初中英语语法精讲精练主谓一致专题

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载初中英语语法精讲精练：主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。表现在三个方面：语法一致；意义一致；就近一致（就近原则）。一语法一致(意义一致)：主语复数----谓语复数；主语单数-----谓语单数1主语复数的情况----谓复⑴people,police,staff,crowd,sheep,cattle等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，Thepolicearewaitingfortheboy.Thestaffaredressedasclowns.⑵由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；Bothhisfatherandhismotherarebothteachers.他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。⑶“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。TheSmithsarehavingdinner.⑷the＋a.表一类人，做主语，谓语用复数；但表示抽象概念时，用单数形式：Thepooraren’talwaysverysad,whilethericharen’talwayshappy.Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。2主语单数的情况-----谓单⑴单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式：Somewaterisinthebottle.Theboyisplayingfootballontheplayground.⑵manya+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式：ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.⑶morethanone+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。⑷表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度等度量词或短语作主语时，常看作整体概念，谓单：Twomonthsisalongholiday.两个月是一个长假。Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英镑并不太重。Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离。⑸表加减乘除的数学运算做主语，谓单：Threeplustwoisfive.Fiveminusfourisone.Threetimestwoissix.Eightdividedbyfouristwo.⑹eachAandeachB和everyAandeveryB作主语，谓单：Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每个男人和女人都在工作。⑺oneandahalf+复数名词作主语，谓单：Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一个半小时足够了。⑻动词不定式，动名词,句子作主语时，谓单：Toseeistobelieve眼见为实。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。WhowillbeourEnglishteacherisunknown.⑼a/an+单数名词+ortwo作主语，谓单：Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一两个学生考试不及格。⑽主语为某些词组，如oneof,eachof,everyoneof,anyoneof,noneof等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。如：Oneofmyfavoritesportsisbasketball.⑾不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主语，谓单：Iseveryoneheretoday.Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Nobodywasin.⑿each,either,neither,another,theother作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neitheransweriscorrect两个答案都不正确。⒀s结尾的表单数意义的名词作主语，谓单，如news,maths,physics等：Nonewsisgoodnews.没有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我们班数学很受欢迎。3谓语根据主语单复数意义来定的情况：⑴anumberof+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；thenumberof+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：Anumberoffamouspeoplewereinvitedtoparty.许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred.我们学校的学生数超过800人。⑵相同两部分组成的名词做主语，谓复；当名词前kindof,pairof,glassof等表示量的短语修饰时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致：Thebluetrousersaremine.ThispairofshoesisTom’s.这双鞋是汤姆的。Therearetwoglassesofwateronthetable.桌上有两杯水。⑶“lotsof/alotof/plentyof+名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词的数；若是不可数名词，用单数；若名词是复数，则用复数75percentoflandiscoveredwithwater.Threefourthsofstudentsaregirlsinourclass.Lotsofmoneyisneeded.Plentyofwaterhasbeenpolluted.⑷由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物:Thewriterandteacheriscoming.a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物：Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)⑸family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指整体时，谓单;指具体成员时，谓复数：Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他家的人不多。MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。⑹none如指量，用单数。若指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语用单也可用复，none如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。Noneofthelandhasbecomedesert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。Noneofthestudentsintheclassaretiredofhislesson.⑺all/most/half/twothirdsof/therestof+名词作主语，谓语动词取决于of后面的名词：Mostofhistimeisspentonstudy.Alloftheworkhastobefinishedatonce.Mostofthegirlsarefondofskiing.⑻当主语后有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定：MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。二就近一致（就近原则）⑴以here，there为首的句子，谓语动词常与临近的主语一致：Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.这是给你的书和纸。Herecomesthebus!Herearethebooks,apenforyou.⑵or,either…or…，neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式：TomorJackiswrong.不是汤姆就是杰克错了。Eitherthisoneorthatoneisok.这一个或那一个都行。NotonlyyoubutalsohehasbeentoJapan.经典习题II.选择填空。1.-----Areyouworriedwhenyoursonoftenplayscomputergames?-----Yes.Ithinkplayingcomputergames_______onteenagers.A.haveagoodeffectB.hasagoodeffectC.hasabadeffect2.Theoldwoman,togetherwithhertwograndsons,______crossingtheroad.A.are

B.is

C.has

D.have3.Thispairoftrousers______Lucy’s.Yourtrousers______onyourbed.A.is,are

B.is,is

C.are,are

D.are,is4.

Tenkilometers______averylongwaytogoinaday.A.are

B.has

C.is

D.have5.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therethen.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were6.Whathewantedtoknow______whytheydidn’ttellhim.A.are

B.was

C.were

D.is7.Eitheryouorhe______tostayathomethisafternoon.A.has

B.have

C.are

D.is8.Neitherofthetwins______bread.A.like

B.likes

C.liked

D.islike9.Fishandchips______myfavoritefood.A.is

B.are

C.has

D.become10.Thesingeranddancer______cometoourcity.A.are

B.is

C.have

D.has11.Three-fourthsofthewater______gone.A.is

B.are

C.have

D.were12.Everybody,menandwomen,youngandold,______listeningtotheradiohere.A.enjoys

B.enjoy

C.isenjoyed

D.areenjoyed13.EitherTomorMaria______suretoknowtheanswer.A.are

B.be

C.is

D.were14.Neitheryounorhe______howtoanswerthequestion.A.know

B.knows

C.knowing

D.toknow15.Iaswellasthey______readytohelpyou.A.am

B.are

C.is

D.

be16.Thenumberofthestudentsintheclass______aboutforty.A.is

B.are

C.were

D.have17.Everyhourandeveryminute______important.A.are

B.be

C.is

D.were18.Look!TheTurnerfamily______havingsupperunderthetreeinfrontoftheirhouse.A.is

B.are

C.like

D.like19.Notonlythetwinsbutalsotheirfather______thefilm.A.like

B.likes

C.liking