2025版高考英语一轮复习第2部分人与社会主题群4科学与技术主题语境1社会进步与人类文明教师用书教案

PAGE主题群四科学与技术主题语境(一)社会进步与人类文明阅读理解A(2024·天津5月卷·D)Studyingasubjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou'restudyinghistory，askingyourselfthequestion“whyishistoryimportant”isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisanessentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest，orgetyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy，andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper，moremeaningfulglimpse(一瞥)intoourancestralpasts，andhowwegottowherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging，whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen­mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.Historyenrichesourexperience.Readinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeago.Accordingtotheexperts，problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.Historymakesusmoreempathetic(具有共情实力的)．Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight(洞察力)intowhyourculturedoescertainthings，andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhateforothersisusuallycausedbyignorance(无知)．We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.Historycaninspireustolearnmore.What'sfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.It'salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofquestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.Studythe19thcenturyEngland，andyoumightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDickens'OliverTwist.LookupCharlesDickens，andyoumightlearnathingortwoaboutrealism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels，anddiscoverthehistoryofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhere，andthereissomethinginthereforabsolutelyanybody.Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon'thavetoliveinthepast，butwecandefinitelydobetterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningfullives.【语篇解读】本文是一篇争论文，探讨了历史的意义以及学习历史的重要性。1．Theunderlinedpart“wherewearetoday”inPara.2probablymeans________.A．theturningpointinourhistoryB．thepresentstateofournationC．thelocationofourhomelandD．thetotalareaofourcountryB[句意理解题。依据画线部分所在句“Historyisanimportant...learningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper，moremeaningfulglimpse(一瞥)intoourancestralpasts，andhowwegottowherewearetoday.”可知，作者意在表达学习祖国的历史可以让我们更深化、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，以及我们是如何到达现在的状态的，故“wherewearetoday”指的是我们国家现在的状态，故B项正确。]2．Accordingtotheexperts，whyishistoryusefulforpeopletohandlechallengesoflife?A．Theproblemsatpresentaresimilartothoseinthepast.B．Ancientpeoplelaideconomicfoundationsforpeopletoday.C．Thecurrentchallengesoflifewerepredictedbytheancestors.D．Peoplelivinglongtimeagoknewmoreabouthowtosolveproblems.A[细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Accordingtotheexperts，problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors，onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.”可知，现在的人们面对的问题与过去的人们面对的问题是相同的，故现在的人们可以借鉴古人解决问题的方法，故A项正确。]3．WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.4?A．Itisdifficulttogetridofculturalbarriers.B．Peoplearewillingtoacceptforeigncultures.C．Culturalconflictsinhistoryaredifficulttoignore.D．Historyhelpsusimproveourcross­culturalawareness.D[细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的“Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.”“Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.”可知，学习历史可以帮助我们了解其他的文化，提升我们的跨文化意识，故D项正确。]4．WiththeexampleinPara.5，thewriterintendstoshowthat________.A．CharlesDickenscontributesmuchtoBritishliteratureB．OliverTwistcansatisfyourcuriosityaboutromanticpoetsC．readingnovelsisawaytolearnaboutahistoricalperiodD．studyinghistorycanarousepeople'sinterestinotherfieldsD[推理推断题。依据第五段主题句“Historycaninspireustolearnmore.”以及所举例子的内容可知，当学习十九世纪的英国历史时，你可能会看到查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》。当查阅有关查尔斯·狄更斯的信息时，你可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西。或者你可能最终会把留意力从小说上移开，了解到浪漫主义诗人的历史。由此可推知，作者举例是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的爱好，故D项正确。]5．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoBuildCulturalIdentityB．WhyStudyingHistoryMattersC．KnowthePast，KnowthePresentD．History：aWaytoBroadenOne'sHorizonsB[标题推断题。依据第一段中的“Ifyou'restudyinghistory，askingyourselfthequestion‘whyishistoryimportant’isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisanessentialpartofhumancivilization.”可知，作者开篇提出“历史为何重要”的问题，之后从四个方面(其次至五段)来回答这一问题；最终一段中的“Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.”呼应主题，强调历史的价值不行被低估。综上所述，文章意在向读者说明学习历史为何重要，故B项作文章标题最佳。]B(2024·浙江7月卷·B)ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue，Washington，generallydon'tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow，especiallyatrushhour.At9：30am，thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9：33am，aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9：37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself，thetimingofthesignalschanges.Thatisbydesign.Bellevue，afast­growingcityjusteastofSeattle，usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS：intersection(十字路口)signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights，knownasadaptivesignals，haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.“Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed，”saysAlexStevanovic，aresearcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.ForallofBellevue'ssuccess，adaptivesignalsarenotacure­allforjammedroadways.KevinBalke，aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute，saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities，othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference.“It'snotgoingtofixeverything，butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities，”hesays.InBellevue，theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.Inthepast，therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic：justwidentheroads，saysMarkPoch，theBellevueTransportationDepartment'strafficengineeringmanager.Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheirstreetsrunsmarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了美国的一种可调整式的交通信号灯。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A．Increasedlengthofgreenlights.B．Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.C．Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.D．Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.C[代词指代题。依据文章第一段中的“Thetrafficsignals...By9：33am，aburstof...Lesstrafficat9：37am...changes”可以推知，that指代第一段中的多变的交通信号灯时间，故选C项。]7．WhatdoesKevinBalkesayaboutadaptivesignals?A．Theyworkbetteronbroadroads.B．Theyshouldbeusedinothercities.C．Theyhavegreatlyreducedtrafficontheroad.D．Theyarelesshelpfulincitiesseriouslyjammed.D[细微环节理解题。依据文章第四段中的“othersaresojammedthatonly...It'snotgoingtofixeverything，butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities”可知，KevinBalke认为可调整式的交通信号灯对小城市的交通改善是有用的，但对交通极度拥堵的城市而言，作用并不是特别大，故选D项。]8．WhatcanwelearnfromBellevue'ssuccess?A．Itisrewardingtotrynewthings.B．Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.C．Itpaystoputtheoryintopractice.D．Thesimplestwayisthebestway.A[推理推断题。依据文章最终一段中的“theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches”可推知，从Bellevue装可调整式交通信号灯一事上不难发觉，它的胜利在于主动尝试新事物，故选A项。]语法填空(2024·浙江7月卷)Sometimeafter10000BC，peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived1.________，throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson2.________couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild，andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson3.________huntingandgathering，sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefood4.________(need)．Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology5.________(change)lives.Byabout6000BC，people6.________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe7.________(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，8.________(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(浇灌)theirfields.Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then，with9.________riseofscience，changesbegan.Newmethods10.________(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.Inthelastcenturyorso，thesechangeshaveaccelerated.Newpowermachineryandartificialfertilizers(化肥)havenowtotallytransformedawayoflifethatstartedintheStoneAge.【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了人类农业技术的发展。1．in[考查介词。livein是固定词组，表示“在……地方生活”，故填in。]2．what[考查名词性从句的引导词。依据语法结构可知，what引导宾语从句，作on的宾语。由于该宾语从句中缺少主语，同时空处表示“……的事物”，故填what。]3．than[考查介词。依据上文的morefood可知，此处是more...than...结构，表示“比……多……”。]4．wasneeded[考查谓语动词的时态、语态。结合句意“诞生的孩子越多，须要的粮食就越多”可知，morefood与need构成被动关系，且文章的基本时态为一般过去时，故填wasneeded。]5．tochange[考查非谓语动词(不定式)。依据语境可知，“农业给了人们首次用技术的力气去变更生活的体验”，故接不定式作定语。]6．haddiscovered[考查动词的时态。依据时间状语Byabout6000BC可知，句子谓语动词用过去完成时，故填haddiscovered。]7．seasons[考查名词的单复数。依据常识和语境可知，人们起先依据季节更替来种植庄稼，故填seasons。]8．making[考查非谓语动词(现在分词)。结合and和上文的planting可知，此处应当填making与其并列。]9．the[考查冠词。依据空后的riseofscience可知，此处是名词的限定性修饰，语意表示“科学的兴起”，故填定冠词the，表示特指。]10．meant[考查动词的时态和语态。结合句意可知，Newmethods与mean是主谓关系，同时文章的基本时态为一般过去时，故填meant。]Ⅰ.写出所给单词的汉语意思1．horizonn．视野，眼界2．romanticadj.浪漫的3．absolutelyadv.当然；确定地4．underestimatev．低估5．ancientadj.古老的6．handlev．处理7．literaturen．文学8．timingn．计时9．popularityn．热度，流行10．beneficialadj.有益的11．switchn．&v.开关12．reactionn．反应13．managern．经理14．agriculturen．农业15．acceleratev．加速16．artificialadj.人工的Ⅱ.依据所给汉语写出英文单词1．dozenn.一打2．noveln.小说3．satisfyv．使满意4．trafficn．交通5．burstv．迸发，爆发6．gainv．获得，赢得7．demandv．要求8．huntv．打猎，找寻9．raisev．喂养，抚养Ⅲ.依据所给提示写出派生单词1．civilizev．使文明化→civilizationn．文明2．richadj.丰富的→enrichv．丰富3．ignorev．忽视→ignorancen．无知；忽视4．realismn．现实主义→realistn．现实主义者5．concludev．总结→conclusionn．结论6．contributev．贡献；撰稿→contributionn．贡献7．adjustv．调整，适应→adjustmentn．调整，适应8．reducev．削减→reductionn．削减Ⅳ.依据所给汉语写出惯用习语1．regardless_of尽管，不管2．catch_a_glimpse_of瞥见3．get_rid_of摆脱4．instead_of替代，而不是5．or_so大约[即时演练]单句语法填空1．IfIamluckyenoughtowintheelection，thefirstthingIwilldoistoenrich(rich)ourstudents'after­classactivities.2．Sheadmittedtoherselfshedidn'tknowhowto_handle_(handle)theproblem.3．Notonlyhasyourlectureleftadeepimpressiononusbutalsobroadenedourhorizons(horizon)．4．Teenagersclimbeddozens(dozen)offlightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh­risebuildings.5．Tomgained(gain)friendshipandexperiencefromthelocalresidents,whenheworkedwiththem.6．Tothesatisfaction(satisfy)oftheboss,hisproductscouldsatisfytheneedsofthecustomers.7．Mobilephonesmustbe_switched(switch)offinsidethecastleinconsiderationofothervisitors.8．Headvocatedbuildingmoreschoolsinsteadofshopsinthisareaatthemeetingheldyesterday.9．Ourclubisopentoeveryoneregardlessofage,sexoreducationalbackground.10．Onceyoupickupsomebadhabitsyoumayfindithardtogetridofthem.Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1．Studyinghistorycangiveusinsightintowhyourculturedoescertainthings，andhowthepasthaseq\a\vs4\al(shaped)eq\a\vs4\al(itintowhatweknownow.)塑造2．Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed.处理，解决3．Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.持续Ⅱ.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1．Historygroundsusinourroots.[译文]历史能让我们找到自己的根。2．Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.[译文]历史有可能打破那些界限，它让我们能洞察整个世界，否则我们对世界就会感觉特别生疏。Ⅲ.困难晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1．Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpseintoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.[分析]本句是and连接的并列句，第一个分句是Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy简洁句，为主系表结构。其次个分句本身是复合句，主句是learningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper...。ourancestralpasts和howwegottowherewearetoday，都作介词into的宾语，wherewearetoday是介词to的宾语从句。[译文]历史是一个重要而好玩的探讨领域，学习祖国的历史可以让我们更深化、更有意义地了解祖辈的过去以及我们是如何走到今日这个地步的。2．Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen­mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.[分析]主句主谓部分是Manypeoplefeellike。theyneedasenseofculturalbelonging是宾语从句，whichissomething是定语从句修饰asenseofculturalbelonging,that也引导定语从句修饰something。[译文]许多人感觉他们须要一种文化归属感，这种归属感是探讨自己的文化根源，对自己的文化发展持开明看法可供应的。3．KevinBalke,aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference.[分析]主句主语是KevinBalke,谓语says，第一个that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中又包含了while引导的状语从句以及so...that...句型。在这个so...that句型中，that从句中的主语是asharpreduction，谓语部分是willmakeameaningfuldifference。[译文]凯文·贝尔克是德州A&M交通学院的探讨工程师，他说尽管智能交通灯对一些城市尤其有益，但另外一些城市交通拥堵严峻，只有大幅削减道路上的汽车数量才能真正起作用。1．scarev．使胆怯 n．惊恐(1)scareaway/off吓跑givesb.ascare吓了某人一跳(2)scaryadj.胆怯 的(3)scaredadj.感到惊惶的bescaredtotrynewthings胆怯 尝试新东西bescaredofheights恐高bescaredofgoingoutalone不敢一个人外出scarethecataway把猫吓跑了bescaredtodeath吓死[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Itwasascarystoryandchildrenwerescaredaftertheyheardit.(scare)②AfterIheardtheterrifyingnews,nothingcouldhavestoppedmefromfeelingscared(scare)todeath.[实力提升]——一句多译她不喜爱骑马，因为她怕被马踢。①Shedidn'tlikeriding，becauseshewasscaredto_be_kickedbythehorse.(不定式)②Shedidn'tlikeriding，becauseshewasscaredof_being_kickedbythehorse.(动名词)2.handlen．把手v．处理；驾驶；拿(1)flyoffthehandle大发雷霆(2)getahandleonsth.起先驾驭某事turnadoorhandle转动门把手handlewithcare当心轻放learntohandlestress学会应对压力[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Notknowingwhatwaswrongwithhiscar，Martindecidedtoaskanexperiencedmanto_handle(handle)theproblem.②(2024·浙江卷)However,whenshehungup,sheregrettedthewayshehad_handled(handle)thecall.[实力提升]——一句多译由于这里无人知道机器故障出在哪里，我们必需找个工程师解决这个问题。①Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,wemustsendforanengineerto_handle_the_problem.(handle)②Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,wemustsendforanengineerto_deal_with_the_problem.(deal)3．conditionn．条件，状况(1)outofcondition健康状况不佳/条件状况欠佳(2)onconditionthat假如；在……条件下；倘如onnocondition决不(3)under...conditions在……条件下(4)ingood/poorcondition状况很好(坏)；状况很好(坏)working/living/studyingconditions工作/生活/学习环境theeconomicconditionofthecountry该国的经济状况[基础练习]——单句语法填空①WhatIwantyoutorealizeisthateverybodyislikelytobeinpoorcondition.②Onnoconditionshouldyouloseheartwhenyouareintrouble.③Itismanyyoungpeople'sambitiontosetupbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions(condition)．[实力提升]——词汇升级一般表达：Theyagreedtolendusthecarifwereturneditbeforetheweekend.高级表达：Theyagreedtolendusthecaron_condition_thatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.4．benefitn．利益；好处vt.&vi.有益于；有助于；受益(1)benefitfrom/by从……中获益；得益于forthebenefitofsb.＝forone'sbenefit为了某人的利益(2)beneficialadj.有益的；有利的bebeneficialto...＝beofbenefitto...对……有益benefitalotfromthisactivity从这个活动中获益良多thebenefitsofmodernmedicine现代医学的裨益abenefitconcert慈善音乐会[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2024·北京卷)Thestudentsbenefiting(benefit)mostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengagedinacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege'schancesandresources.②Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.③Chinahasbeenpushingthereformofpublichospitalsforthebenefitofallitscitizens.④Walkingisextremelybeneficial(benefit)toyourbodyshape.[实力提升]——词汇升级/句式升级一般表达：Ithasbeentwoweekssinceyoucametoourschoolfortheexchangeprogram，anditisgoodtoallofus.①高级表达：Ithasbeentwoweekssinceyoucametoourschoolfortheexchangeprogram，anditisof_benefit_toallofus.②高级表达：Ithasbeentwoweekssinceyoucametoourschoolfortheexchangeprogram，which_is_of_benefit_to_all_of_us.(非限制性定语从句)5．raisev．举起；提出；抚养；饲养；筹集(1)raise是及物动词，词义较多，根义为“抬升”，基于所跟的对象不同，以及用于不同场景而具有不同的含义。(2)rise是不及物动词，表示“升起”；arise是不及物动词，表示“出现”；arouse是及物动词，表示“唤醒”。raisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection提升公众的环保意识raisedoubtsabout...引起对……的怀疑develop/raiseanawarenessof...培育/提高……的意识[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thepurpose,though,wouldbenotjustto_raise(raise)revenuebuttochangebehavior.②Notonlydoesexerciseimproveourhealthbutalsoitmakesuscheerfulandraises(raise)ourlearningefficiency.[实力提升]——句式升级一般表达：Hewasbroughtupinapoorfamily.Hefoundthateverythingintheoutsideworldarousedhiscuriosity.高级表达：Raised__in_a_poor_family,_hefoundthateverythingintheoutsideworldarousedhiscuriosity.(过去分词短语作状语)6．growv．生长；长大；种植；变得(1)用作及物动词，表示“种植”。(2)用作不及物动词，表示“长大，生长”。(3)用作系动词，表示“变得”，多跟形容词。(4)过去式grew，过去分词grown，名词形式growth“种植；生长”。slowlygrowaccustomedtothedark渐渐适应了黑暗growuptobeindependent长大成人独立生活thegrowingdemandsofsocialmedia社交媒体不断增长的需求[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Wecanfindusinanexcitingworldeveryday,withthesunshiningbrightly,treesgrowing(grow)greenlyandflowerscomingoutwithallkindsofcolors.②Chinahasthelargestirrigatedareaofthefarmlandintheworldandgrows(grow)morethanathirdofthecropsoftheworld.③Theydebatedwitheachotherabouttheenvironmentprotectionandeconomicgrowth(grow)．[实力提升]——一句多译众所周知，这个男孩长大后成了一个宏大的科学家。①Asisknowntoall,theboyhas_grown_up_to_be/has_grown_intoagreatscientist.(grow)②Asisknowntoall,theboyhas_becomeagreatscientist.(become)1．It'salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofquestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.在没有对相关概念提出许多问题时几乎不行能了解一个历史时期。[句型公式]本句是否定前缀词impossible和withoutdoing构成的双重否定句式，表达的是确定意义，意为“没有……不行；除……不行”。(1)用否定前缀表达否定意义，搭配without结构，构成双重否定。(2)用否定词表达否定意义，搭配without结构，构成双重否定。(3)还可以在否定句中搭配too，表示“再……也不为过”。[金句推送]Icouldn'thavegonethroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.没有你的慷慨帮助，我不行能熬过那段苦痛的日子。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Withoutpassion,peoplewon'thavethemotivationorthejoynecessaryforcreativethinking.②Fromthisexperience,Ilearnedthatbeingcarefulisveryimportantandthatwecan'tbetoocareful,especiallyinexaminations.[实力提升]——完成句子①你如何重视让孩子接受良好的教化都不为过。Youcan't_attach_too_great_importance_toyourchild'sreceivingagoodeducation.②动动脑筋你就会发觉世上无难事。Useyourheadandyouwillfindnothing_is_impossibleintheworld.2．Inthelastcenturyorso,thesechangeshaveaccelerated.在过去的大约一个世纪里，这些变更加快了。[句型公式]本句涉及现在完成时态的一类标记性时间状语“inthelast＋时间段”，表示“在过去的多少时间里”，和现在完成时搭配运用。(1)介词除了运用in，也可以运用during,for,over等。(2)thelast也可以用thepast替换(3)假如只用inthepast，则和过去时态搭配。[金句推送]Inthelastfewyears,Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.在过去几年里，中国在环境爱护上取得了宏大成就。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Theboy,likemanyotherEnglishlearners,has_met(meet)withmanydifficultiesinlearningEnglishduringthepastsevenyears.②(2024·江苏卷)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembershasgiventenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.[实力提升]——完成句子在过去几十年里，医疗技术的进步使得人们比过去活得更久。In/During/Over_the_last_decades，advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletolivelongerthaninthepast.夯基固本·学问落实Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空1．Youmustbecarefulwhenhandling(handle)chemicals.2．StudyinginChinacanhaveyourhorizonsbroadened(broaden)andgiveyouachancetoexperienceabundanttraditionalChineseculture.3．Formostpeople,it'salmostimpossible(possible)tooperateacomputerwithoutamouse,letalonesurftheInternet.4．Thelightninggavetheroomascary(scare)aspect.5．Whenyouleavetheroom,pleaseturnoffalltheswitches(switch)．Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词1．Whilemodellingbusinessisbynomeanstogetinto，thegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand.2．Inmyview,highschoolstudentsshouldhaveabalanceddietandeatmorefruitandvegetablesinsteadofjunkfood，whichcanbebeneficialtotheirhealth.3．Motherwasworriedaboutwhethershecouldadjusttolivinginthemountainousvillagealone.4．Hepulledinfrontofitasthewolfwascatchingupfast,justadozenyardsawaynow.5．ThemomenttheplayersoftheChinesewomenvolleyballteamturnedup,theaudienceburstintocheers.强技提能·学问应用Ⅰ.完形填空(2024·山东枣庄二模)WhenyouwalkthroughthedoorsofMortonOwens，whoisnow98，started1atthehospitalafterherhusbanddiednearly20yearsago.“Myhusbandwasa(n)2here，offandonforaboutsixweeksoverfouryears，”she3.“Everyoneatthehospitalhadbeensogoodtouswhenhewassick.”Toshowher4，Owenswantedtogivebackinabigway.“Idon'thaveseveralmilliondollars，butIcangivemy5，”shesaid.Owensisapproaching7,000hoursinvolunteertime.“Iusedtogivethreedaysaweek，”shesaid.“NowI'm6.SoIdon'tgetaroundasmuchasI7，soIonlygiveonedayaweek.”Togettoherweeklyfour­hour8，Owensreceivesaridefromavolunteerwhoshenowcallsherfriend.“Every9，Richardpicksmeupfrommyhomeandbringsmehere，”shesaid.“Idon'tbelievepeopleofmyageshouldbe10.”Inheryoungeryears，OwensusedtowalkupanddownthefashionrunwaysinNewYorkCityandRichmond，Virginia.Shealsohada(n)11tobeinthe1939filmclassicGonewiththeWind.Becauseshehadsomeotherworkatthetime，however，Owens12toturnitdown.“WhatIdidn'tdoinmylifeismore13thanwhatI'vedone，”shelaughs.14she'sinhergoldenyears，Owensplanstocontinuetoliveherlifewith15bygreetingeachpatientwithasmile.1．A.volunteering B．trainingC．working D．nursingA[依据下文中的“Owensisapproaching7,000hoursinvolunteertime.”可知，欧文斯在医院做志愿者(volunteering)。]2．A.doctor B．expertC．patient D．assistantC[依据空后的“Everyoneatthehospitalhadbeensogoodtouswhenhewassick.”可知，欧文斯的丈夫生病的时候，医院里的每个人对他们夫妇俩都很好，这说明欧文斯的丈夫曾是这家医院的患者(patient)。]3．Amented B．promisedC．responded D．explainedD[空后的“Everyoneatthehospitalhadbeensogoodtouswhenhewassick.”是欧文斯说明时说的话，所以填explained。]4．A.attitude B．appreciationC．sympathy D．responseB[空前一句说欧文斯的丈夫生病住院的时候，医院里的每个人对他们夫妇俩都很好，因此她要表达对医院的感谢(appreciation)。]5．A.hand B．loveC．smile D．timeD[依据上文中的“Owens，whoisnow98，started...atthehospitalafterherhusbanddiednearly20yearsago.”可知，现年98岁的欧文斯在丈夫差不多20年前去世后就起先在医院做志愿者。由此可知，此处是说她可以献出自己的时间(time)。]6．A.old B．strongC．sick D．luckyA[依据上文中“Owens，whoisnow98”可知，欧文斯现在已经98岁了，年纪已经特别大了(old)。]7．A.hadto B．hopedtoC．usedto D．oughttoC[依据上文中的“Iusedtogivethreedaysaweek”及空后的“soIonlygiveonedayaweek”可知，欧文斯以前一周有三天去做志愿者，现在一周只有一天去做志愿者，这说明她现在年纪太大，不能像以前(usedto)那样了。]8．A.stand B．rideC．turn D．shiftD[依据上文可知，欧文斯现在每周去医院做一次志愿服务，因此此处指“去医院上班(shift)”，故D项正确。]9．A.day B．MondayC．morning D．TuesdayD[依据上文中的“WhenyouwalkthroughthedoorsofMortonPlantHospitalonanearlyTuesdayafternoon，you'llbegreetedbythecomfortingvoiceofMaryEllenOwens.”可知，欧文斯每周二(Tuesday)去医院做志愿服务。]10．A.struggling B．drivingC．running D．changingB[依据上文中的“Togettoherweeklyfour­hour________，Owensreceivesaridefromavolunteerwhoshenowcallsherfriend.”可知，为了每周四小时的轮班，她请一名志愿者载她上下班，这说明她不认为像她这个年纪的人还能开车(driving)去上班。]11．A.part B．characterC．performance D．opportunityD[依据空后的“turnitdown”可知，欧文斯曾有机会(opportunity)出演1939年拍摄的经典电影《乱世佳人》，但她拒绝了。]12．A.decided B．hopedC．agreed D．happenedA[依据空前的“Becauseshehadsomeotherworkatthetime”可知，因为她当时还有其他一些工作，所以欧文斯确定(decided)拒绝出演《乱世佳人》。]13．A.difficult B．interestingC．well­paid D．challengingB[此处表示：没有做过的事比做过的事更好玩(interesting)。]14．A.Nowthat B．GuessingthatC．Supposingthat D．ExceptthatA[既然(nowthat)她现在还能干得动(身体状况还允许)，欧文斯仍准备接着怀揣着这样一个目的生活——微笑着问候每一位病人。]15．A.relief B．successC．purpose D．spiritC[依据空后的“bygreetingeachpatientwithasmile”可知，微笑着问候每一位病人是欧文斯生活中的一个目标(purpose)。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2024·南昌市重点中学段考)Intoday'sworldofmobilepayment，allwereallyneed1.________(survive)isasmartphone.Butonecompanyishopingtomaketraditionalwalletscoolagain，by2.________(bring)themintothedigitalage.ArmenianfirmVolterman'ssmartwallettakessecuritytoanewlevel.It'sfittedwithdifferenttechnology，suchas3.________alarm，aGPStracker，andevenacamera.Ifyoursmartphoneandwalletbecomeseparate，thealarmwillwarnyou4.________youdon'tleaveitbehind.Andifyourwallet5.________(lose)orstolen，theGPStrackercanhelpyoureachit.Even6.________(interesting)isthefront­facingcamera.“Ifsomeonedarestoopenyourwallet7.______permission，alittlecamerainside8.________(take)apictureandsendittoyourmobilephone.Youwillfindit9.________(easy)byreceivingapictureofthethief，”AzatTovmasyan，Volterman'sfounder，toldnewssiteBanks.am.Thehigh­techwalletwillbereleasedlaterthisyearandwillcomeinthree10.________(model)，withthecheapestexpectedtocost$179.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种即将上市的智能钱包。1．tosurvive[考查非谓语动词。needtodosth.为固定搭配，意为“须要做某事”。句意：在当今的移动支付世界，我们生存真正须要的是一部智能手机。]2．bringing[考查非谓语动词。依据空前的介词by可知，空处作该介词的宾语，故用动名词形式。句意：但有一家公司希望通过将传统钱包带入数字时代，让它们再次变酷。]3．an[考查冠词。依据该句中的“aGPStracker，andevenacamera”并结合语境可知，该处泛指“一个警报器”，且alarm的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。]4．so[考查连词。句意：假如你的智能手机和钱包分开了，警报器会提示你，这样你就不会遗忘它。依据空处前后的句意可知，空处前后表示因果关系，故用so引导该结果状语从句。]5．islost[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：假如你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到它。if引导的条件状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，故空处用一般现在时；依据语境可知，空处表示丢失的状态，故用islost。]6．moreinteresting[考查形容词的比较级。上文介绍了假如你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到的状况，结合该句中的“Even”可知，此处表示“更令人感爱好的是前置摄像头”。故该处用形容词的比较级。]7．without[考查介词。依据语境可知，假如有人胆敢在未经允许的状况下打开你的钱包，里面的一个小相机就会拍下照片并发送到你的智能手机上。withoutpermission意为“未经允许”，为固定用法。]8．willtake[考查时态。分析句子结构可知，该句为主从复合句，从句为if引导的条件状语从句，运用了一般现在时，故主句用一般将来时。句意：假如有人胆敢在未经允许的状况下打开你的钱包，里面的一个小相机就会拍下照片并发送到你的智能手机上。]9．easily[考查副词。空处修饰动词“find”，故用副词形式。]10．models[考查名词的单复数。model为可数名词，依据空前的数词“three”可知，该处用复数形式。句意：这种高科技钱包的三个模型将于今年晚些时候上市，预料最便宜的价格是179美元。]话题写作Step1.写作要点(依据汉语提示补全所给的英文句子)①我第一次读到关于张衡的文章，就被他感动了，他是中国古代一个宏大的天文学家和独创家。(定语从句)The_first_timeIreadaboutZhangHeng,who_was_a_great_astronomer_and_inventor_in_ancient_China，Iwastouched.②他一生致力于科学探讨和独创，包括闻名的地震仪。Duringhislifetime,hewas_devoted_toscientificresearchandinventions,includingthefamousseismograph.③事实上，他第一次介绍地震仪时被讪笑了。As_a_matter_of_fact，hegot