2020,placingmanymorepeopleatriskfromseriousdiseases.Sowhyhasn’tthisapproachtoweightcontrolworked?Onepossibilityisthatwehaven’ttriedhardenough.____46____O