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(图片大小可自由调整)2024年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试近5年真题集锦(频考类试题)带答案第I卷一.参考题库(共100题)1.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample,ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian,withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknownasm().2.Thesentencestructureis().A、onlylinearB、onlyhierarchicalC、complexD、bothlinearandhierarchical3.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessbilabialstop?()A、[p]B、[b]C、[m]D、[t]4.Inordertoacquireasecondlanguage,learnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknowaslanguaget().5.Oncethenotionof()wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A、meaningB、contextC、formD、content6.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze()meaning.A、phonemeB、wordC、phraseD、sentence7.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,is()phonetics.A、auditoryB、acousticC、articulatoryD、noneoftheabovethree8.maximsofqualityandmanner9.Accordingtothewaysantonymsdiffer,howmanygroupscanweclassifyantonymsinto?10.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are().A、gradableoppositesB、relationaloppositesC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms11.phonicmediumoflanguage12.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.13.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas().A、unusualB、somethingtobefearedC、abnormalD、natural14.namingtheoryandconceptualistview15.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroupandpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,(),andkinterm.A、title+firstnameB、title+titleC、titlealoneD、firstname+lastname+title16.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,only()ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.A、kiblB、bkilC、ilkbD、ilbk17.()dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.A、LinguisticgeographyB、LexicologyC、LexicographyD、Sociolinguistics18.Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaningare().A、synonymsB、hyponymsC、antonymsD、homophones19.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage,theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.20.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc()antonyms.21.Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.22.Drawalabeledconstituentstructuretreediagramforeachofthefollowingsentences: 1)Thestudentlikesthenewlinguisticsprofessor. 2)JohnsuggestedMarytakethelinguisticsclass.23.Whatisthedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance?24.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.25.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.26.Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.27.Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.28.Thebrain’sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI(),whichisspecifictohumanbeings.29.hierarchicalstructure30.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageis().A、rootB、affixC、stemD、morpheme31.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized,thatofanu()isconcreteandcontext-dependent.32.Reference33.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe().A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic34.Ac()sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintheother.35.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld,wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asacharacteristicofsocieties,b()inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages.36.Componentialanalysisisbasedonthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcannotbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeature.37.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar().A、JacobGrimmB、RasmusRaskC、FranzBoppD、SirWilliamJones38.sociolect39.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas“subvocalspeech,”andspeechas“()”.A、vocalthoughtB、subvocalthoughtC、covertthoughtD、overtthought40.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences. (1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible. (2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent. (3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment41.“Itisraininghard”isaone-placepredicationsentence.42.()referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.A、LinguistictabooB、EuphemismC、AddresstermD、Slang43.Clear[1]anddark[ƚ]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeinc()distribution.44.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?45.Whattheelement‘-es’indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement‘-ed’pasttense,and‘-ing’progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso().A、phonemesB、morphemesC、allophonesD、phones46.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.47.Languageisarbitraryinthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsand().A、wordsB、soundsC、objectsD、ideas48.()morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.A、FreeB、BoundC、RootD、Affix49.Itisthe()onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.A、CaseConditionB、parameterC、AdjacentConditionD、AdjacentParameter50.Morphologyistranslatedas形态学。51.Consonantsoundscanbeeither()or(),whileallvowelsoundsare().52.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare’splay“RomeoandJuliet”:“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”wellillustrates().A、theconventionalnatureoflanguageB、thecreativenatureoflanguageC、theuniversalityoflanguageD、thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication53.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.54.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning()isconsidered.A、referenceB、speech
actC、contextD、practicalusage55.inflectionalmorphemesn56.OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolated,doconversationalimplicaturesarise.57.ThemostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein()andvocabulary.A、usageB、grammarC、pronunciationD、structure58.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas().A、+animate,+male,+human,-adultB、+animate,+male,+human,+adultC、+animate,-male,+human,-adultD、+animate,-male,+human,+adult59.Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.60.Theterm()linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A、synchronicB、diachronicC、comparativeD、historicalcomparative61.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.62.InEnglish,“pill”and“bill”are().A、aphonemiccontrastB、complementarydistributionC、assimilationD、aminimalpair63.Therelationshipbetweentheembeddedclauseanditsmatrixclauseisoneofaparttothewhole.64.Morphology65.Whatarethesenserelationsbetweensentences?66.Senseisconcernedwiththe()meaningofthelinguisticform.A、contextualB、realC、behavioristD、inherent67.registers68.subvocalspeech69.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas().A、+animate,+male,+human,+adultB、+animate,+male,+human,-adultC、+animate,-male,+human,-adultD、+animate,-male,+human,+adult70.protolanguage71.Alinguafranca72.Describetheprocessoflanguageperception,comprehensionandproduction.73.acculturation74.Whatisidiolect?75.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture”,and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.76.Hyponymsofthesame()areco-hyponyms.A、wordB、lexicalitemC、superordinateD、hyponym77.GivethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsinEnglish. [k];[z];[w];[u:];[i]78.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.79.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are().A、gradableantonymsB、converseantonymsC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms80.Inthecourseoftime,thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesofs()studies,suchassociologyandpsychology.81.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.82.Asentenceisa()concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.A、pragmaticB、grammaticalC、mentalD、conceptual83.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis().A、arbitraryB、non-arbitraryC、logicalD、non-productive84.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersof().85.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist,justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.86.WhydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelementsSupportyourstatementwithexamples?87.locutionaryact88.InEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i:/,thelarynxisinastateoftension.89.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.90.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled().A、commisivesB、directivesC、expressivesD、declaratives91.Linguistics92.Utteranceisbasedon();itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.93.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”,and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.94.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.95.Theword“modernizers”iscomposedof()morphemes.A、3B、4C、5D、696.ethnicdialect97.Lyingundertheskull,thehumanbraincontainsanaverageofthetenbillionnervecellscalled().A、neuronsB、nervesystemC、nervesD、cerebralcortex98.Pragmatics99.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgiveeachaffixtwoexamples. re-;un-;anti-;super-;-wise;-itis;-ize;-age100.Speechcommunity第I卷参考答案一.参考题库1.参考答案:metathesis2.参考答案:D3.参考答案:A4.参考答案:transfer5.参考答案:B6.参考答案:D7.参考答案:C8.参考答案:Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalseorwithoutadequateevident;Avoidobscurityofexpressionandambiguity,bebriefandorderly.9.参考答案:Gradableantonymy;Complementaryantonymy;Converseantonymy.10.参考答案:B11.参考答案:Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthatareusedinhumanlanguagecommunication,i.e.thespeechsounds.Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.12.参考答案:正确13.参考答案:D14.参考答案:Thewordsofalanguagearelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor;alinguisticformislinkedthroughconceptstowhatitrefersto.15.参考答案:C16.参考答案:A17.参考答案:A18.参考答案:C19.参考答案:错误20.参考答案:complementary21.参考答案:正确22.参考答案: 1)Thestudentlikesthenewlinguisticsprofessor. 2)Johnsuggested(that)Marytakethelinguisticsclass.23.参考答案: CompetenceandperformancewasproposedbytheAmericanlinguistN.Chomskyinthelate1950’s.Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,andperformancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.24.参考答案:正确25.参考答案:错误26.参考答案:错误27.参考答案:错误28.参考答案:lateralization29.参考答案:Thesentencestructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoriesofeachstructuralconstituent,suchasNPandVP.30.参考答案:D31.参考答案:utterance32.参考答案:Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealphysicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.33.参考答案:C34.参考答案:complex35.参考答案:bilingualism36.参考答案:错误37.参考答案:D38.参考答案:Avarietyoflanguagesusedbyasocialclass.39.参考答案:D40.参考答案: (1)thehuntersareshooting;thehuntersareshot; (2)youngmenandyoungwomen;youngmenand(notyoung)women; (3)thepresidentappointsothers;thepresidentisappointed. 41.参考答案:错误42.参考答案:A43.参考答案:complementary44.参考答案:Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollowwhileparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules.Langueisabstract;itisnotthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,butparoleisconcrete;itreferstothenaturallyoccurringlanguageevents.Langueisrelativelystable.itdoesnotchangefrequently;whileparolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.45.参考答案:B46.参考答案:错误47.参考答案:B48.参考答案:B49.参考答案:C50.参考答案:正确51.参考答案:voiceless;voiced;voiced52.参考答案:A53.参考答案:错误54.参考答案:C55.参考答案: Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories,suchas-ed,-(e)s,-estinEnglish.56.参考答案:正确57.参考答案:C58.参考答案:B59.参考答案:错误60.参考答案:B61.参考答案:错误62.参考答案:D63.参考答案:正确64.参考答案:Morphologyisabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.65.参考答案: Senserelationsbetweensentences: 1)XissynonymouswithY. 2)XisinconsistentwithY. 3)XentailsY.(YisanentailmentofX.) 4)XpresupposesY.(YisaprerequisiteofX) 5)Xisacontradiction. 6)Xissemanticallyanomalous.66.参考答案:D67.参考答案:Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations,incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.Forthisreason,registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.68.参考答案:Thoughtwhenitisclosetolanguage.69.参考答案:A70.参考答案:Aprotolanguageistheoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.Theprotoformcanbereconstructedbyidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeaningsacrossrelatedlanguages.71.参考答案:Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefromdiverselinguisticbackgrounds.72.参考答案: Fromtheperspectiveofpsycholinguisticanalysis,languageuseintermsofperception,comprehensionandproductionfollowsacertainpatternwhichinvolvesthecoordinationofvariouslanguagecenters.Whenwespeak,wordsaredrawnfromWernicke’sareaandtransferredtoBroca’sarea,whichdeterminesthedetailsoftheirformandpronunciation.Theappropriateinstructionsarethensenttothemotorareawhichcontrolsthevocaltracttophysicallyarticulatethewords.Whenwehearsomethingandtrytocomprehendit,thestimulusfromtheauditorycortexistransmittedtoWernicke‘sarea,whereitistheninterpreted.Whenweperceiveavisualimage,amessageissenttotheangulargyrus,whereitisconvertedintoavisualpattern.73.参考答案:Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.74.参考答案: Whenanindividualspeaks,whatisactuallyproducedisauniquelanguagesystemofthespeaker,expressedwithintheoverallsystemofaparticularlanguage.Suchapersonaldialectisreferredtoasidiolect.75.参考答案:正确76.参考答案:C77.参考答案: [k]:voiceless,stop,velar [z]:voiced,alveolar,fricative [w]:bilabial,approximant [u:]:back,lax,rounded,high [i]:front,tense,unrounded,high78.参考答案:错误79.参考答案:B80.参考答案:social81.参考答案:错误82.参考答案:B83.参考答案:A84.参考答案:socialgroups85.参考答案:正确86.参考答案: Inadditiontorevealingalinearorder,aconstituentstructuretreehasahierarchicalstructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructuralco
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