中考英语阅读理解07-科技说明

阅读理解(七)科技说明A[2019·原创]ManypeoplehopetovisittheWhiteHouseinpersonsomedayinthefuture.ButmostpeoplewillnevergetachancetogoinsidetheWhiteHouse,thefamoushomeofthePresidentoftheUnitedStates.Luckily,thereisanewappthatcanbringtheWhiteHousetolifeforanyonewithasmartphoneequippedforcomputerprograms.Toexperiencethisfamousbuilding,youjustneedyoursmartphoneandaone-dollarbill.Thenewappiscalled1600,whichmakesonethinkoftherealstreetaddressoftheWhiteHouse,1600PennsylvaniaAvenue,inWashingtonD.C.The1600appcreatesasmallWhiteHouseonyoursmartphone.Afterdownloading(下载)it,youonlyneedtopointthecameraonthephoneatonedollartostarttheexperience.Thedollarthenchangesintoathree-dimensional(三维的)modeloftheWhiteHousebeforeyoureyes.Itcreatesimageshavinglength,widthandheight.Whenthesmartphoneismovedaround,theimagesofthebuildingalsochange.TheUSformer(前任的)PresidentBarackObama’sPressSecretary,JoshEarnest,providesexplanationaspartoftheapp.HeprovideslotsofthehistoricalinformationabouttheWhiteHouse,talksabouthowthebuildingisusedtodayanddescribessomeeventsheldthere.TheappshowssomeofthechangesontheWhiteHousegroundsaroundtheyear.YoucanwatchtheEasterEggRollinspringandseeaformalarrival(来访)ceremonyforaforeignleader.What’smore,thereisevenahiddensurprisetocatchifyoutouchontheOvalOffice.That’sreallycool!“WehopeyouenjoyandsharethisnewwayofhavingalookinsidetheWhiteHouse,”JoshEarnestsaid.Thenewappisthelatestwaythatthegovernmenthasusedtechnologyasaneducationaltool.Thistimeitgivespeopleallovertheworldthechancetovisit“ThePeople’sHouse”.MichelleObamahassaidtheWhiteHouseisalsocalled“ThePeople’sHouse”becauseitisaplacewhereallpeopleshouldfeelwelcome.1.TheWhiteHouseisusedfor.

A.theGreatHalloftheUS B.thehomeofthePresidentoftheUSC.theinformationofficeoftheUS D.theZhongnanhaioftheUS2.1600isanappthatcan.

A.bringtheWhiteHousetoourlifeB.feelwelcomeintheWhiteHouseC.experiencethelifeintheWhiteHouseD.sharethenewtechnologyineducation3.Theunderlinedword“explanation”maymeaninChinese.

A.解释 B.辩解 C.移出 D.移植4.Wecan’tseethroughtheapp.

A.theEasterEggRollinspringB.asurprisingpictureoftheOvalOfficeC.aformalarrivalceremonyforaforeignleaderD.thechangesontheWhiteHousegroundsallyear5.WhichisWRONGaboutthenewappaccordingtothepassage?A.Itwillcostusonedollartouseit.B.Itcanbeusedasaneducationaltool.C.Itcanshowusa3-DmodeloftheWhiteHouse.D.ItgivesusthechancetolookinsidetheWhiteHouse.B[2019·原创]Astronautshaveverybusylives.Eachdaytheyarecarefullyplannedbymission(任务)control.The12-hourworkingdayontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)beginswithawake-upcall.Afteraquickwashwithawetcloth,thecrew(全体乘务员)havebreakfastandrunthroughthejobsfortheday.Spacestationsarelikelargehousesthatneedmuchcareandattention.Muchofthecrew’stimeisspentpreparingandcarryingoutscientificexperiments.Atleasttwohourseachdayisspentonexercise.Itisnecessarytokeepthecrewhealthy.Insomeways,livinginaspacestationislikebeingonadesertedisland.Acrewoftwoorthreeastronautshastosurvivefarfromhomeforweeksormonths.Iftheirmissionistobeasuccess,theyhavetolearntoliveandworktogetherasateam.Crewmembershavetolearntosharejobs,suchascleaningandrepairs.Theyalsohavetotalkaboutproblemsanddiscusshowtodealwiththem.Astronautsfirstfeeltheinfluenceofweightlessness(失重)whentherocketenginesareturnedoff.Straightaway,theybegintofloat(漂浮),helddownonlybyseatbelts.Weightlessnessallowsastronautstoappearsuperhumanstrength.Theycanliftobjectsthatwouldbefartooheavytomoveontheearth.Withouttheinfluenceofgravity(重力),astronautsbecomeweak.Tostayfit,theyhavetoexerciseseveralhourseachday.Inaspacestation,thereisnoupordown.Thereisnodifferencebetweenafloorandaceiling(天花板).Thiscanmakeastronautsfeelsickuntiltheygetusedtothisstrangeenvironment.1.AstronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationworkforhourseveryday.

A.8 B.10 C.11 D.122.Whatisthecrew’stimemainlyusedfor?A.Exercising. B.Doingscientificexperiments.C.Reading. D.Cleaning.3.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“survive”inChinese?A.休养 B.苦思 C.生存 D.调查4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Astronautsneedtoworkasateam.B.Weightlessnessmakesastronautsbecomestrong.C.Thereareupanddowninaspacestation.D.Astronautsexerciseonehoureachday.5.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Astronauts’livesinthespacestationB.TheinfluenceofweightlessnessC.HowtoliveinthespacestationD.HowtoexerciseinthespacestationC[2019·原创]Inordertomakedriverskeeptheirhandsonthewheelandtheireyesontheroad,anewJapanesesmartphoneappoffersfreecoffeetodriverswhodon’tchecktheirphonesforatleast100kilometers.Inthelast3years,therehavebeen443,691trafficaccidentsinatownofJapan,and50,101deathshappenedbecauseofusingsmartphoneswhiledriving.SoaJapanesecompanyinventedanewappwhichcouldgivedriverssomerewardsiftheydidn’tchecktheirphoneswhiledriving.Bydoingthis,itcangreatlyreducethenumberoftrafficaccidents.Toyota(丰田)MotorCorporation,KomedaCo.LtdandKDDICorporationhaveworkedtogethertocreatethisdrivingapp.Itusesthephone’sgyro(陀螺仪)sensortosensethetilt(倾斜)ofthecars.AnditcanuseGPStofigureoutthenumberofkilometersadriverhastraveledwiththesmartphonefacingdown.

Whentheappfindsthatthesmartphonehasnotbeenusedforatleast100kilometers,itwillrewardthedriverwithacupoficedcoffee.Therewardcanbeearnedforevery100kilometerswithoutcheckingthephone.Toyotasaysthatthisisthefirstsmartphoneappthatcanhelpsolvetheproblemsofdrivingsafety.ThisapphasbeenusedsinceSeptember20th,2016,anditisavailableforbothiOSandAndroidsystems.Uptonow,ithasonlyworkedinJapan.1.LotsoftrafficaccidentshavehappenedinJapanbecausethedriverswhiledriving.

A.drinkcoffee B.talkwithothersC.listentomusic D.usetheirsmartphones2.Thesmartphoneappismadeto.

A.rewardthedrivers B.makesuretrafficsafetyC.checkthedrivingspeed D.improveairpollution3.hasthesamemeaningastheunderlinedwords“figureout”.

A.Findout B.Workout C.Tryout D.Giveout4.Thedriverscangetasarewardiftheydrivewithoutusingtheirsmartphonesforatleast100kilometers.

A.aboxofbeer B.aglassofmilkC.abottleofwater D.acupoficedcoffee5.WhichisWRONGaboutthenewappaccordingtothepassage?A.ThesmartphoneappcanbeusedonlyinJapanforever.B.Thesmartphoneappcansensethetiltofthecars.C.Threecompaniesworkedtogethertocreatethisdrivingapp.D.IOSandAndroidsystemscanusethesmartphoneapp.参考答案A[主旨大意]本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是一款能够观看白宫内景的应用软件,同时也介绍了通过该软件能够在白宫看到的内容。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“ButmostpeoplewillnevergetachancetogoinsidetheWhiteHouse,thefamoushomeofthePresidentoftheUnitedStates.”可知,白宫是美国总统的家。故选B。2.A细节理解题。根据第二段“Luckily,thereisanewappthatcanbringtheWhiteHousetolifeforanyonewithasmartphoneequippedforcomputerprograms.”可知,有一款新的应用程序可以将白宫带到任何有配备电脑程序的手机的人的生活中。故选A。3.A词义猜测题。根据下一句“HeprovideslotsofthehistoricalinformationabouttheWhiteHouse,talksabouthowthebuildingisusedtodayanddescribessomeeventsheldthere.”可推知,美国前总统的新闻秘书JoshEarnest的作用是解释,比如提供白宫的历史信息、讲述这栋建筑是如何被使用的以及描述那里举行的一些活动。explanation的意思是“解释”。故选A。4.B细节理解题。根据第八段“TheappshowssomeofthechangesontheWhiteHousegroundsaroundtheyear.YoucanwatchtheEasterEggRollinspringandseeaformalarrivalceremonyforaforeignleader.”可知,我们通过这款app看不到一幅令人惊讶的椭圆形办公室照片。故选B。5.A细节理解题。根据第五段“The1600appcreatesasmallWhiteHouseonyoursmartphone.Afterdownloadingit,youonlyneedtopointthecameraonthephoneatonedollartostarttheexperience.”可知,我们需要用手机上的相机对准一美元开始体验1600应用程序在智能手机上创建的小的白宫,而不是花费一美元去体验。A项叙述错误。故选A。B[主旨大意]本文是一篇说明文,讲述了宇航员一天的生活。他们的主要任务是做科学实验,但每天做锻炼是必不可少的,因为失重状态下对人的身体影响很大。宇航员是作为一个团队来工作的,所以团队精神是必需的。1.D细节理解题。根据首段第三句“The12-hourworkingdayontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)beginswithawake-upcall.”可知,宇航员在国际太空站每天工作12小时。故选D。2.B细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Muchofthecrew’stimeisspentpreparingandcarryingoutscientificexperiments.”可知,宇航员的时间很多被花在准备和执行科学实验上。故选B。3.C词义猜测题。“生存”与上文“…livinginaspacestationislikebeingonadesertedisland.”即把太空站比作沙漠孤岛,那么人就要想办法生存下来。故选C。4.A细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“…theyhavetolearntoliveandworktogetherasateam.”可知,宇航员在太空要学