新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题16：阅读理解各类文体体裁满分策略（原题版）

►专题16阅读理解各类文体体裁满分策略考点精考点精讲一、【应用文解法策略】审题口诀：应用文体较容易，快速浏览明大意。跳读内容重细节，亦可舍文先读题。相关内容细比对，信息吻合破无机。[方法1].先题后文法应用文体文章比较长，此时我们不必记住所有信息，可以先阅读题目，带着问题阅读，多注意细节，如时间、地点、人物或数据等，简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。尤其是广告文章的阅读一般采取跳读、略读等快速阅读法，快速浏览信息，搜索对比。对文中信息的快速处理能力是考查阅读理解能力的重要方面。【典例剖析】(Youmayreadthequestionsfirst.)HistoryFairCompetitionUnderstandinghistoryisvitaltounderstandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.Historyismuchmorethanthestudyofdustyoldobjectsandeventslongpast.Itisanessentialpartofwhowearetodayandwhowewillbecome.ThorntonMiddleSchoolHistoryFairCompetitionmakesunderstandinghistoryexciting,engaging,andfun！ThisYear’sThemeAllparticipantsmustaddresshowcommunicationortransportationtechnologyhaspromotedthequalityoflifeforAmericansthroughouthistory.Tomanypeople,technologymeanscomputers,hand-helddevices,orvehiclesthattraveltodistantplanets.However,technologyisalsotheapplicationofscientificknowledgetosolveaproblem,touchinglivesincountlessways.Individualsorgroupsmayenteroneofthefollowingcategories：·Performance·Documentary·EssayWritingCategoryRequirementsPerformance:Adramaticpresentationofthetopicnomorethan10minuteslong.Ifspecialclothesareused，theyshouldtrulyrepresentagivenperiod.Documentary:Avisualpresentation(suchasavideo，slideshow，orcomputerproject)nomorethan10minuteslong.Adesktopcomputer,screen,projector,andloudspeakerswillbeavailable.StudentsmustprovidetheirpresentationsonCDsbeforeFriday,March23.EssayWriting:Anacademicpaperof2,000to2,500words.Noillustrationsareallowed.Pleasedonotincludecovers.Alistofreferencesmustbeincluded.ImportantDatesJanuary5 Submitatopicproposaltoyourhistoryteacher.Theteachermayrequirea secondproposalifthefirstisoff-topicorunclear.February5 Submitafirstdraftofyouressay,performancescript,ordocumentary

highlights.February19 Acommitteeofteacherswillevaluatematerialsandgiveopinions.Studentsthenhaveanopportunitytoimprovetheirproducts.March9 Submitafinaldraftofyouressay.March15 PerformanceanddocumentarycommitteepreviewMarch24 ThorntonMiddleSchoolHistoryFairCompetition 7：00A.M.—9：00A.M. Participantssigninginatthegym 10：00A.M.—6：00P.M. Competitionandjudges’review 7：00P.M. Awardsceremony1. Whatisthethemeofthisyear’scompetition? A.Technologyadvancesscience. B.Scienceinteractswithtechnology. C.Sciencehasmadethestudyofhistoryeasy. D.TechnologyhasimprovedthelifeofAmericans.2. Whatwouldaparticipanthavetodowithanessayof1,500wordstomeetthecategory requirement? A.Includemoreinformationintheessay. B.Removethereferences. C.Provideacoverfortheessay. D.Explainthedetailswithillustrations.3. WhatwillthecommitteeofteachersdoonFebruary19? A.Previewperformancesanddocumentaries. B.Makecommentsonthematerials. C.Improvetheparticipant’sfirstdraft. D.Collectasecondproposalfromtheparticipant.[方法2].题干定位法应用文阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在试题中，常常是就某一点提问，以细节理解题为主，考生完全没有必要从头到尾全部仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用＂题干定位法＂，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效信息，再把原文和选项相比较。问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。【典例剖析】MonthlyTalksatLondonCanalMuseumOurmonthlytalksstartat19:30onthefirstThursdayofeachmonthexceptAugust.Admissionisatnormalchargesandyoudon’tneedtobook.Theyendaround21:00.November7thTheCanalPioneers,byChrisLewis.JamesBrindleyisrecognizedasoneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.Hewasalsoamajorplayerintrainingothersintheartofcanalplanningandbuilding.ChrisLewiswillexplainhowBrindleymadesuchapositivecontributiontotheeducationofthatgroupofearly“civilengineers”.December5thIcefortheMetropolis,byMalcolmTucker.Wellbeforethearrivaloffreezers,therewasademandforiceforfoodpreservationandcatering,Malcolmwillexplainthehistoryofimportingnaturaliceandthetechnologyofbuildingicewells,andhowLondon’sicetradegrew.February6thAnUpdateontheCotswordCanals,byLizPayne.TheStroudwaterCanalismovingtowardsreopening.TheThamesandSevernCanalwilltakealittlelonger.Wewillhaveareportonthepresentstateofplay.March6thEyotsandAits-ThamesIslands,byMirandaVickers.TheThameshasmanyislands.Mirandahasundertakenareviewofallofthem.Shewilltellusaboutthoseofgreatestinterest.Onlinebookings:.uk/bookMoreinfo:.uk/whatsonLondonCanalMuseum12-13NewWharfRoad,LondonNI9RT.ukwww.canalmuseum.mobiTel:020771308361.WhenisthetalkonJamesBrindley?A.February6th. B.March6th.C.November7th. D.December5th.2.WhatisthetopicofthetalkinFebruary?A.TheCanalPioneers.B.IcefortheMetropolisC.EyotsandAits-ThamesIslandsD.AnUpdateontheCotswordCanals3.WhowillgivethetalkontheislandsintheThames.A.MirandaVickers B.MalcolmTuckerC.ChrisLewis D.LizPayne[方法3].选项排除法排除法在应用文阅读中也应用得较多，即排除与文章内容不一致的错误信息，从而确定正确选项。应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。【典例剖析】RubbermaidCommercialStainless(不锈的)SteelOvenMonitoringThermometer(温度计)FGTHO550byRubbermaidCommercialProducts4.3outof5stars2,274customerreviewsPrice:$7.01Color:Metallic Madeofwearablestainlesssteel,thisoventhermometerisdesignedtoendurethetestofthetoughestprofessionalandhomekitchens.ThescalereadsinbothFahrenheitandCelsius,anditfeaturesclearlymarkedtemperaturedifferencestoaidaccuratereadings.Easytoinstall,thethermometercomesequippedwithaconvenienthanger,soitcanbesuspendedfromanovenrail.Itsself-standingdesignalsoallowsittostanduprightonabakingpanintheoven.Easy-to-RealDialThisoventhermometermeasureanddisplaystrueoventemperature,helpingtoensurepreciseresultwhenpreparingfood.DurableStainlessSteelDesignWithitsstainlesssteelconstructionandrock-resistantlens,thisthermometerwithstandstoughandrepeateduse.Andwithitslong10-yearwarranty,it’ssuretobecomeoneofyourkitchenmainstays.AboutmanufacturerRubbermaidCommercialProducts,headquarteredinWinchester,Va.,isamanufacturerofinnovative,solution-basedproductsforcommercialandinstitutionalmarketsworldwide.Since1968,RCPhaspioneeredtechnologiesandsystemsolutionsinthecategoriesoffoodprepservices,cleaningmaintenance,wastehandling,materialtransport,andsafetyproducts.ProductdetailsProductDimensions:6.1×4.5×1.5inches;1poundDomesticShipping:ItemcanbeshippedwithinU.S.InternationalShipping:ThisitemcanbeshippedtoselectedcountriesoutsideoftheU.S.LearnMoreAmazonBestSellersRank:#1inHome&Kitchen＞OvenThermometersSpecialoffersandproductpromotionsPaywithyourcreditoryourAGiftCard.Applynow.1.Whichofthefollowingfeaturesdoestheproductsenjoy?A.It’smadeofqualityplasticeasytobebent.B.ItisassistedwithelectronicdialreadingsystemC.Itcouldbepositionedwithintheovenintwodays.D.Itisresistanttoshakeandpressure.2.WhichdescriptionabouttheproductisTRUE?A.ItprovidesunconditionaldomesticandinternationalshippingB.ItsellsbestinOvenThermometerssectiononAmazon.C.Over3000customershavecommentedontheproduct.D.Itcouldbepaidforonlythroughcreditcard.3.WhichofthefollowingproductsisNOTlikelytobemanufacturedbyRubbermaidCommercialProducts?A.DesksidePlasticWastebasket.B.AirtightSnackContainerC.FullPanCarrierD.Over-earBassSoundStereoHeadphones二、【记叙文解法策略】[方法1]顺藤摸瓜记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W(what，who，when，where，why)要素。因此作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。【典例剖析】McCoywaslookingforasafeplacetododrugswhensomethingclearlyoutofplacecaughthiseye:aluxuriousbrownleatherhandbag.McCoy,36,couldrelatealltoowell.Oneofhisfewpossessions,thesleepingbagheusedinanabandonedhouse,hadrecentlybeenstolen.Rememberinghowangeredhe’dbeenbyhisownloss,heresolvedtoreturnthepursetoitsowner.Hebeganrightaway,startingwiththeaddressonthebillfoundinthehandbag.Aftertravelingmuchofthedayandfinallyapproachingtheaddressonthebill,hewasstoppedbyawoman,whoaskedwhethershecouldbuythepurse.McCoyrefused,sayinghewassearchingforitsowner.“ButIamtheowner,”thewomansaid.“That’smypurse.”WhatdroveMcCoytolookfortheownerofthehandbag?A.Theurgetofindabusinesspartner.B.Theresolutiontorecoverhissleepingbag.C.Hisownunfortunateexperience.D.Hisangeroverthepoorlivingcondition.[方法2]左顾右盼推理判断题在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。【典例剖析】Whenshewastenyearsold,IsadoraDuncandroppedoutofschooltoteachpeopledance.Ifthatjobwaslefttoanyotherten-year-old,itwouldhaveturnedoutfrustrating,difficult,andalittlediscouragingThereisanoldquotation“ifyoujudgeafishbyitsabilitytoclimbatree,itwillliveitswholelifebelievingthatitisstupid.”Anditcapturesanimportanttruth.Atschool,IsadoraDuncanwasafailure.Inthedancehall,shegaveformtobrilliance.Whatdoestheauthortrytotellthereadersinthelastparagraph?A.Itisuselessclimbingatreetocatchfish.B.Everybodyisageniusinhisownway.C.Miseriescomefromhumanstupidity.D.Teacherscanimpactstudentsgreatly.[方法3]刨根问底如前所述，主旨大意题或作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“Whatcanbeinferredfrom...？”或是“Whatdoestheauthorimplyin...？”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。【典例剖析】McCoywaslookingforasafeplacetododrugswhensomethingclearlyoutofplacecaughthiseye:aluxuriousbrownleatherhandbag.McCoy,36,couldrelatealltoowell.Oneofhisfewpossessions,thesleepingbagheusedinanabandonedhouse,hadrecentlybeenstolen.Rememberinghowangeredhe’dbeenbyhisownloss,heresolvedtoreturnthepursetoitsowner.Hebeganrightaway,startingwiththeaddressonthebillfoundinthehandbag.Aftertravelingmuchofthedayandfinallyapproachingtheaddressonthebill,hewasstoppedbyawoman,whoaskedwhethershecouldbuythepurse.McCoyrefused,sayinghewassearchingforitsowner.“ButIamtheowner,”thewomansaid.“That’smypurse.”Amonthearlier,KaitlynSmith,29,asalesrepresentativeforamedicaldevicecompany,hadwokenuptofindherapartmentbrokenintoandherpursestolen.Nowshecameacrossatall,messy-lookingmanholdingittightly.Shecouldinstantlytellhewasn’tingoodshape.AtSmith’surging,McCoytoldherhisstory.He’dbeeninchargeofalandscapingbusinessuntil2012,whenacaraccidentlefthimaddictedtodrugs.Smith,amazedthisstrangerhadgonetosuchgreatlengthstoreturnherbag,askedwhethertherewasanythingshecoulddotohelp.“I’madrugaddict,”McCoywarned.“Idon’twanttointrudeonyourlife;I’mprobablygonnaletyoudown.”Unafraid,Smithgavehimherphonenumber,saying,“Ifyouwanttogotorehab(戒毒所),callme.”Shethendrovehimbacktohisneighborhoodandleft,thinkingthatwouldbetheendofit.Twodayslater,shegotacall.SmithrealizedthatMcCoywasseriousaboutgettingbetter,soshedugintohersavingsaccountandboughtMcCoyaplanetickettoFlorida.Whilethere,hewouldcallhertoletherknowhowhewasdoing.“Weweregettingtoknoweachother,”Smithsays.“Hisscared,desperatevoiceturnedintoahealthy,livelyone.”After28daysatarehabprogramatJohnsHopkinsHospital,McCoyisdrug-free.HelivesataresidentialrecoverycenterinBaltimore,andaGoFundMepagesetupbySmithhascoveredhisrent,groceries,andincidentals.Hislifeisbackontrack,allbecauseonecrimevictimcouldunderstandanother’sloss.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Drug-abuseCanHeal. B.LostandFound.C.MutualCommunicationMatters. D.GoodDeedsRepaid.[方法4]拨云见日阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是与你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交的，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。【典例剖析】Whenyouattendawritingconference,youseeafacadethattookmonthsorlongertomakeup.Plentyisgoingonbehindthescenes.Let’stakealookbehindthecurtain.Thedaystartslongbeforeattendeeswalkthroughthedoor.Registrationissetup,signspostedandtablesarranged.Logistics(后勤)allfallontheconferenceorganizers.Forexample,theannualconferenceIdirectinSanFrancisco(seetheposterabove)isasimpleone-dayconferencethattakesmorethaneightmonthstoputtogetherandaround15staffandvolunteerstomanage.Largermulti-dayconferenceshaveevenmoregoingonbehindthescenes.Theunderlinedwordfacaderefersto___.A.theeffortbehindthescenesB.thescenesvisibletothepublicC.theliterarymasterpieceondisplayD.thematerialdistributedatthemeeting三、【说明文解法策略】审题口诀：说明文章是“素描”，无情无议只介绍。阐明事理遵顺序，客观叙述不作造。不管题干如何问，原文材料是依靠。相关语句提信息，比对成功不动摇。科普类文章往往具有跨学科、行文逻辑性强等特点:要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握。科普说明文常设置下列题型：细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨大意题等,其中以主旨大意和推理判断题居多。从词汇角度来看,在科普类文章中,词汇的意义具有单一性和准确性的特点。从语法和句子结构方面看,其结构较复杂,长难句较多,语法分析较困难。文章中常用被动语态、定语从句等结构。科普说明文在结构上常采用的写作方法有:①总分式。在说明事物或事理时,段落(层次)之间有一个总分关系,表现为由总到分或由分到总;②承接式。各层之间按照事物的发展过程,或者按时间、因果、条件等关系安排,前后相互承接;③递进式。后边在前边的基础上进一步说明,各层之间的关系由浅入深。文章的命题除了遵循科普类文章的命题方式外,还经常考查文章的篇章结构和修辞手法。[方法1]细节理解题说明文通常突出介绍事件的过程、步骤和方法，同时通过具体的事例、数字、定义或图表等加以说明，所以该文体中的细节理解题常常和这些过程、步骤、方法、事例、数字、定义、图表等相关。考生解题时一定要准确地理解这些事实细节，进而做好相关的细节理解题。【典例】Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It'saplant'swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening？Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy，itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant，buttheneighbors，relativelyspeaking，staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother？Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn'tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?A．Itmakesnoises.B．Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C．Itstandsquietly.D．Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.[方法2]主旨大意题说明文中的主旨大意题通常会体现作者写作的目的、文章主题思想、段落大意及阅读人群、文章出处等。这样，考生需要根据文章或段落的主题句、作者说明的主要内容等信息确定和主旨大意相关的试题，从而做出正确的选择。【典例】①Riskissomethingwefacedaily.However,somepeopleareobviouslymorewillingtotakerisksthanothers.②Biologistsappeartohavediscoveredaphysicalreasonthatexplainswhysomepeoplearerisk-takers.Dopamineisaneurotransmitter,achemicalthatspreadssignalsbetweennervecells.Itislinkedtothebrainsrewardsystemandisthechemicalthatmakesusfeelgood,andscientistsbelieveittobelinkedtorisk-taking.Ournervecellshavedopaminereceptors(接收器)whichcontroltheamountofdopaminethateachcellreceives.Butnotallreceptorsmaybeactive.Whenapersonhasfewactivereceptorstocontroltheamountofdopaminethatisreceived,acellcanbecomefloodedresultinginanextremefeelingofhappiness④Dopaminegivesusabiologicalreasonforrisk-taking,butscientistsbelievetheremaybepsychologicalreasonstoo.Sensation-seekingisapersonalitycharacteristicthatdescribesthedesiretofindactivitiesthatbringuspleasure.In1964,psychologistMarvinZuckermancreatedthesensation-seekingscale.His40-itemquestionnaire,stillusedtoday,wasgiventopeoplewhowereactiveinseekingnewactivities,andtopeoplewhoweremoresatisfiedwithaquietlife.Whilerisk-takingisnotacharacteristicinitself,itisverymuchassociatedwithsensation-seeking,asahighsensation-seekerdoesnotevaluateriskinthesamewaythatalowsensation-seekerdoes.Adesiretoachievepleasuremeansthatthereisagreaterwillingnesstotakemorerisks.⑤Therearebothbiologicalandpsychologicalexplanationsastowhysomepeoplemaychoosetotakemorerisksthanothers.However,noneoftheseexplanationsaredefinitive.Whatcanbeconcludedfromparagraph4? A.Thelongingforpleasuremayleadtorisktaking. B.Awillingnesstotakemoreriskscanbecultivated. C.Thesensation-seekingscalecanhelptoevaluaterisk. D.Highsensation-seekersaremorecommonthanlowones.[方法3]标题判断题科普说明文多出现标题判断题，考查考生对全文的理解，它常以Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?等为设问方式，文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子，它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。答案需要理解文章后归纳文章中心。【典例】Earth’sgeologicages—timeperiodsdefinedbyevidenceinrocklayers—typicallylastmorethanthreemillionyears.We’rebarely11,500yearsintothecurrentage,theHolocene.Butanewpaperarguesthatwe’vealreadyenteredanewone—theAnthropocene,or“newman”,age.Thenameisn’tbrand-new.NobelPrizewinnerPaulCrutzen,aco-authorofthepaper,coineditin2002toreflectthechangessincetheindustrialrevolution.Thepaper,however,ispartofnewpushtoformalizetheAnthropoceneageIftheconceptoftheAnthropoceneageistobeformalized,scientistswillfirsthavetoidentifyanddefineaboundaryline,ormarker,that’ssetinstone.“Thekeythingisthinkingabouthow—thousandsofyearsinthefuture—geologistsmightcomebackandactuallyrecognizeinthedepositrecordthebeginningoftheAnthropocene,”explainedAlanHaywoodoftheUniversityofLeedsintheU.K.“It’snotasstraightforwardasyoumightthink.Themarkerhastobeveryprecise,andithastoberecognizedinmanydifferentpartsoftheworld,”saidHaywood,whowasn’tinvolvedinthenewstudyThepushforaformaldeclarationoftheAnthropoceneageisaboutmorethanjustscientificcuriosity.Themove,thescientistswriteinthelatestissueofthejournalEnvironmentalScience&Technology,“mightbeusedasencouragementtoslowcarbonemissionsandbiodiversity(生物多样性)loss”or“asevidenceonprotectionmeasures.”JustasHaywoodsaid,byunderlininghowmuchwe’rechangingtheenvironment,theformalizationwouldbe“averypowerfulstatement”.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HumansAreDestroyingtheEarth,GeologistsWarnB.TooEarlytoSetThingsinStone,AuthoritiesSayC.MoreEvidenceIsNeeded,UniversitiesRequireD.ANewEarthAgeMayBegin,ScientistsArgue[方法4]推理判断题为了考查考生的逻辑推理判断能力，说明文中的推理判断题通常要求考生推断出事件发展过程和步骤的重要环节以及作者使用举例和对比等写作手法的具体目的等。这时，考生需要联系文章的主题思想对推理判断题加以突破。【典例】Parallelworldsexistandinteractwithourworld,sayphysicists.Quantummechanics(量子力学),thoughfirmlytested,issoweirdandanti-intuitivethatphysicistRichardFeynmanonceremarked,“IthinkIcansafelysaynobodyunderstandsquantummechanics.”Attemptstoexplainsomeofthebizarre(奇异的)consequencesofquantumtheoryhaveledtosomemind-bendingideas,suchastheCopenhageninterpretationandthemany-worldsinterpretation.Nowthere’sanewtheoryontheblock,calledthe“manyinteractingworlds”hypothesis(假设)(MIW),andtheideaisjustasprofoundasitsounds.Thetheorysuggestsnotonlyparallelworldsexist,butthattheyinteractwithourworldonthequantumlevelandarethusdetectable.Thoughstillspeculative(推测的),thetheorymayhelptofinallyexplainsomeofthebizarreconsequencesinherentinquantummechanics.Thetheoryisaspinoffofthemany-worldsinterpretationinquantummechanics—anassumptionthatallpossiblealternativehistoriesandfuturesarereal,eachrepresentinganactual,thoughparallel,world.Oneproblemwiththemany-worldsinterpretation,however,hasbeenthatitisfundamentallyuntestable,sinceobservationscanonlybemadeinourworld.Happeningsintheseproposed“parallel”worldscanthusonlybeimagined.MIW,however,saysotherwise.Itsuggeststhatparallelworldscaninteractonthequantumlevel,andinfactthattheydo.“Theideaofparalleluniversesinquantummechanicshasbeenaroundsince1957,”explainedHowardWiseman,aphysicistatGriffithUniversityinBrisbane,Australia,andoneofthephysiciststocomeupwithMIW.“Inthewell-known‘Many-WorldsInterpretation’,eachuniversebranchesintoabunchofnewuniverseseverytimeaquantummeasurementismade.Allpossibilitiesarethereforerealized—insomeuniversesthedinosaur-killingasteroid(小行星)missedEarth.Inothers,AustraliawascolonizedbythePortuguese.”“Butcriticsquestiontherealityoftheseotheruniverses,sincetheydonotinfluenceouruniverseatall,”headded.“Onthisscore,our‘ManyInteractingWorlds’approachiscompletelydifferent,asitsnameimplies.”Wisemanandcolleagueshaveproposedthatthereexists“auniversalforceofrepulsionbetween‘nearby’(i.e.similar)worlds,whichtendstomakethemmoredissimilar.”Quantumeffectscanbeexplainedbyfactoringinthisforce,theypropose.Whenaskedaboutwhethertheirtheorymightimplythathumanscouldsomedayinteractwithotherworlds,Wisemansaid:“It’snotpartofourtheory.Buttheideaofhumaninteractionswithotheruniversesisnolongerpurefantasy.”Whatmightyourlifelooklikeifyoumadedifferentchoices?Maybeonedayyou'llbeabletolookintooneofthesealternativeworldsandfindout.Accordingtoparagraph3-5,thenewtheory"MIW"differsfromthepreviousoneinthat______.A.MIWdevelopsfromquantummechanicsB.MIWsuggeststheinteractioncanbedetectedC.ThepreviousoneisbasedonprofoundfoundationD.ThepreviousoneprovesthatMIWisimaginedThelastsentenceofthelastparagraphimpliesthat_______________________.A.somedayhumansmayliveindifferentuniversesinonelifetimeB.humansmaymakedifferentchoicessimultaneously(同时地)andliveindifferentuniversesC.humansmayliveagainfromthebeginningiftheyregrettheirlifeinthisuniverseD.lifewouldbemoreunexpected,butallyouexpectmaybetrueinotheruniverses[方法5]代词指代判断题科技说明文在对自然奥秘、动植物生存侍点及产品工艺原理进行解释时，易出现动作变换多、人称转变频的现象，因此常出现代词指代判断题，这些试题常以it；they；them等表物的代词为命题题点，要求考生裉据上下文语语境逻辑推断其指代对象。解题时应认真分析动作转换背景，区分动作不同执行者，从而准确判断代词的正确指代。【典例】Hisblack­and­whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime.Thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor.Theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself­supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic，whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare，butalsoalcoholism，betrayalandevensuicide.Whatdoestheunderlinedworld“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．ThemodernFrenchlifestyle.B．Theself­supportinghunting.C．Theuncivilizedworld.D．TheFrenchRepublic.[方法6]生词词义或句意猜测题科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点及产品工艺原理，易出现一些学术性较强的生词，因此常出现生词词义判断题，这种试题常以Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?或Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword?为设问方式考查对生词词义的判断。词义猜测题的设置通常和定义、概念、举例等有关，这有助于对词汇的理解，解题时考生要注意捕捉这些信息，正确理解相关词汇的意思。【典例】ResearchersatVanderbiltUniversityandAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicineasked34menandwomentocompleteaquestionnaireabouttheirrisktakingtoassesswhethertheyseeknewopportunitiesorarecautiousinlife.Theresultsoftheresearchwereconsistentwithsimilarstudiescarriedoutwithrats,andhadthesameoutcome.Itconcludedthatpeoplewhoarerisk-takershavefewerdopaminereceptorsthanpeoplewhoarenot.Theunderlinedphrase“consistentwith”isclosestto“__________”inmeaning.A.contraryto B.inagreementwith C.atthecostof D.persistentin【典例】IsPaperlessOfficeReallyPaperless?Arisingeconomyincreasedpapersalesby6to7percenteachyearintheearlytomid-1990s,andtheconvenienceofdesktopprintingallowedofficeworkerstoprintanythingandeverything.In2004,MerilynDunn,acommunicationssuppliesdirector,saidthatplainwhiteofficepaperwouldseelessthana4percentgrowthrate,aprimaryreasonforwhichisthatsome47percentoftheworkforceenteredthejobmarketaftercomputershadalreadybeenintroducedtooffices.Forofficeinnovators,thedreamofpaperlessofficeisanexampleofhigh-techarrogance(傲慢).Today’sofficeserviceisoverwhelmedbymorenewspapersthaneverbefore.Afterdecadesofdevelopment,theAmericangovernmentcanfinallygetridofthemadnessonpaper.Inthepast,thedemandforpaperhasbeenfaraheadofgrowthintheAmericaneconomy,butthesaleshaveslowedmarkedlyoverthepasttwotothreeyears,despitethegoodeconomicconditions.“Oldhabitsarehardtobreak,”saysMs.Dunn.“Therearesomefunctionsthatpaperserveswhereascreendisplaydoesn’twork.Thosefunctionsarebothitsstrengthanditsweakness.”Analystsattributethedeclinetosuchfactorsasadvancesindigitaldatabasesandcommunicationsystems.Escapingoureagernessforpaper,however,willbeanythingbutaneasyaffairWhatdoesthelastsentenceinPara.3mean?A.Wehavetolookatpaperconsumptionfromdifferentangles.B.Thereislittlechancethatpaperconsumptionwillfallinthedigitalage.C.Paperconsumptionwillbegreatlyreducedinthedigitalage.D.Peoplearenolonge