高考英语语法复习教案-非谓语动词

非谓语动词考纲新研读1.非谓语动词的形式(以动词do为例)

动词不定式动词的-ing形式动词过去分词一般式tododoingdone一般被动式tobedone beingdone

完成式tohavedone havingdone

完成被动式tohavebeendonehavingbeendone

进行式tobedoing

完成进行式tohavebeendoing

2.非谓语动词在句子中的作用

主语宾语表语定语状语补语动词不定式√√√√√√动词的-ing形式√√√√√√动词过去分词√√√√√√3.非谓语动词的用法动词不定式(1)用作主语：Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.(2)用作宾语：Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Doyouthinkitnecessarytogothere?(3)用作表语：Allshewoulddowastogohome.(4)用作宾补：Iwarnedtheboynottobelateagain.Hesawherleavethehouse.Shewasseentoleavethehouse.Heoftenhelpsme(to)learnEnglish.Withnoonetohelphim,hecan’tdoit.Withsomanyproblemstosettle,themanagercan’tleaveforholidays.【注意】用于不带to的不定式作宾补的的动词有：feel,hear,see,notice,observe,watch,listento,lookat,have,make,let等。但变为被动语态时需要带to。例如：Inoticedherentertheoffice.Weheardhimsingeveryday.Santa’sfathermadeherpromisethatshewouldn’twritetomeorsendmeanyword.(5)用作定语：Ihavenothingtowrite(towriteon/towritewith).Iwasthefirsttocometoschool.Wehavenotimetothinkaboutrest.(6)用作状语：常表示原因、结果、条件、目的等。Hestoppedtotalktoanoldman.(目的)Irushedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainalreadygone.(结果)Hewashappytohearthenews.(原因)另外：inorderto;soasto引导目的状语，“为了,以便”;so...asto引导结果状语，“太……以致……”。(7)用在疑问词后面，如whattodo,构成不定式复合结构,相当于名词，作主语、宾语和表语。例如：Thequestioniswheretogetacomputer.(表语)Ireallydon’tknowwhattodo.(宾语)Howtogetridofthepollutionisstillaproblem.(主语)【注意】不定式也有一定的时态和语态；有否定式、完成式、进行式、被动式等和自己的逻辑主语：(1)被动形式：Heaskedtobesenttothefront.(2)进行式：Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(3)完成式：Heissaidtohavegoneabroad.(4)否定式：(to)前加not：Hepretendednottohaveseenme.(5)不定式的逻辑主语有两种情况(用forsb.或ofsb.)：It’shightimeforustoplanttrees.It’sverykindofyoutosayso.动词的过去分词(1)作定语及物动词的过去分词，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词，只表示完成。单个的分词作定语，放在它所修饰的词的前面;分词短语作定语，放在它所修饰的词的后面。例如：Abrokencupislyingonthefloor.Themeetingheldyesterdaywasveryimportant.(2)作表语：表状态，与句子主语是被动关系。例如：Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.(3)作状语动词的过去分词相当于副词，可以在句子中作状语，与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，两者往往是被动关系，即主语是过去分词动作的承受者。Seenfromspace,theearthlookslikeaball.ComparedwiththepeopleinIraq,wearemuchhappier.名词加过去分词，构成独立结构，用作状语。Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.(4)作宾补作宾语补足语的过去分词，大都来自及物动词。分词与宾语是被动关系。不及物动词的过去分词作宾补,与宾语是主动关系,表示动作已经发生。Isawthehousebrokeninto.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyradio.Iwillhaveitrepaired.Theemperororderedthecloth(tobe)wovenforhimatonce.Hecamein,withhishandstiedattheback.动词的-ing形式动词的-ing形式相当于名词、形容词、副词等,也保留了动词的某些特征。(1)作主语：Talkingiseasierthandoing.It’snousetalkingaboutit.(2)作宾语：Heisafraidofbeingscolded.Ifounditnousetalkingwithhim.有些动词后面只能接doing。如：admit,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,miss,mention,practice,risk,stop,suggest等。有些动词后面只能接todo。如：agree,decide,expect,hope,long(渴望),manage,plan,pretend,refuse,wish等。有些动词后面接doing和todo都可以，且意思差别细微，或看作没差别。如：begin,start,hate,like,love,continue,refer等；但另一类词差别很大。如：forget,remember,mean,try,regret等。还有goon;remindsb.ofdoingsth.(使人想起)和remindsb.todo(提醒)。另外，stopdoing停止干；stoptodo停下来去干某事，todo是目的状语。(3)作表语：Seeingisbelieving.Thestoryismoving/exciting/interesting.(4)作宾补：Isawthemcomingacrosstheroad.Theyhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.(5)作定语：Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(6)作状语：Beingill,shewenthome.Havingfinishedtheirhomework,theyhadarest.Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.【注意】1.动词-ing形式的逻辑主语有三种形式：(1)doing前加物主代词。如：mydoing；(2)doing前加名词所有格。如：Tom’sdoing；(3)作宾语时doing前可加人称代词宾格。如：medoing。例如:Mary’scominglatemadeMr.Smithangry.Shedidn’tmindhis(him)crying.2.否定式在其前面加not;完成式havingdone;被动式beingdone。例如:Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtohisteacherforhelp.Havingfinishedtheirhomework,theywatchedTV.Hehadhopedtotakehisseatwithoutbeingseen.3.独立结构：Weatherpermitting(Ifweatherpermits),we’llhaveasportsmeetnextweek.Weatherbeingsofine(Asweatherissofine),wehavedecidedtogoonanouting.Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.4.with复合结构：Theyslept,withthelightsburning.高考新剖析1.Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit_________.［20XX年高考湖南卷］A.reusing B.reusedC.reuses D.tobereused2.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,__________reduceunemploymentpressures.［20XX年高考江苏卷］A.help B.tohavehelpedC.tohelp D.havinghelpedDC3.Distinguishedguestsandfriends,welcometoourschool.__________theceremonyofthe50thAnniversarythismorningareouralumni(校友)fromhomeandabroad.［20XX年高考江苏卷］A.Attend B.ToattendC.Attending D.Havingattended4.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic__________smoothly.［20XX年高考全国卷Ⅱ］A.beingrun B.run C.torunD.running5.Nowthatwe’vediscussedourproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions_________？［20XX年高考全国卷Ⅰ］A.taking B.take C.taken D.totake6.Ifthere’salotofwork_________,I’mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.［20XX年高考上海卷］A.todo B.tobedoingC.done D.doingCDCA7.Ifeelgreatlyhonored__________intotheirsociety.［20XX年高考北京卷］A.towelcome B.welcomingC.tobewelcomed D.welcomed8.Somethingassimpleas__________somecoldwatermayclearyourmindandrelievepressure.［20XX年高考上海卷］A.todrink B.drinkingC.tobedrinking D.drunk9.Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle__________tobalanceit.［20XX年高考上海卷］A.havingtired B.tryingC.totry D.tried10.Ideally__________forBroadwaytheatresandFifthAvenue,theNewYork［20XX年高考上海卷］A.locating B.beinglocatedC.havingbeenlocated D.locatedCBBD11.Thechildrenallturned__________thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.［20XX年高考全国卷Ⅰ］A.lookedat B.tolookatC.tolookingat D.lookat12.__________,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.［20XX年高考辽宁卷］A.Beingawinner B.TobeawinnerC.Beawinner D.Havingbeenawinner13.__________inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.［20XX年高考福建卷］A.Waiting B.TowaitC.Havingwaited D.Tohavewaited14.—Canthose__________atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?—Noproblem.［20XX年高考福建卷］A.seat B.sit C.seated D.satBBCC15.Myparentshavealwaysmademe__________aboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.A.feelingwell B.feelinggoodC.feelwell D.feelgood精题新探究1.Whichdoyouenjoy__________yourholiday,goingabroadorstayingathome?A.spending B.tospendC.beingspent D.spend2.Thepilotfeltsomething__________wrongwiththeenginejustbeforetheplanetookoff.A.go B.wentC.wasgoing D.togo3.—Whydoyoulooksad?—Therearesomanyproblems__________.A.remainingtosettle B.remainedsettlingC.remainingtobesettled D.remainedtobesettledDBAC4.—Doyouknowwhytheypractise__________basketballeveryday?—Theypractise__________inthebasketballmatchofourschool.A.playing;tojoin B.playing;joiningC.toplay;tojoin D.toplay;joining5.Lily’smobilephonewasleftinataxiaccidentally,never__________again.A.tofind B.tobefoundC.finding D.beingfound6.—Wedidn’tfindtheBlacks_________thelecture.—Noonehadtoldthemabout__________alecturethefollowingday.A.toattend;theretobe B.attending;therebeingC.attended;therebe D.attend;therewas7.Theinternationalagreement,__________encouragechildrennottosmokeandhelppeoplekickthehabit,wassignedonFebruary27.A.intendingto B.beingintendedtoC.intendedto D.tointendtoABBC8.__________twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.A.Beingexamined B.ExaminedC.Examining D.Havingbeenexamined9.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif