2024年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试近5年真题集锦（频考类试题）带答案

（图片大小可自由调整）2024年高等教育教育类自考-00830现代语言学考试近5年真题集锦（频考类试题）带答案第I卷一.参考题库(共100题)1.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample，ModernEnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian，withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovementisknownasm（）.2.Thesentencestructureis（）.A、onlylinearB、onlyhierarchicalC、complexD、bothlinearandhierarchical3.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessbilabialstop?（）A、[p]B、[b]C、[m]D、[t]4.Inordertoacquireasecondlanguage，learnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknowaslanguaget（）.5.Oncethenotionof（）wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.A、meaningB、contextC、formD、content6.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze（）meaning.A、phonemeB、wordC、phraseD、sentence7.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,is（）phonetics.A、auditoryB、acousticC、articulatoryD、noneoftheabovethree8.maximsofqualityandmanner9.Accordingtothewaysantonymsdiffer,howmanygroupscanweclassifyantonymsinto?10.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are（）.A、gradableoppositesB、relationaloppositesC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms11.phonicmediumoflanguage12.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.13.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas（）.A、unusualB、somethingtobefearedC、abnormalD、natural14.namingtheoryandconceptualistview15.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroupandpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,（）,andkinterm.A、title+firstnameB、title+titleC、titlealoneD、firstname+lastname+title16.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations，only（）ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.A、kiblB、bkilC、ilkbD、ilbk17.（）dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.A、LinguisticgeographyB、LexicologyC、LexicographyD、Sociolinguistics18.Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaningare（）.A、synonymsB、hyponymsC、antonymsD、homophones19.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatarenotpartofthelanguage，theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparentsteachthem.20.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicofc（）antonyms.21.Ageneraldifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonologyisthatphoneticsisfocusedontheproductionofspeechsoundswhilephonologyismoreconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsdistinguishmeaning.22.Drawalabeledconstituentstructuretreediagramforeachofthefollowingsentences: 1)Thestudentlikesthenewlinguisticsprofessor. 2)JohnsuggestedMarytakethelinguisticsclass.23.Whatisthedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance?24.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment，heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.25.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.26.Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.27.Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.28.Thebrain’sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI（），whichisspecifictohumanbeings.29.hierarchicalstructure30.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageis（）.A、rootB、affixC、stemD、morpheme31.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized，thatofanu（）isconcreteandcontext-dependent.32.Reference33.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe（）.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic34.Ac（）sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses，oneofwhichisincorporatedintheother.35.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld，wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asacharacteristicofsocieties，b（）inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages.36.Componentialanalysisisbasedonthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcannotbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeature.37.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar（）.A、JacobGrimmB、RasmusRaskC、FranzBoppD、SirWilliamJones38.sociolect39.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother，wemayregardthoughtas“subvocalspeech，”andspeechas“（）”.A、vocalthoughtB、subvocalthoughtC、covertthoughtD、overtthought40.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences. (1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible. (2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent. (3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment41.“Itisraininghard”isaone-placepredicationsentence.42.（）referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.A、LinguistictabooB、EuphemismC、AddresstermD、Slang43.Clear[1]anddark[ƚ]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations，thustheyaresaidtobeinc（）distribution.44.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?45.Whattheelement‘-es’indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement‘-ed’pasttense,and‘-ing’progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso（）.A、phonemesB、morphemesC、allophonesD、phones46.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.47.Languageisarbitraryinthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsand（）.A、wordsB、soundsC、objectsD、ideas48.（）morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.A、FreeB、BoundC、RootD、Affix49.Itisthe（）onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.A、CaseConditionB、parameterC、AdjacentConditionD、AdjacentParameter50.Morphologyistranslatedas形态学。51.Consonantsoundscanbeeither（）or（）,whileallvowelsoundsare（）.52.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare’splay“RomeoandJuliet”:“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”wellillustrates（）.A、theconventionalnatureoflanguageB、thecreativenatureoflanguageC、theuniversalityoflanguageD、thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication53.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.54.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning（）isconsidered.A、referenceB、speech

actC、contextD、practicalusage55.inflectionalmorphemesn56.OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolated,doconversationalimplicaturesarise.57.ThemostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein（）andvocabulary.A、usageB、grammarC、pronunciationD、structure58.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas（）.A、+animate，+male，+human，-adultB、+animate，+male，+human，+adultC、+animate，-male，+human，-adultD、+animate，-male，+human，+adult59.Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.60.Theterm（）linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A、synchronicB、diachronicC、comparativeD、historicalcomparative61.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.62.InEnglish,“pill”and“bill”are（）.A、aphonemiccontrastB、complementarydistributionC、assimilationD、aminimalpair63.Therelationshipbetweentheembeddedclauseanditsmatrixclauseisoneofaparttothewhole.64.Morphology65.Whatarethesenserelationsbetweensentences?66.Senseisconcernedwiththe（）meaningofthelinguisticform.A、contextualB、realC、behavioristD、inherent67.registers68.subvocalspeech69.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas（）.A、+animate，+male，+human，+adultB、+animate，+male，+human，-adultC、+animate，-male，+human，-adultD、+animate，-male，+human，+adult70.protolanguage71.Alinguafranca72.Describetheprocessoflanguageperception，comprehensionandproduction.73.acculturation74.Whatisidiolect?75.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture”,and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.76.Hyponymsofthesame（）areco-hyponyms.A、wordB、lexicalitemC、superordinateD、hyponym77.GivethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsinEnglish. [k];[z];[w];[u:];[i]78.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.79.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are（）.A、gradableantonymsB、converseantonymsC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms80.Inthecourseoftime，thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesofs（）studies，suchassociologyandpsychology.81.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.82.Asentenceisa（）concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.A、pragmaticB、grammaticalC、mentalD、conceptual83.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis（）.A、arbitraryB、non-arbitraryC、logicalD、non-productive84.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersof（）.85.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist，justasitisnotobscene;butitcanconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.86.WhydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelementsSupportyourstatementwithexamples?87.locutionaryact88.InEnglish，longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i：/，thelarynxisinastateoftension.89.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.90.AccordingtoSearle，thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled（）.A、commisivesB、directivesC、expressivesD、declaratives91.Linguistics92.Utteranceisbasedon（）;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.93.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”，and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.94.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.95.Theword“modernizers”iscomposedof（）morphemes.A、3B、4C、5D、696.ethnicdialect97.Lyingundertheskull,thehumanbraincontainsanaverageofthetenbillionnervecellscalled（）.A、neuronsB、nervesystemC、nervesD、cerebralcortex98.Pragmatics99.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgiveeachaffixtwoexamples. re-;un-;anti-;super-;-wise;-itis;-ize;-age100.Speechcommunity第I卷参考答案一.参考题库1.参考答案：metathesis2.参考答案：D3.参考答案：A4.参考答案：transfer5.参考答案：B6.参考答案：D7.参考答案：C8.参考答案：Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalseorwithoutadequateevident;Avoidobscurityofexpressionandambiguity,bebriefandorderly.9.参考答案：Gradableantonymy;Complementaryantonymy;Converseantonymy.10.参考答案：B11.参考答案：Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthatareusedinhumanlanguagecommunication，i.e.thespeechsounds.Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.12.参考答案：正确13.参考答案：D14.参考答案：Thewordsofalanguagearelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor;alinguisticformislinkedthroughconceptstowhatitrefersto.15.参考答案：C16.参考答案：A17.参考答案：A18.参考答案：C19.参考答案：错误20.参考答案：complementary21.参考答案：正确22.参考答案： 1)Thestudentlikesthenewlinguisticsprofessor. 2)Johnsuggested(that)Marytakethelinguisticsclass.23.参考答案： CompetenceandperformancewasproposedbytheAmericanlinguistN.Chomskyinthelate1950’s.Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,andperformancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.24.参考答案：正确25.参考答案：错误26.参考答案：错误27.参考答案：错误28.参考答案：lateralization29.参考答案：Thesentencestructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoriesofeachstructuralconstituent,suchasNPandVP.30.参考答案：D31.参考答案：utterance32.参考答案：Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealphysicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.33.参考答案：C34.参考答案：complex35.参考答案：bilingualism36.参考答案：错误37.参考答案：D38.参考答案：Avarietyoflanguagesusedbyasocialclass.39.参考答案：D40.参考答案： (1)thehuntersareshooting;thehuntersareshot; (2)youngmenandyoungwomen;youngmenand(notyoung)women; (3)thepresidentappointsothers;thepresidentisappointed. 41.参考答案：错误42.参考答案：A43.参考答案：complementary44.参考答案：Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollowwhileparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules.Langueisabstract;itisnotthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,butparoleisconcrete;itreferstothenaturallyoccurringlanguageevents.Langueisrelativelystable.itdoesnotchangefrequently;whileparolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.45.参考答案：B46.参考答案：错误47.参考答案：B48.参考答案：B49.参考答案：C50.参考答案：正确51.参考答案：voiceless；voiced；voiced52.参考答案：A53.参考答案：错误54.参考答案：C55.参考答案： Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories，suchas-ed，-(e)s，-estinEnglish.56.参考答案：正确57.参考答案：C58.参考答案：B59.参考答案：错误60.参考答案：B61.参考答案：错误62.参考答案：D63.参考答案：正确64.参考答案：Morphologyisabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.65.参考答案： Senserelationsbetweensentences: 1)XissynonymouswithY. 2)XisinconsistentwithY. 3)XentailsY.(YisanentailmentofX.) 4)XpresupposesY.(YisaprerequisiteofX) 5)Xisacontradiction. 6)Xissemanticallyanomalous.66.参考答案：D67.参考答案：Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations，incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.Forthisreason，registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.68.参考答案：Thoughtwhenitisclosetolanguage.69.参考答案：A70.参考答案：Aprotolanguageistheoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.Theprotoformcanbereconstructedbyidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeaningsacrossrelatedlanguages.71.参考答案：Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefromdiverselinguisticbackgrounds.72.参考答案： Fromtheperspectiveofpsycholinguisticanalysis,languageuseintermsofperception,comprehensionandproductionfollowsacertainpatternwhichinvolvesthecoordinationofvariouslanguagecenters.Whenwespeak,wordsaredrawnfromWernicke’sareaandtransferredtoBroca’sarea,whichdeterminesthedetailsoftheirformandpronunciation.Theappropriateinstructionsarethensenttothemotorareawhichcontrolsthevocaltracttophysicallyarticulatethewords.Whenwehearsomethingandtrytocomprehendit,thestimulusfromtheauditorycortexistransmittedtoWernicke‘sarea,whereitistheninterpreted.Whenweperceiveavisualimage,amessageissenttotheangulargyrus,whereitisconvertedintoavisualpattern.73.参考答案：Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.74.参考答案： Whenanindividualspeaks,whatisactuallyproducedisauniquelanguagesystemofthespeaker,expressedwithintheoverallsystemofaparticularlanguage.Suchapersonaldialectisreferredtoasidiolect.75.参考答案：正确76.参考答案：C77.参考答案： [k]：voiceless，stop，velar [z]：voiced，alveolar，fricative [w]：bilabial，approximant [u：]：back，lax，rounded，high [i]：front，tense，unrounded，high78.参考答案：错误79.参考答案：B80.参考答案：social81.参考答案：错误82.参考答案：B83.参考答案：A84.参考答案：socialgroups85.参考答案：正确86.参考答案： Inadditiontorevealingalinearorder,aconstituentstructuretreehasahierarchicalstructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructuralco