2023北京海淀区初三一模英语试题及参考答案

试题PAGE1试题2023北京海淀初三一模英语2023.04学校___________________姓名___________________准考证号____________________考生须知1.本试卷共8页,共两部分,38道题,满分60分。考试时间90分钟。2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、姓名和准考证号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上,选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束,请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。第一部分本部分共33题,共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。一、单项填空(每题0.5分,共6分)从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Myuncleisadoctor.Helikes________jobverymuch.A.my B.her C.his D.your2.Sixstudentsinourclasswillcelebratetheirbirthdays_________May.A.at B.on C.of D.in3.DavidisAmerican,_________hespeaksChineseverywell.A.for B.but C.so D.if4.—John,__________Ijoinyouinthevolunteerprogramafterschool?—Ofcourseyoucan.Shallwemeetatfivethisafternoon?A.can B.need C.must D.should5.Withthehelpofmyteacher,I’vebecomemuch__________atwritingthanbefore.A.good B.better C.best D.thebest6.—__________willyoustayinBeijingthistime?—Forthreemonths.A.Howmuch B.Howmany C.Howoften D.Howlong7.—Whatisyoursisterdoing,Jane?—She_________avideoonhowtomakeskylanterns.A.watches B.willwatch C.iswatching D.watched8.Lilyandherclassmates________onaschooltripyesterday.A.went B.willgo C.go D.havegone9.I_____________sixbookssincethebeginningofthisyear.A.read B.amreading C.willread D.haveread10.Ifthenumberofsharksdropstoolow,it___________dangertoalloceanlife.A.brings B.willbring C.hasbrought D.brought11.Today,teenagers__________tohelparoundintheirneighborhood.A.encourage B.encouraged C.areencouraged D.wereencouraged12.—Doyouknow______________?—Attheendofthestreet.A.whereIcanfindabookstore B.howIcanfindabookstoreC.wherecanIfindabookstore D.howcanIfindabookstore二、完形填空(每题1分,共8分)阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。Atafamilyreuniononeyear,Inoticedthatmy13-year-oldgranddaughterLaurenwasnotincludinghercousinEmilyinhersmallcircleofthreefriends.IpulledLaurenaside,andthoughtofgivingheralecture(训斥)onkindness.JustthenIremembereda__13__experiencewhenIwasaboutthesameageasLauren.Iwasleftoutingroupactivities,andIfeltterrible.Seeingthat,athoughtfulteacheraskedmetohandoutpapersoneday.Althoughtheteacher’skindactdidn’tmakemea__14__ofthegroupimmediately,itincreasedmyself-confidenceandcreatedchancesforcommunicationwithmyclassmates.So,insteadofgivingLaurenalecture,Ichangedmyway.“Wouldyouandtheothergirlsbewillingtomakecupcakesforeveryone?”Iasked.“Yes!”Lauren’sfacebrightened,butthen__15__.“Hmm…doesEmilyhavetohelp?”sheasked.Thiswasn’taquestionIwashopingfor.Itoldherfirmly(坚定地)thatEmilyneededtobe__16__.ThenItoldtheotherthreegirlsabouttheplan.Theywereveryhappywiththeidea,butLaurenwasn’t.Igaveeachofthemtasksformakingthecupcakes.Soon,allthefourgirls__17__themselvesinmeasuring(测量),mixing,andhigh-fivingoneanother.Icouldtelltheyhadagreattimethere.Whenthecupcakeswereready,thekitchenwasamess,soIgaveeachgirltheirownclean-upduties.Morehigh-fiving.Morefun.Soonafter,Iheard__18__inthelivingroomthatevening.InoticedLaurensittingonthefloorbehindEmily,brushingherhairwhileEmilywaslaughingatsomethingLaurenhadsaid.Obviously,myplanofinvolvingtheminanactivitydidthetrick.

Afterthefamilyreunion,ItoldLaurenhow__19__ofheritwastoincludeEmilyintheiractivities.Nowthefourgirlsareyoungadults.Theydon’tseeeachotheroften,buteachtimetheymeetup,theyneverfailtolaughaboutthemessykitchentheymadethattime.Thisbestprovesthathavingteensinvolvedismuchmore__20__thanjustlecturingwhenteachingthemhowtheyshouldbehave.13.A.secret B.funny C.common D.similar14.A.coach B.guest C.member D.speaker15.A.cleared B.relaxed C.clouded D.softened16.A.followed B.included C.judged D.tested17.A.busied B.trained C.bettered D.troubled18.A.shout B.laughter C.complaint D.argument19.A.patient B.polite C.brave D.kind20.A.effective B.popular C.surprising D.traditional三、阅读理解(每题2分,共26分)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。AHowtoPracticeCriticalThinkinginThreeStepsIttakestimetopracticecriticalthinking(批判性思维),butit’snevertoolatetostart.Thefollowingthreestepswillhelppeopletobecomecriticalthinkers.Step1:Criticalthinkersstartbyaskingquestions.Theyaskthemselves:Ifthis,thenwhat?Ifthat,thenhowwilltheresultbedifferent?Theymaythinkaboutallpossibleideasbeforetheymakedecisions.Step2:_________Criticalthinkerssearchforanswers.Theymakeuseofallpossibletoolsorinterviewpeopleforinformation.Thentheyanalyze(分析)theinformationwithanopenmind.Theycompareanddecidewhatthebestanswersare.Step3:_________Aftercriticalthinkersgetnewideastoworkoutproblems,theysharetheseideaswiththeirteammatesandgetsupportfromthem.Duringcommunicationwithothers,betterideasoftencomeup.Forquestions21-23,matcheachstepwiththechoices(A-D).Thereisoneyoudonotneed.21.Step1 A.ThinkofPlans22.Step2 B.LookforAnswers23.Step3 C.AskQuestionsD.ShareIdeasBSerenalookedupfromherphonewhensheheardaloud“POP”.Aflattire!“Thisismakingtheboringtripevenworse,“shethoughttoherself.“Nobigdeal!We’llcontinueouradventuresoon!”Herdadjumpedouttochangethetire.“Whatkindofadventureisthis?!We’redrivinginabrokencar,allthewaythroughSouthDakota,justtoseesomeoldpresidents’headsinahugerock!There’snothingfuninthat!”Serenathoughtandreturnedtoherphone.“What’ssointerestingonyourphone?”herbrotherTonyaskedCuriously.“Allysharedpicturesfromhervacation.She’sonarealadventureinAfrica!Look!Elephants!Hippos!Evenlions!”shesaid.“That’samazing!”Tonyagreed.“You’llhavetosharepicturesofourtrip.““YoumeanpicturesofDadchangingaflattireinthemiddleofnowhere?Whowouldwanttoseethat?”“Butthat’sthegreatthingaboutthiswholetrip!”Tonysaidexcitedly.“Wehavenoideawhat’sgoingtohappen,orwhatsurpriseswemighthave!We’reonatrueadventure.”Tonycontinued,“Ireadthatthere’sanamazingplaceouthere.Ifoundpicturesonline.Lookhowamazingtheyare!”SerenaputdownherphoneasTonyintroducedpicturesoftheancientanimalsandotherinterestingthingsabouthere.Shelookedoutofthewindow,wonderingwhentheycouldgetthere.Butthensheheldherbreath.Justontheothersideoftheroad,wasaherdofbison(一群野牛)walkingslowlythroughthegrasses.She’dneverseenanythinglikethemthisclosebefore!“Well,Ididn’texpectthat!Maybewe’regoingtohavearealadventureafterall,”saidSerenaasshequicklytookapicturethroughthewindow.“Exactly!Nowlookhowwonderfultheviewisatthemoment!”Tonysaid.“Andallbecausewegotaflattire.”24.HowdidSerenafeelaboutthetripatfirst?A.Bored. B.Worried. C.Interested. D.Surprised.25.WhydidTonyshowSerenathepicturesonline?A.Toshowtheirtripcanbeamazingtoo.B.Toaskhertocompetewithherfriends.C.Toprovehewasgoodattakingpictures.D.Toencouragehertostudyancientanimals.26.WhatdidSerenalearnfromthetrip?A.Theimportanceofhistory. B.Themeaningoffamilytoher.C.Thewaysofsolvingproblems. D.Thevalueoflivinginthemoment.CPeopleusedtoseelotsofplasticsontheseasurface.Nowinastudy,researchershavefoundthatthemicroplasticpollutionindeepwaterismuchmoreseriousthanthatontheseasurface.“Whatwe’veknownaboutmicroplastichasbeenfromtheseasurface,“saysKyleVanHoutan,“butthisstudysuggeststhere’salargeramountthat’sunnoticed.“Microplasticsaresmallpiecesthatbreakfromplasticbottlesorbagsastheychangetosimplerchemicalformsintheenvironment.Theyhavedifferentsizesandcanbefoundanywhere,includingintheoceans,lakes,soilandevenblowingintheairTostudymicroplasticpollutionindeepsea,Houtan’steamcollectedsamples(样本)intheseabyusingaROV(遥控潜水器).AstheROVwentdownfrom5to1,000metersbelowtheseasurface,aspecially-designedmachinefiltered(过滤)thesamplewaterandkeptthesmallparticles(微粒).Backinthelab,theteamusedaspecialmachinetofindoutthetypesofplasticpresent.Althoughtheresearchersfoundmicroplasticwaseverywhere,theamountoftheparticleswasnotevenlyspreadinthewater.Themidwater,180to460metersbelowthesurface,heldthehighestamountofmicroplasticpollution,aboutfourtimesasmuchasonthesurface.VanHoutanthinksthismaybebecausewhenplasticbreaksdownintoever-smallerpieces,theyarecoveredwithbiologicalmaterial,whichcausesthemtogodownintothedeep-seaareaTheirfindingsarebasedonlyonacertainarea,andiftheresultsholdforthewideroceanenvironment,theamountofplasticinthemidwaterwouldbeworrying,becausethisiskeylivingenvironmentformostseaanimals.Theseparticles,whichhaveharmfulchemicals,cangointothefoodwebsatboththeocean’ssurfaceandseafloor,andcaninfluencereproductionofseaanimals.Thefinaleffectremainsunknown,butwhatisforcertain,Houtansays,isthat“thisisaseriousproblem,anditshowshumanscanchangenaturalsystems.“Yetinotherways,“theresultsareencouraging,“hesays.Sincemostofthemicroplasticwastecomesfromsingle-useplastic,thismeanswecouldreducemicroplasticpollutionbycuttingdownontheproductionanduseoftheunnecessaryplasticproducts.27.Houtan’steamusedROVto____________________.A.filterthesamplewater B.collectsamplesintheseaC.examinethechemicals D.recordthedepthofwater28.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudymentionedinthepassage?A.Theseasurfaceisthemostseriouslypolluted.B.Deep-seaanimalswilldieoutinthenearfuture.C.Themidwaterholdsthemostmicroplasticparticles.D.Biologicalmaterialdestroysthefoodwebsindeepsea.29.Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toremindpeopletoreduceplasticwaste.B.Toexplaincausesofmicroplasticpollution.C.Tointroducechangesintheoceanecosystem.D.Toadvisepeopletorecyclesingle-useproducts.DMostofusprobablyhavetoldalieatonetimeoranother.Someliesareharmful.Somearemostlyharmless.Stillotherliesmayevenhecreatedwithkindness.Butwhateverkindoflieyoutell,ittakessurprisingbrainpowertopullitoff.Lyingalsocanhaveunwantedinfluences,too.Whenyoutellthetruth,youthinkofwhatyouwanttosayandjustsayit.However,lyingtakesmuchmorework—youhavetocomeupwithastoryandrememberit.Alotofthatworkisdoneinabrainareacalledtheprefrontalcortex(前额叶皮层).It’sresponsibleforworkingmemoryandexecutivefunction(执行功能)taskssuchasplanning,problem-solvingandself-control.Workingmemorykeepsthingsinmindjustforalittlewhileasyou’reusingthem.Executivefunctioncomesintoplaywhenyouuseself-controltokeepfromblurtingout(脱口而出)thefactsthatwoulduncoveryourlie.Ithelpsyourecallallthedetailsofalietomakesurethatitsoundsbelievable.Italsoletsyouthinkasteportwoaheadtomakesurethelieyou’retellingwilllikelyholduptoquestioning.Callingonyourexecutivefunctionthiswayusesupalotofbrainpower.Vendemia,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofSouthCarolina,didaresearchandhasfoundthatpeople’smentalworkloadwillbeheavierandtheirreactiontimelongerwhentheylie.Worsestill,whentheprefrontalcortexisbusywithtasksrelatedtolying,shenotes,ithasahardertimedoingothertaskssuchasmakingastudyplanorusingself-controltokeepfromspendingtoomuchtimeoncomputergames.Lyinghassocialinfluences,too.Eventhekindestliescansometimesberiskyandoftenbackfire.Whenyougivedishonestpraise,youmaymakeyourfriendsfeelgoodatfirst.Butifyoudoitoftenenough,they’llsoonlearnthattheycan’ttrustyourpraise.Peoplegenerallyvaluehonestyanddon’tlikeliars,soifyouareviewedasuntrustworthy,itcanbebadforyourrelationships.It’swidelyagreedthatnearlyallculturesvaluehonesty,andnowscienceisrevealing(揭示)howdishonestyinfluencesthebrainandyourabilitytobuildthetrustonwhichstrongrelationshipsdepend.So,evenwhenlyingdoesn’tstretchyournose,itstillcomesatapricethatyoucan’tafford.30.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout_________________.A.whyself-controlbenefitsthebrain B.whatsocialinfluenceslyingcanbringC.howthebrainworkswhenpeoplelie D.whenexecutivefunctioncomesintoplay31.Whatcanwelearnaboutlyingfromthepassage?A.Lyingimprovesworkingmemory.B.Coveringliestakesmuchbrainpower.C.Thenatureofliesisdecidedbythebrain.D.People’sreactioncanbespedupbylying.32.Theunderlinedword“backfire”inParagraph4probablymeans“______________”.A.leadtoseriousaccidents B.helptowinfullsupportC.buildupstrongrelationships D.havetheoppositeeffect33.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SignsofLyingB.CostsofLyingC.CausesofLiesD.TypesofLies第二部分本部分共5题,共20分。根据题目要求,完成相应任务。四、阅读表达(第34-36题每题2分,第37题4分,共10分)阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。DoctorsinBristolcansendpatientsonafreecoursefromthismonth,whichusesstand-upcomedytohelppatientswhoarefightingwithtrauma(创伤).Thecoursewaspioneeredbyacomedian,AngieBelcher.It’sbelievedthatcomedyisineveryoneofus,andweareallborncomedians.Everynightwecomehomefromworkandtellourfamilywhatourdayswerelike,butonthewayhomewe’llworkonthedetails,andtrytomakeourstoriesfunniertoamuseourfamilies.AccordingtoAngieBelcher,professionalcomedyeducationistogivepeoplethetoolstomakethestoriesbetter.Thecourseisacombinationofpsychology(心理学),comedyandstorytellinganditwilllastsixweeks.Infact,pasttraumasareperfectforcomedy.Comedydoesn’tcomefromthehappy,perfectmomentsofourlives,butfromoureverydaylifeevents.Peoplewho’vebeenthroughbiglifeexperiences,suchasthedeathofaclosefriendandpoorhealth,oftencan’twaittosharetheirstories,mostlybecausethere’salwayssomethingstrangelyfunnyaboutthesituation.Expertssaythatwecanacceptandhonorthecomedyofasituation,asmuchasthesadnessofit.It’sashortperiodofrestfromsomethingunpleasant.Angie,whohasamaster’sdegreeinpsychology,saysthecourseisforanyonewhoisreadytoexploretheirtraumathroughcomedy.Itcanbetakenbypeopleinrecoveryfrommentalhealthproblemsandpeoplewho’vehadtrauma.There’slotsofone-to-onehelpintheroomtoo.Thecomediansgivepeopleahandtowritetheircomedyandexploresomedarktimesfromtheirhistory.Whilethecoursecan’ttaketheplaceofmedicaltreatment,talkingaboutourtraumainafunnywayindeedhelps.Comedycanhelptobuildcommunity.Whenwebringourstoriesaliveforothers,itmakesotherpeoplefeellessalone.Havingourexperiencesmirroredbacktousishugelycomforting.34.Whopioneeredthefreecourse?35.Howlongwillthecourselast?36.Wheredoescomedycomefromaccordingtothepassage?37.YourfriendPeterisnowgoingthroughatrauma.Wouldyouliketoadvisehimtotakethecoursementionedinthepassage?Whyorwhynot?五、文段表达(10分)38.从下面两个题目中任选一题,根据中文和英文提示,完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。题目①假如你是李华,你校英语公众号将推出以“科技”为主题的系列推送。请你用英文给公众号留言,介绍一个你认为最实用的设备(device)或应用程序(app),并描述它给生活带来的便利。提示词语：technology,communicate,learn,convenient,time-saving提示问题：●Whatdeviceorappdoyouwanttointroduce?●Whatbenefitsdoesitbringtopeople?Technologyisnowbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinourlife.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________题目②积极求助是一种生活智慧。它能帮我们找到方向,带我们走出迷茫。某英文网站正在开展以“积极求助”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华,请用英文写一篇短文投稿,介绍你向他人求助的一次经历,以及你的收获。提示词语：problem,encourage,explain,improve,confidence提示问题：●Whatisyourstoryofaskingforhelp?●Whathaveyoulearnedfromit?Askingforhelpplaysanimportantroleinourlife.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案一、单项选择(每题0.5分，共6分)1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B6.D 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B11.C12.A二、完形填空(每题1分，共8分)13.D14.C15.C16.B17.A18.B.19.D20.A三、阅读理解(每题2分，共26分)21.C22.B23.D24.A25.A26.D27.B28.C29.A30.C31.B32.A33.B四、阅读表达(每题2分，共10分)34.Acomedian,AngieBelcher.35.Forsixweeks.36.Itcomesfromoureverydaylifeevents.37.Yes,Iwouldliketo.Becausethecoursecantalkingabouttraumainafunnywayhelps,andtroughthecourse,peoplecanfeelmorecomfortableandlessalone.五、文段表达参考范文题目①Technologyisnowbecomingmoreandmoreimportantin