湖南省部分学校2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题 含解析

高三英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Howmanybookscanapersonborrowatmost?A.Seven.B.Eight.C.Eleven.2.Whatisthemandoing?A.Checkinghisbag.B.Lookingforhisbelongings.C.Catchingaplane.3.Whyshouldthespeakerscelebrateaccordingtotheman?A.Foranewmovie.B.Forthewoman'sreturn.C.Forthewoman'spromotion.4.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?A.Inanoffice.B.Inashoppingmall.C.Attheseaside.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Howtokeepahealthydiet.B.Whattheyhaveforbreakfast.C.Theimportanceofdrinkingmilk.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Calloffareservation.B.Askforsomeinformation.C.Makeanappointment.7.Whatdoesthemanneedthewomantoprovide?A.Thespecificreason.B.Herpersonalinformation.C.Someextramoney.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthecake?AQuitesatisfactory.B.Tooexpensive.C.Abitdisappointing.9.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$80.B.$96.C.$112.10.Howwillthemanpay?A.Bycheck.B.Bycreditcard.C.Incash.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.HowdoesAlicesound?A.Annoyed.B.Excited.C.Patient.12.WhatdidTomdolastnight?A.HeinvitedAlicetoaparty.B.Heattendedaparty.C.HetriedtocolorAlice'shair.13.WhatdoesAllensuggestAlicedo?A.Watchthetime.B.Gostraighttothehairdresser's.C.Makeaphonecall.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whoarethespeakersmostprobably?A.Students.B.Governmentofficials.C.Educationalexperts.15.WhydomanystudentsfailinEnglishinthepublicexamination?A.Thenewtestingmethodisn'tpracticalforthem.B.Thereisashortageoftrainedandskilledteachers.C.Thetextbookistoodifficult.16.What'stheman'ssuggestion?A.Givingsufficienttrainingtotheteachers.B.TeachingEnglishindifferentclassrooms.C.Makingsurethetextbookissuitableforstudents.17.What'sthewoman'sattitudetowardtheman'ssolutions?A.Disapproving.B.Appreciative.C.Unclear.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Disadvantagesofusingemailindailylife.B.Advantagesofusingemailatwork.C.Waysofusingemailmoreefficientlyatwork.19.Whatdoesthespeakeradvisepeopletodo?A.Turnoffthecomputer.B.Checkemailthreetimesaday.C.Readalltheemailmessagesatonce.20.Howcanpeoplejudgewhichmessagestoanswerrightaway?A.Byhavingaquicklookatthesubjects.B.Byreadingthewholemessage.C.Bylookingthroughthesendersofmessages.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhenstudentswriteforteachers,itcanfeellikeanassignment.Whentheywriteforarealpurpose,theyareempowered!Student-writingcontestsareachallengingandinspiringwaytotrywritingforanauthenticaudience.JohnF.KennedyProfileinCourageEssayContestThisannualcontestinvitesstudentstowriteaboutapoliticalofficial’sactofpoliticalcouragethatoccurredafterKennedy’sbirthin1917.Thewinnerreceives$10,000,and16runners-upalsoreceiveavarietyofcashprizes.Studentsmaysubmita700—to1,000—wordessaythroughOctober12.Theessaymustfeaturemorethanfivesourcesandafullbibliography(参考书目).ThePrincetonTen—MinutePlayContestLookingforstudentwritingcontestsfornewplaywrights?Thisexclusivecompetition,whichisopenonlytohighschooljuniors,isjudgedbythetheaterstaffofPrincetonUniversity.Studentssubmitshortplaysinanefforttowinrecognitionandcashprizesofupto$500.(Note:Onlyopento11thgraders.)Studentssubmitone10playscript(剧本)onlineorbymail.ThedeadlineistheendofSeptember.BenningtonYoungWritersAwardsBenningtonCollegeofferscompetitionsinthreecategories:poetry(agroupofthreepoems),fiction(ashortstoryorone—actplay),andnonfiction(apersonaloracademicessay).First-placewinnersreceive$500.Grabaposterforyourclassroomhere.StudentscansubmittheirworksbeforeNovember15.Thewebsitelinkstoastudentregistrationform.NancyThorpPoetryContestThedeadlineforthiscontestistheendofOctober.SponsoredbyHollinsUniversity,theNancyThorpPoetryContestawardsprizesforthebestpoemssubmittedbyyoungwomenwhoaresophomoresorjuniorsinhighschoolorpreparatoryschool.Prizesincludecashandscholarships.WinnersarechosenbystudentsandstaffmembersinthecreativewritingprogramatHollins.Studentsmaysubmiteitheroneortwopoemsonline.1.HowmanycontestantswillwinprizesinJohnF.KennedyProfileinCourageEssayContest?A.1. B.5. C.16. D.17.2.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBenningtonYoungWritersAwards?A.Itoffersthehighestcashprize. B.Itsentriesshouldfeaturefivecategories.C.Ithasthelatestdeadline. D.Itsentrieswillbejudgedbyprofessionals.3Whichofthefollowingisaimedatfemalepoemlovers?A.NancyThorpPoetryContest. B.BenningtonYoungWritersAwards.C.ThePrincetonTen-MinutePlayContest. D.JohnF.KennedyProfileinCourageEssayContest.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了几个适合学生参加的写作比赛。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据JohnF.KennedyProfileinCourageEssayContest部分中“Thewinnerreceives$10,000,and16runners-upalsoreceiveavarietyofcashprizes.(获胜者将获得1万美元奖金，16名亚军还将获得各种现金奖励)”可知，该比赛共有17位参赛者最终会获奖。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据JohnF.KennedyProfileinCourageEssayContest部分中“Studentsmaysubmita700—to1,000—wordessaythroughOctober12.(学生可以在10月12日之前提交一篇700到1000字的论文)”；ThePrincetonTen—MinutePlayContest部分中“ThedeadlineistheendofSeptember.(截止日期是九月底)”；BenningtonYoungWritersAwards部分中“StudentscansubmittheirworksbeforeNovember15.(学生可以在11月15日之前提交作品)”以及倒数第二段“ThedeadlineforthiscontestistheendofOctober.(本次比赛的截止日期是十月底)”可知，BenningtonYoungWritersAwards的最终截止日期是最晚的。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据NancyThorpPoetryContest部分中“SponsoredbyHollinsUniversity,theNancyThorpPoetryContestawardsprizesforthebestpoemssubmittedbyyoungwomenwhoaresophomoresorjuniorsinhighschoolorpreparatoryschool.(南希·索普诗歌大赛由霍林斯大学主办，对高中或预科学校二年级或三年级的年轻女性提交的最佳诗歌进行奖励)”可知，该比赛的对象是喜欢诗歌的女性。故选A。BOseiBoateng,whogrewupinasmallvillageinsouthernGhana,watchedmanyofhisfamilymembersandneighborsstruggletoaccessbasichealthcare.Inmanyregionsofthecountry,peoplespendhoursgettingtothenearesthospital.Drivenbyastrongsenseofurgencytolendahand,Boatengestablishedhisnon-profitorganization,theOKBHopeFoundation.In2021,heturnedavanintoamobiledoctor’sofficeandstartedbringinghealthcaredirectlytothoseinneed.Afewtimesaweek,themobileclinicandmedicalteamtravellongdistancestoremotecommunitiesinGhanaandprovidefreeroutinemedicalcare.Inthevan,theycanrunbasiclabslikebloodworkaswellasprovidemedications.Sinceitwasestablished,themobileclinichasservedmorethan4,000citizensacrossmorethan45ruralcommunitieswhootherwisedon’thaveeasilyaccessiblemedicalcareandhasgotmuchpraise.“Iamveryimpressedbytheservicetheyprovide,andthatisthebestchanceforusruralpeopletogetthetreatmentwewant,”saidAbraham,oneofBoateng’sneighbors.Boateng’sorganizationhasalsotrained20volunteerstoserveaslocalhealthadvocates.Theycheckpeople’svitalsigns,suchasbloodpressureandglucose(葡萄糖)levels,andprovidethemedicalteamwithtimelydataforassessinghowtomoveforwardwithcareandtreatment,especiallyforthosewhosehealthisatrisk.Inthefuture,Boatengwantstobroadenthereachofhiseffortstodelivermedicalservices,notonlytoGhana’sremoteregionsbutalsotoothernationsacrosstheglobe.“IbelievethatourmodelcanbecopiedinSub-SaharanAfrica,”hesaid.“So,thegoalistoreallydevelopstrategicpartnershipsandgetadditionalmobilehealthvansforthecommunitiesortheregionsthatwewanttoserve.”4.WhatmotivatedBoatengtolaunchtheOKBHopeFoundation?A.Thedreamofimpressinghisfamilymembersandneighbors.B.ThehopeofcreatingjobsformedicalprofessionalsinGhana.C.Thebarriertobasichealthcareinhiscommunity.D.Thedrivetoraisepeople’sawarenessofhealth.5.WhydoestheauthormentionAbrahaminparagraph4?A.Toshowthemobileclinichasservedmanypeople.B.Toimplythepositiveimpactofthemobileclinic.C.Tojudgetheserviceprovidedbythemobileclinic.D.Todescribethecurrentsituationofthecitizens.6.Whatroledothelocalhealthadvocatesplay?A.Theyassistpatientstogettheirmedicine.B.Theyhelpthedoctorstoanalyzedata.C.Theykeepthemedicalfacilitiesingoodcondition.D.Theyexaminethepatientsbeforefurthertreatment.7.WhatisBoateng’slong-termvisionfortheOKBHopeFoundation?A.Toexpandthemobileclinicservicebeyondhiscountry.B.Toworkwithothernationstopromotehisorganization.C.ToestablishanationalhealthinsurancesysteminGhana.D.TobuildalargehospitalineveryruralcommunityinGhana.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.A【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。在加纳南部的一个小村庄长大的OseiBoateng，创办了他的非营利组织OKBHopeFoundation，并将一辆面包车改装成移动医生办公室，开始直接为有需要的人提供医疗服务。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“OseiBoateng,whogrewupinasmallvillageinsouthernGhana,watchedmanyofhisfamilymembersandneighborsstruggletoaccessbasichealthcare.Inmanyregionsofthecountry,peoplespendhoursgettingtothenearesthospital.(奥塞·博阿滕在加纳南部的一个小村庄长大，目睹了他的许多家人和邻居难以获得基本的医疗保健。在这个国家的许多地区，人们要花几个小时才能到最近的医院)”以及第二段“Drivenbyastrongsenseofurgencytolendahand,Boatengestablishedhisnon-profitorganization,theOKBHopeFoundation.(出于一种强烈的伸出援助之手的紧迫感，博阿滕建立了他的非营利组织——OKB希望基金会)”可知，他所在社区获得基本保健面临障碍促使博阿滕发起OKB希望基金会。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Sinceitwasestablished,themobileclinichasservedmorethan4,000citizensacrossmorethan45ruralcommunitieswhootherwisedon’thaveeasilyaccessiblemedicalcareandhasgotmuchpraise.“Iamveryimpressedbytheservicetheyprovide,andthatisthebestchanceforusruralpeopletogetthetreatmentwewant,”saidAbraham,oneofBoateng’sneighbors.(自成立以来，流动诊所已经为45多个农村社区的4000多名市民提供了服务，这些人本来就无法获得医疗服务，并得到了很多好评。博阿滕的邻居亚伯拉罕说:“他们提供的服务给我留下了深刻的印象，这是我们农村人获得治疗的最好机会。)”可知，作者在第4段提到亚伯拉罕是为了暗示流动诊所的积极影响。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Boateng’sorganizationhasalsotrained20volunteerstoserveaslocalhealthadvocates.Theycheckpeople’svitalsigns,suchasbloodpressureandglucose(葡萄糖)levels,andprovidethemedicalteamwithtimelydataforassessinghowtomoveforwardwithcareandtreatment,especiallyforthosewhosehealthisatrisk.(博阿滕的组织还培训了20名志愿者担任当地的健康倡导者。他们检查病人的生命体征，如血压和血糖水平，并为医疗团队提供及时的数据，以评估如何推进护理和治疗，特别是对那些健康处于危险中的人)”可知，健康倡导者在病人接受进一步治疗之前先给他们做一些简单的检查，并将数据提供给医生。故选D。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Inthefuture,Boatengwantstobroadenthereachofhiseffortstodelivermedicalservices,notonlytoGhana’sremoteregionsbutalsotoothernationsacrosstheglobe.(在未来，博阿滕希望扩大他的努力范围，提供医疗服务，不仅到加纳的偏远地区，而且到全球其他国家)”可知，博阿滕对OKBHopeFoundation的愿景是将移动医疗室的服务扩展到国外。故选A。CBabieslessthanayearoldcancombinesimpleconceptsintocomplexideas,showingthatcreativitybeginsinbabyhood.AccordingtonewresearchattheCentralEuropeanUniversity(CEU),babiesarenotonlycapableofcreativethinkingwellbeforestartingtospeak,butthissortofthinkingmaybeessentialforlanguageacquisition(习得).Inthestudy,theresearcherssetouttoexploretheoriginsofhumancreativityandproductivethinkingtotrytofindouthowpeoplearriveatcompletelynewthoughtsandideas.Thebasicmechanismfordoingthisistakingfamiliarconceptsandcombiningthemintonewstructures,butlittleisknownabouthowearlyinlifetheseabilitiescanbeused.Theresearchersfoundthatbabieswereabletoveryquicklylearnnewwordsthatdepictsmallquantities—animpressiveachievement—andcombinethesespontaneously(自发地)withfamiliarwordstofullyunderstandaphrase.Inthestudy,theresearchersstartedbyteachingthebabiestwonewwords:“mize”,tomean“one”,and“padu”,tomean“two”.Thenthebabieswereaskedtocombinethesenewnumberwordswithdifferentobjectnames,forexample,toidentify“paduducks”fromamongagroupofimages.Byteachingnewwords,theresearcherswereabletotestthebabies’abilitytocombineconceptsinrealtime,ratherthansimplyrecallcombinationsofwordsthattheyalreadyknewfrompreviousexperience.Byusingeye-trackingtechnologytomonitorwherethebabieslook,theresearcherswereabletoshowthatthebabiescouldsuccessfullycombinethetwoconceptstounderstandwhattheywerebeingaskedabout.Leadresearcher,DrBarbaraPomiechowskaattheCEU,said,“Forbabies,thisabilitytocombinedifferentconceptsislikelytohelpnotonlytointerpretthecomplexlanguageinput,butalsotolearnaboutdifferentaspectsofthephysicalandsocialworld.”8.Whatcanweknowaboutbabies’creativethinking?A.Itdevelopsafterbabies’languageskills. B.Itdeterminesbabies’intelligence.C.Itiskeytolanguagelearning. D.Itwilldisappearwithtime.9.Whatistheprimarygoalofthestudy?A.Toassessbabies’capabilityofcreativethinking.B.Tostudythewaynewthoughtsandideasareformed.C.Tofindouthowmanynewwordsbabiescanlearn.DToexploretheoriginsofbabies’languageacquisition.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“depict”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Describe. B.Demand. C.Replace. D.Compare.11.Howdidtheresearcherstestbabies’conceptcombination?A.Bytrackingtheirphysicalactions. B.Bymeasuringtheirbrainactivity.C.Byobservingtheireyemovements. D.Byanalyzingtheirlanguageability.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究发现，一岁以下的婴儿可以将简单的概念组合成复杂的想法，这表明创造力始于婴儿时期。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“AccordingtonewresearchattheCentralEuropeanUniversity(CEU),babiesarenotonlycapableofcreativethinkingwellbeforestartingtospeak,butthissortofthinkingmaybeessentialforlanguageacquisition(习得).(根据中欧大学（CEU）的一项新研究，婴儿不仅在开始说话之前就有创造性思维的能力，而且这种思维对语言习得可能是必不可少的。)”可知，创造性思维对于儿童的语言发展很关键。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Inthestudy,theresearcherssetouttoexploretheoriginsofhumancreativityandproductivethinkingtotrytofindouthowpeoplearriveatcompletelynewthoughtsandideas.(在这项研究中，研究人员着手探索人类创造力和高效思维的起源，试图找出人们是如何产生全新的思想和想法的。)”可知，这项研究的主要目的是研究新思想和观念形成的方式。故选B。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“andcombinethesespontaneously(自发地)withfamiliarwordstofullyunderstandaphrase(并将这些单词与熟悉的单词自发地结合起来，以完全理解一个短语)”可知，研究人员在实验过程中教授婴儿两个新单词，发现婴儿能够很快地学会描述小数量的新单词，将这些单词与熟悉的单词自发地结合起来，以完全理解一个短语。故划线词depict表示“描述”。故选A。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Byusingeye-trackingtechnologytomonitorwherethebabieslook,theresearcherswereabletoshowthatthebabiescouldsuccessfullycombinethetwoconceptstounderstandwhattheywerebeingaskedabout.(通过使用眼动追踪技术来监测婴儿看的地方，研究人员能够证明婴儿能够成功地将这两个概念结合起来，以理解他们被问到的问题)”可知，研究人员通过观察他们的眼球运动测试婴儿的概念组合。故选C。DThepossibilityofhydrogen-poweredflightmeansgreateropportunitiesforfossil-freetravel,andthetechnologicaladvancestomakethishappenaremovingfast.NewstudiesfromChalmersUniversityofTechnology,inSweden,showthatalmostallairtravelwithina750-mileradius(1,200km)couldbemadewithhydrogen-poweredaircraftby2045,andwithanovelheatexchangercurrentlyindevelopment,thisrangecouldbeevenfurther.“Ifeverythingfallsintoplace,thecommercializationofhydrogenflightcangoreallyfastnow.Asearlyas2028,thefirstcommercialhydrogenflightsinSwedencouldbeintheair,”saysTomasGrönstedt,professoratChalmersUniversityofTechnology.SomeofthesetechnologicaladvancescanbeseeninsidetheChalmerswindtunnels,whereresearcherstestairflowconditionsincutting-edgefacilities.Here,moreenergy-efficientenginesarebeingdevelopedthatpavethewayforsafeandefficienthydrogenflightforheavy-dutyvehicles.Heatexchangersareavitalpartofhydrogenflight,andtheyareakeypartofthetechnologicaladvancestakingplace.Tokeepthefuelsystemslightweight,thehydrogenneedstobeinliquidform.Thismeansthatthehydrogeniskeptsupercoolintheaircraft,typicallyaround-250degreesCelsius.Byrecoveringheatfromthehotexhaustsofthejetengines,andbycoolingtheenginesinstrategiclocationstheybecomemoreefficient.Totransfertheheatbetweenthesupercoolhydrogenandtheengine,noveltypesofheatexchangersareneeded.Tomeetthischallenge,researchersatChalmershavebeenworkingforseveralyearstodevelopacompletelynewtypeofheatexchangers.Thetechnologytakesadvantageofhydrogen’slowstoragetemperaturetocoolengineparts,andthenuseswasteheatfromtheexhaustgasestopreheatthefuelseveralhundreddegreesbeforeitisinjectedintothecombustionchamber(燃烧室).12.Whatmaybeaneffectofhydrogen-poweredflightmentionedinthetext?A.Makingairtravelmoreaffordable. B.Reducingairpollutionsignificantly.C.Increasingthespeedofaircraftsharply. D.Providingmorecomfortableflights.13.WhatisTomas’attitudetowardsthefutureofhydrogen-poweredflight?A.Unfavorable. B.Dismissive. C.Unclear. D.Positive.14.Whatisthemainfunctionofthenoveltypeofheatexchangers?A.Tocoolthehydrogentoitsliquidstate. B.Toreleaseheatfromtheenginestotheair.C.Toincreasetheefficiencyofthejetengines. D.Tohelpwasteheatgetintothecombustionchamber.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeytoHydrogen-PoweredFlight:HeatExchangerTechnologyB.TheFutureofFossil-FreeTravel:Hydrogen-PoweredFlightC.TakingHydrogen-PoweredFlight:OvercomingMoreChallengesD.Hydrogen-PoweredFlight:ReadyforTake-offwithNewAdvances【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了氢动力飞行的可能性以及相关的技术进展，特别是热交换器在其中的关键作用。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thepossibilityofhydrogen-poweredflightmeansgreateropportunitiesforfossil-freetravel,andthetechnologicaladvancestomakethishappenaremovingfast.NewstudiesfromChalmersUniversityofTechnology,inSweden,showthatalmostallairtravelwithina750-mileradius(1,200km)couldbemadewithhydrogen-poweredaircraftby2045,andwithanovelheatexchangercurrentlyindevelopment,thisrangecouldbeevenfurther.(氢动力飞行的可能性意味着无化石燃料旅行的更大机会，而实现这一目标的技术进步正在迅速发展。瑞典查尔姆斯理工大学的一项新研究表明，到2045年，几乎所有半径为750英里（1200公里）的航空旅行都可以用氢动力飞机完成，而且随着一种新型热交换器的开发，这一范围可能会更远)”可知，氢动力飞行的可能性意味着无化石燃料旅行的更多机会，即氢动力飞行的发展能大大减少对化石燃料的需求，由此可推知，氢动力飞行的发展会大大降低空气污染。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Ifeverythingfallsintoplace,thecommercializationofhydrogenflightcangoreallyfastnow.Asearlyas2028,thefirstcommercialhydrogenflightsinSwedencouldbeintheair(如果一切顺利，氢能飞行的商业化将会非常迅速。最早在2028年，瑞典的第一批商业氢飞机可能会在空中飞行)”可知，Tomas对氢动力飞行的未来的态度是乐观的。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Byrecoveringheatfromthehotexhaustsofthejetengines,andbycoolingtheenginesinstrategiclocationstheybecomemoreefficient.Totransfertheheatbetweenthesupercoolhydrogenandtheengine,noveltypesofheatexchangersareneeded.(通过从喷气发动机的热废气中回收热量，并在战略位置冷却发动机，它们变得更有效率。为了在过冷氢气和发动机之间传递热量，需要新型的热交换器)”以及第五段“Tomeetthischallenge,researchersatChalmershavebeenworkingforseveralyearstodevelopacompletelynewtypeofheatexchangers.(为了应对这一挑战，查尔默斯大学的研究人员已经花了几年的时间来开发一种全新的热交换器)”可推知，新的交换器可以提高发动机的效率。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thepossibilityofhydrogen-poweredflightmeansgreateropportunitiesforfossil-freetravel,andthetechnologicaladvancestomakethishappenaremovingfast.(氢动力飞行的可能性意味着无化石燃料旅行的更大机会，而实现这一目标的技术进步正在迅速发展)”结合文章介绍了氢动力飞行的可能性以及相关的技术进展，特别是热交换器在其中的关键作用。D选项“氢动力飞行：新进展助力起飞”符合文章标题。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyou’reshywithsocialanxietyherearesomewaysforyoutomakefriends.____16____Whenyouhavesocialanxiety,youmaysecond-guessthethingsyousayorassumeeveryoneisjudgingyou.Tomanageyouranxietyandstartmakingfriends,trytoputthosenegativethoughtstorest.Swapoutthemwithpositivethoughtssothatyoucangetbacktotheconversationathandandreallymakeaconnection.Faceyourfearsonestepatime.It’sokayifyou’renotreadytogotoamassivepartybyyourselfrightoffthebat.Instead,trymakingsmallbutmeaningfulstepsforward,suchasidentifyingsomegoalsyou’dliketohit.____17____Gradually,you’llnoticethatthemoreyoufaceyourfears,themorecomfortableyou’llbetalkingwithnewpeople.Acceptanysocialinvitationthatcomesyourway.____18____Itmaybetoughatfirst,butmakingfriendsinvolvestakingsomerisksandsteppingoutofyourcomfortzone.Ifsomeoneinvitesyoutohangoutorgotoaneventandyou’reatallinterestedinbeingtheirfriend,seizetheopportunityandjointhem!Initiateplansandaskpeopletohangout.Showpeoplethatyouwanttogettoknowthembetter.Whilethismightseemchallenging,rememberthatpartofmakingconnectionswithothersinvolvestakingtheinitiativetomakeplansyourself.Youneverknow,yournewneighbors,coworkers,andclassmatesmayalsobeshyoranxious.____19____Trytokeepanopenmindaboutnewpeoplewhenfirstmakingfriends.Youmightthinkyoudon’thaveanythingincommonwithsomeone,buttheymaysurpriseyouonceyougettoknowthem.Ifyou’renotfeelingitoryoustarttogetsuperanxiousduringthehangout,don’tbetoohardonyourself.____20____Anddon’tforgettocongratulateyourselfformakingprogressandkeeptrying!A.Trytospendtimewithpeopleevenifitmakesyounervous.B.Replaceyournegativethoughtswithpositiveones.C.Beawareoftheharmfuleffectofnegativethoughts.D.Then,youcanpushyourselftoachievethemeachday.E.They’llbehappytohearthatyouwanttospendtimewiththem.F.Beingshydoespreventyoufromtakingopportunitiestomakefriends.G.It’sokaytopolitelyexcuseyourselfandthankthemfortheircompany.【答案】16.B17.D18.A19.E20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些针对社交焦虑的交友方法。【16题详解】根据本段内容“Whenyouhavesocialanxiety,youmaysecond-guessthethingsyousayorassumeeveryoneisjudgingyou.Tomanageyouranxietyandstartmakingfriends,trytoputthosenegativethoughtstorest.Swapoutthemwithpositivethoughtssothatyoucangetbacktotheconversationathandandreallymakeaconnection.(当你有社交焦虑时，你可能会猜测你说话，或者认为每个人都在评判你。为了控制你的焦虑，开始交朋友，试着把那些消极的想法放下。把它们换成积极的想法，这样你就可以回到手头的谈话中，真正建立联系)”可知，本段的主旨是把消极的想法放下，换成积极的想法，即，用积极的想法取代消极的想法。故B选项“用积极的想法取代消极的想法”符合语境，故选B。【17题详解】根据上文“It’sokayifyou’renotreadytogotoamassivepartybyyourselfrightoffthebat.Instead,trymakingsmallbutmeaningfulstepsforward,suchasidentifyingsomegoalsyou’dliketohit.(如果你还没有准备好马上一个人去参加大型派对，也没关系。相反，试着向前迈出一小步但有意义的一步，比如确定一些你想要实现的目标)”可知，上文提到了试着向前迈出一小步但有意义的一步，确定一些想要实现的目标，推测本句是在说明接下来该怎么去实现这些目标，D选项中them指代上文somegoals。故D选项“然后，你可以每天督促自己去实现它们”符合语境，故选D。【18题详解】根据标题“Acceptanysocialinvitationthatcomesyourway.(接受任何社交邀请)”以及后文“Itmaybetoughatfirst,butmakingfriendsinvolvestakingsomerisksandsteppingoutofyourcomfortzone.Ifsomeoneinvitesyoutohangoutorgotoaneventandyou’reatallinterestedinbeingtheirfriend,seizetheopportunityandjointhem!(一开始可能很难，但交朋友需要冒一些风险，走出你的舒适区。如果有人邀请你出去玩或参加活动，而你对成为他们的朋友很感兴趣，抓住机会加入他们！)”可知，本段的主旨是接受社交邀请，本句应表达与人交往的内容，故A选项“试着花时间和别人在一起，即使这会让你感到紧张”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据上文“Showpeoplethatyouwanttogettoknowthembetter.Whilethismightseemchallenging,rememberthatpartofmakingconnectionswithothersinvolvestakingtheinitiativetomakeplansyourself.Youneverknow,yournewneighbors,coworkers,andclassmatesmayalsobeshyoranxious.(让别人知道你想更好地了解他们。虽然这看起来很有挑战性，但记住，与他人建立联系的一部分包括主动制定自己的计划。你永远不知道，你的新邻居、同事和同学可能也会害羞或焦虑)”可知，上文提到了新的邻居、同事和同学也害羞，本句为本段最后一句，故表达别人会因为你主动想要花时间与他们相处而感到高兴，E选项中They对应上文newneighbors,coworkers,andclassmates。故E选项“他们会很高兴听到你想花时间和他们在一起”符合语境，故选E。【20题详解】根据上文“Ifyou’renotfeelingitoryoustarttogetsuperanxiousduringthehangout,don’tbetoohardonyourself.(如果你没有这种感觉，或者在聚会期间开始变得超级焦虑，不要对自己太苛刻)”可知，上文提到感到超级焦虑，不要对自己太苛刻，可知接下来应表达不需要勉强之类的内容，故G选项“礼貌地为自己辩解并感谢他们的陪伴是可以的”符合语境，故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MasonBranstratorhadalwaysbeenanathlete,butthreeyearsago,hisactivelifestylechanged.“Iwasgoingfordownhillskiingasusual,butthistime,itwasdifferent,”Mason,anexperiencedskierwho____21____theslopes(斜坡)inhishometown,said.“‘I’mgoingalittlefast.’AndthatwasthelastthingIremember.”Thataccident____22____lefthimparalyzed(瘫痪的)fromthewaistdown.Asarunnerandskier,hecouldn’t____23____thefact.Luckily,Mason’sparentsencouragedhimtofocusonthegood.Heaccepteditandbecame____24____.Aboutayearaftertheaccident,he____25____thatwalkingwasn’tavery____26____thingforhimtokeeppursuingandthatitwastimetolookatwhatelsethe____27____worldhadtooffer.Thenhebegan____28____inawheelchair,preparingformarathonsandplayingtennisonthechair.Lastmonth,hereturnedtohishometownto____29____inGrandma’sMarathon,anannualracefornearly50yearsinDuluth,Minnesota,______30______2:03:52.Aftertherace,Masonbegansharinghis______31______onsocialmediatoconnectwithotherswithphysicaldisabilities.Hesharedthingsthatwere______32______tohimayearbefore,likehowhegotinandoutofbed.Butnowhecandothembetter.Hehasseenhowsharingthesenormal______33______hasmovedcountlesspeople.Morepeoplecaughtontohisstory,andevenpeoplewhoweren’tparalyzedstartedbeing______34______.“Thereweremomentswhenpeoplelikemesaid,‘Iusedyourmethodsanditchangedmylifeandmyperceptionofthisnew______35______.’IrealizedmydreamofhelpingpeoplehascometrueandI’mlivingitoutrightnow,”Masonsaid.21.A.built B.frequented C.smoothed D.repaired22.A.formally B.unnecessarily C.eventually D.temporarily23.A.payattentionto B.makeuseof C.makeupfor D.faceupto24.A.responsible B.optimistic C.patient D.honest25.A.realized B.hoped C.imagined D.recalled26.A.interesting B.worthwhile C.useful D.practical27.A.art B.wheelchair C.fashion D.youth28.A.resting B.fighting C.training D.teaching29.A.compete B.work C.volunteer D.study30.A.counting B.