高中语法被动语态

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载高中语法：被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish．（主动语态）Englishisspokenbymanypeople．（被动语态）1．被动语态的构成被动语态的结构形式1.基本结构:A.结构:“be+”2.时态1.Theroom(clean)everyday.2.Anewshop(build)lastyear.3.Mybike(repair)byTomnow.4.Hesaidthattheman(operate)atthistime.5.Thisbook(translateinto)manylanguages.6.WhenIgottothetheater,Ifoundthetickets.(alreadysellout)7.Manymoretrees(plant)nextyear.归纳：一般式进行式完成式现在am/are/isdone过去将来//2．主动语态改被动语态的方法1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如：Hegavetheboyanapple．→Theboywasgivenanapple．（或Anapplewasgiventotheboy．）Herfatherboughtherapresent．→Shewasboughtapresentbyherfather．（或Apresentwasboughtforherbyherfather．）3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：Theywatchedthechildrensingthatmorning．→Thechildrenwerewatchedtosingthatmorning．含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如：Peoplebelievethatheisill．→Itisbelievedthatheisill．（或：Heisbelievedtobeill．）Itwasreportedthatthescientistsweresearchingfornewwaystosolvetheproblems.据报道科学家正在寻求解决这些问题的新途径。常见的句型结构如下：Itis（was）agreed（believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）......Itis（was）wellknownthat......众所周知Itis（was）takenforgrantedthat......被视为当然Itmustberememberedthat......务必记住......Itmustn’tbeforgottenthat......千万别忘记......Itis（was）said（reported，heard，told，suggested）that......据说（报道、听说、告知、建议......3．不能用于被动语态的情况某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well，easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell，write，wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如：Hisnewnovelissellingwell．他的新小说很畅销。Theclothwasheswell．这布很耐洗。Thismaterialwon'twear．这种材料不耐穿。Hisplaywon'tact．他的戏剧不会上演。Thewindowwon'tshut．这窗关不上。Thedoorwon'topen．这门打不开。Thedoorwon'tlock．这门锁不上。Thispoemreadswell．这首诗读来很好。4．某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义1）在need，want，require，deserve和bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如：Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。Myclothesneedwashing（tobewashed）．我的衣服需要洗了。2）形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。如：Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）这本画册很值得一读。SuchamanasMr．Smithisnotworthhelping．（＝SuchamanasMr．Smithisnotworthytobehelped．）像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。Thisplanisnotworthconsidering．（＝Thisplanisnotworthytobeconsidered．）这个计划不值得考虑。被动语态专项练习一一、选择题()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;build D.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappened B.washappened C.ishappened D.happened()3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown B.aregrown C.grows D.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisited B.willbevisited C.hasbeenvisited D.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.gives()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplanted B.willplant C.havebeenplanted D.planted()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoing B.arebeingdone C.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.Neitherofthem______inChina.A.ismade B.aremade C.weremade D.made()9.Thedoctor_____foryet.A.isn'tsent B.hasn'tbeensent C.won'tbesent D.wasn'tsent()10.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;use B.as;used C.is;used D.are;used()11.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knows B.knew C.isknown D.wasknown()12.I____insummer.A.born B.wasborn C.havebeenborn D.amborn()13.HesaysthatMr.Zhang_____tothefactorynextweek.A.issent B.wouldsend C.wassent D.willbesent()14.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.tojump()15.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.puts B.canbeput C.canbeputted D.canput二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays. Thework_______________intwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou. Silk__________inSuzhou.3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong. AnEnglishsong___________bythechildren.4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.It______________byyounow.5.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.Metal________formakingmachines.6.Hemademedothatforhim.I________________thatforhim.7.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?____abridge____herebythemayearago?8.We'llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.AnEnglishplay_____________oninourschool.9.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.Hiswatch____________bymybrother.10.Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.Theflowersmust______(byus)everyday.11.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives______forcuttingthings.12.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday?____thewindow__________yesterday?13.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.Thelightgreendresses_____________out.14.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroom________everyday.三、用动词的正确语态填空。1.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.2.Thatplay________(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.3.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.5.What___aknife______(make)of?6.APianoconcert_____________(give)herelastFriday.7.______themagazine____(cantake)outofthelibrary?8.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.9.Thestars_____________(cansee)inthedaytime.10.Someflowers__________(water)byLiMingalready.11.Thesekindsofmachines__________(make)inJapan.12.Russian____________(learn)asthesecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.13.Thecinema___________(build)in1985.14.Thebike______________(mustnotput)here.15.Abeautifulhorse___________(draw)byJohnnextday.16.Thiskindofmachine___________(canmade)byuncleWang.17.ThePLA____________(found)onAugust1st,1927.18.Bythetimehewasten,theboy________(learn)EnglishandFrench.19.______you____(see)thefilmyet?Yes,I_______(see)itlastweek.20.UncleWang____________(live)heresince198021.Listen!Someone_________(sing).22.Tom________(nothave)breakfastyesterdaymorning.句型11：被动语态11.世界上许多国家都讲英语。______________________________________________2.我们这所学校是十年前建的。______________________________________________3.昨天开了一次会。几位老师由于工作努力受到表扬。______________________________________________4.我们学校禁止使用手机。______________________________________________句型12：被动语态21.这个实验将在两周内完成。______________________________________________2.会议将在下周一九点举行。______________________________________________3.北京将要种植更多树修建更多公路。______________________________________________句型13：被动语态31.我的自行车正在被修。______________________________________________2.你打电话时，客人正被领着参观我们学校。______________________________________________3.这些问题正被一些专家讨论着。______________________________________________句型14：被动语态41.所有脏衣服都已经洗过了。______________________________________________2.那位官员说，空气和水都被污染了。_____________________________________________3.长江上已经修了很多桥。_____________________________________________4.我们的寝室还没打扫过。_____________________________________________句型15：被动语态51.这把锁可以立刻修好。_____________________________________________2.必须采取措施来制止河流污染。_____________________________________________Answers:一、选择题1-5 BDCCC6-10CBABC11-15CBDDB二、填空：1.canbefinished2.isproduced3.willbesung4.needn’tbedone5.isused6.wasmadetodo7.wasbuilt8.willbeput9.isoftenmended10.bewatered11.areused12.was…brokenbyhim13.havebeen…sold14.iscleaned三、填空：1.are;told2.willbeput3.mustbesent4.aresold5.is;madeof6.wasgiven7.can;betaken8.iscleaned9.canbeseen10.havebeenwatered11.aremade12.islearnt13.wasbuilt14.mustnotbeput15.willbedrawn16.canbemade17.wasfounded18.hadlearnt19.Have;seensaw20.haslived21.issinging22.didn’thave11答案：1.Englishisspokeninm