2024-2025学年河北省保定市部分高中高二上学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河北省保定市部分高中2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.〖答案〗是C。1.Atwhattimewasthefireputout?A.Twoo’clock. B.Fouro’clock. C.Fiveo’clock.〖答案〗C2.What’stheweatherlikenow?A.Snowy.B.Rainy.C.Sunny.〖答案〗B3.WhosecardoesJennyhavenow?A.Herfather’scar. B.Hermother’scar. C.Herowncar.〖答案〗A4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atanairport. B.Inafactory. C.Inaclassroom.〖答案〗C5.Howwillthespeakersprobablygohome?A.Bybus. B.Bytaxi. C.Bysubway.〖答案〗B第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.WhatdoesthemaninvitethewomantodothisSaturday?A.Havelunch. B.Dosomeshopping. C.Gotoagalleryopening.7.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknowattheend?A.Whattowear.B.Howtogetthedestination.C.Whentocomeback.〖答案〗6.C7.A听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.WhatiswrongwithKathy?A.Sheisupsetbecauseshefailedtheexam.B.SheisworriedaboutherclassmateDon.C.Shecan’tgetonwellwithherfather.9.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Midtermexams. B.Schooleducation. C.Pressurefromparents.〖答案〗8.B9.C听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hegotaraise.B.Hejustgotanewjob.C.Hemovedintoanewhouse.11.WhatkindofTVsetdoesthewomansuggest?A.Asmallone. B.Abigone. C.Acheapone.12.Whydoesthewomangivethemansuchasuggestion?A.Priceswillgoupsoon.B.Newproductscomeouteveryyear.C.Hislivingroomisn’tverybig.〖答案〗10.C11.A12.C听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13.Whereisthemeatshelf?A.Inthebackofthestore.B.Totheleftofthespeaker.C.Ontheothersidefromthebakery.14.Howoftendoesthemangotothesupermarket?A.Onceaweek. B.Onceamonth. C.Onceafortnight.15.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A.Findsomeorangesforhim.B.Helporganizethelocations.C.Reporthisopinionwithhermanager.16.Whatisthemanlikelytobuy?A.Soap. B.Bread. C.Pork.〖答案〗13.A14.B15.C16.A听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Whoisthebookfor?A.Youngchildren. B.Parents. C.Teachers.18.WhathappenstoVanessaonherfirstdayinschool?A.Sheisbadlytreatedbyanotherchild.B.Sheplayspoorlyinthegames.C.Shespendshertimealone.19.HowdoesVanessa’sclassmatehelpher?A.Bywalkingtogetherwithher.B.Byinvitingherfordinner.C.Bytellingherwhattodo.20.Whatmightthespeakerbedoing?A.Readinghernewpicturebook.B.Hostingaradioprogram.C.Givingaclass.〖答案〗17.A18.C19.A20.B第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEveryyear,millionsofpeoplewatchtennisgamestocelebratethespiritoftennis.Herearefourmajortennisevents,whicharealsoknownastheGrandSlamtournaments(大满贯赛事),helpingyouknowthesportbetter.TheUSOpenTheUSOpen,thefourthGrandSlamofthetennisyear,hasitsrootsin1881.ItisheldattheUSTABillieJeanKingNationalTennisCenterinNewYork,usuallybetweenlateAugustandearlySeptember.Playedonhardcourts,theUSOpenisknownforitshardplayingsurface,whichrewardspowerfulservesandaggressiveplay.TheFrenchOpenTheFrenchOpen,alsoknownastheRoland-Garrostournament,datingbackto1891.ItisheldannuallyattheStadeRoland-GarrosinParis,typicallybetweenlateMayandearlyJune.Thetournamentisplayedonclaycourts(红土网球场),whichareknownforslowpaceandhighbounce,favoringplayerswithstrongbaselineplayandgoodslidingperformance.TheAustralianOpenTheAustralianOpenortheAO,thecalendaryear’sfirstGrandSlam,beganin1905.Ithasevolvedintoamajoreventinprofessionaltennisplaying,heldannuallyinMelbourne,inJanuary.Playedonhardcourts,theAOisfamousforitshotandoftenwindyconditions,whichtestplayers’adaptabilityandendurance(忍耐力).TheChampionships,WimbledonKnownforthegrasscourts,ithasbeenheldsince1877inWimbledon,London,whichisalsocelebratedforitsfastplayandthestricttraditionofwearingall-whiteattire(服装).ThetournamenttakesplaceannuallyinlateJuneandearlyJuly.Itsuniqueseedingsystemandthehighhonourassociatedwithwinningthetitlemakeitoneoftheprizeseachwantsintennis.21.WhatdotheUSOpenandtheAustralianOpenhaveincommon?A.Thetypeofthecourtisthesame. B.Theslow-pacedplayersbenefitmore.C.Theorigindatesfromthe1900s. D.Thegameisunaffectedbytheweather.22.Whichcompetitionsitefeaturesthereddirt?A.TheUSOpen. B.TheFrenchOpen.C.TheAustralianOpen. D.TheChampionships,Wimbledon.23.WhatisspecialabouttheChampionships,Wimbledon?A.Itallowsparticipantstowearcolourfulclothing.B.Itofferstheplayingfieldwithgrassasahighlight.C.Itisregardedasthehardestoneinthetennisworld.D.ItrunsasthelastoneintheyearlyGrandSlamgames.〖答案〗21.A22.B23.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四大网球大满贯赛事：美国网球公开赛、法国网球公开赛、澳大利亚网球公开赛和温布尔登网球锦标赛。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据TheUSOpen部分中“Playedonhardcourts,theUSOpenisknownforitshardplayingsurface,whichrewardspowerfulservesandaggressiveplay.(美国网球公开赛在硬地球场举行，以其硬地场地而闻名，这有利于有力的发球和积极的比赛)”和TheAustralianOpen部分中“Playedonhardcourts,theAOisfamousforitshotandoftenwindyconditions,whichtestplayers’adaptabilityandendurance(忍耐力).(澳网在硬地球场进行比赛，以炎热和经常刮风的天气而闻名，这是对球员适应能力和耐力的考验)”可知，美国网球公开赛和澳大利亚网球公开赛的共同点是它们都是在硬地球场上进行的。故选A项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据TheFrenchOpen部分中“Thetournamentisplayedonclaycourts(红土网球场),whichareknownforslowpaceandhighbounce,favoringplayerswithstrongbaselineplayandgoodslidingperformance.(比赛在红土球场进行，红土球场以慢节奏和高弹跳而闻名，有利于底线击球有力和滑球表现良好的球员)”可知，法国网球公开赛的场地是红土网球场。故选B项。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据TheChampionships,Wimbledon部分中“Knownforthegrasscourts,ithasbeenheldsince1877inWimbledon,London,whichisalsocelebratedforitsfastplayandthestricttraditionofwearingall-whiteattire(服装).(这项赛事以草地球场而闻名，自1877年以来一直在伦敦温布尔登举行，温布尔登也以其快速的比赛和身穿全白服装的严格传统而闻名)”可知，提供草地场地是温布尔登网球锦标赛的特色。故选B项。B“WhenIwasyoung,ItoldmymotherthatIwouldgotoChinatolearnkungfuoneday.Shedidn’tbelieveitatthetime.WhenIgotthere,Iimmediatelycalledherandsaid,‘Mom,guesswhereIam.I’mattheShaolinTemple!’,”saysMaxYollando,ayoungmanfromCoted’Ivoire,sharinghisattachmentforChineseculture.YollandoisalsoknownasYanming,theChinesenamehewasgivenbyhisteacherattheShaolinTemple,wherethe“Shaolinkungfu”wasborn,andwhichtodayislikeamagnet(磁铁)forfansfromallovertheworld.Atthetime,YollandowasastudentattheFelixHouphouet-BoignyUniversityinAbidjan.MotivatedbyhispassionforChineseculture,hesignedupattheConfuciusInstitutetostudyChinese.Inlate2016,hehadtheopportunitytovisitthetempleinHenanProvinceonathree-monthexchange.ThisexperiencedefinedhiscloserelationshipwithtraditionalChineseculture.AfterreturningtoCoted’Ivoire,YollandocontinuedtopracticeChineseandstudytraditionalChineseculture.InJuly2017,hereturnedtotheShaolinTempleagainandremainedthereforsixyears.Hisyearsatthetemplereading,exercising,practicingkungfuandmeditation(冥想)greatlychangedhim,andallowedhimtobetterunderstandandappreciatetraditionalChineseculture.HesaysthemostimpressivethingshenoticedthatrootedinChineseculturearetheloveofwork,respectandrecognition.Attheendof2022,whenhecompletedhisstudiesatthetemple,hebeganworkingataShaolinculturalcenterinZambia.ThefirstofitskindinAfrica,thecenterishometo30orphans(孤儿),whoaretaughtChineselanguageandtraditionalChineseculture,includingkungfu,aspartofthecourse.ForYollando,thepurposeofstudyingChineseculturewastobeabletoreturntoAfricatointroduceChinesevaluestohiscompatriots(同胞).“TheculturefascinatedmebecauseinChina,peoplemakeanefforttoworkbetter,andtheyareveryrespectfulandgratefultotheirfamilyandcountry,”hesays.24.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“attachment”inparagraph1?A.Confusion. B.Disappointment. C.Affection. D.Investigation.25.WhatmadeYollandotrulyrelatedtotraditionalChineseculture?A.LearningChineseattheConfuciusInstitute.B.VisitingtheShaolinTempleinHenanProvince.C.ReadingtraditionalChineseculturebooks.D.WorkingataShaolinculturalcenter.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeYollando?A.Brave. B.Determined. C.Humorous. D.Organized.27.WhatcanwelearnabouttheShaolinculturalcenterinZambia?A.ItscoursesareallaboutChineseculture. B.ItwasfundedbytheShaolinTemple.C.Itisanofficialauthorizedagency. D.Itisacharity.〖答案〗24.C25.B26.B27.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了来自科特迪瓦的MaxYollando从小热爱中国功夫，在少林寺学习了六年，回到非洲后，他致力于传播中国传统文化。【24题详析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“WhenIwasyoung,ItoldmymotherthatIwouldgotoChinatolearnkungfuoneday.Shedidn’tbelieveitatthetime.WhenIgotthere,Iimmediatelycalledherandsaid,‘Mom,guesswhereIam.I’mattheShaolinTemple!’(我小时候告诉妈妈，有一天我会去中国学习功夫。当时她不相信。当我到了那里，我立刻打电话给她说，‘妈妈，猜猜我在哪里。我在少林寺！’)”可推知，这是MaxYollando在分享自己对中国文化的喜爱，推测划线单词表示“喜爱”，与Affection意义相近。故选C。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Inlate2016,hehadtheopportunitytovisitthetempleinHenanProvinceonathree-monthexchange.ThisexperiencedefinedhiscloserelationshipwithtraditionalChineseculture.(2016年底，他有机会参观了河南省的寺庙，进行了为期三个月的交流。这段经历决定了他与中国传统文化的密切关系)”可知，参观河南少林寺并进行交流这一经历使得MaxYollando接触中国传统文化，真正与中国传统文化紧密相连。故选B。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“WhenIwasyoung,ItoldmymotherthatIwouldgotoChinatolearnkungfuoneday.Shedidn’tbelieveitatthetime.WhenIgotthere,Iimmediatelycalledherandsaid,‘Mom,guesswhereIam.I’mattheShaolinTemple!’(我小时候告诉妈妈，有一天我会去中国学习功夫。当时她不相信。当我到了那里，我立刻打电话给她说，‘妈妈，猜猜我在哪里。我在少林寺！’)”、第三段“Inlate2016,hehadtheopportunitytovisitthetempleinHenanProvinceonathree-monthexchange.ThisexperiencedefinedhiscloserelationshipwithtraditionalChineseculture.(2016年底，他有机会参观了河南省的寺庙，进行了为期三个月的交流。这段经历决定了他与中国传统文化的密切关系)”以及第四段“InJuly2017,hereturnedtotheShaolinTempleagainandremainedthereforsixyears.Hisyearsatthetemplereading,exercising,practicingkungfuandmeditationgreatlychangedhim,andallowedhimtobetterunderstandandappreciatetraditionalChineseculture.(2017年7月，他再次回到少林寺，在那里待了六年。他在寺庙读书、锻炼、练习功夫和冥想的岁月极大地改变了他，让他更好地理解和欣赏中国传统文化)”可知，Yollando从小就热爱中国功夫，并一直不断学习中国功夫，由此可推知，Yollando是坚持不懈、有决心的。故选B。【27题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Attheendof2022,whenhecompletedhisstudiesatthetemple,hebeganworkingataShaolinculturalcenterinZambia.ThefirstofitskindinAfrica,thecenterishometo30orphans(孤儿),whoaretaughtChineselanguageandtraditionalChineseculture,includingkungfu,aspartofthecourse.(2022年底，当他在少林寺完成学业后，他开始在赞比亚的一个少林文化中心工作。该中心是非洲第一个这样的中心，是30名孤儿的家，他们在课程中学习汉语和中国传统文化，包括功夫)”可知，赞比亚的少林文化中心是30名孤儿的家，是一家慈善机构。故选D。CRecently,asajournalist,Ihavepublishedmanystoriesaboutsocialmedia,privacyandartificialintelligence(AI),amongotherthings.Sowhenachatbot(聊天机器人)toldmethatmyoutputmayhaveinfluenceditsresponsestootherpeople’sprompts(〖提示〗),Irushedtowipemydatafromitsmemory.Iquicklydiscovered,however,thereisnodeletebutton.AI-poweredchatbots,whicharetrainedondatasetsincludingvastnumbersofwebsitesandonlinearticles,neverforgetwhattheyhavelearned.Thatmeanschatbotsarepossibletoletoutsensitivepersonalinformation,ifithasappearedonline,andthatthecompaniesbehindtheseAIswillstruggletomakegoodon“right-to-be-forgotten”regulations,whichforceorganizationstoremovepersonaldataonrequest.ItalsomeanswearepowerlesstostophackerscontrollingAIoutputsby.plantingmisinformationorillinstructionsintrainingdata.AlloftheseexplainwhymanycomputerscientistsarebusyteachingAIstoforget.Whiletheyarefindingthatitisextremelydifficult,“machineunlearning”solutionsarebeginningtoappear.Andtheworkcouldprovevitalbeyondaddressingconcernsoverprivacyandmisinformation.ThenewgenerationofAI-poweredchatbots,whichproducetextinresponsetoourprompts,aresupportedbylargelanguagemodels.Thesearetrainedonmountainsofdata,mostofwhichisdownloadedfromtheInternet.Fromthis,theylearntospotstatistical(统计的)patterns,whichmeanstheycanpredictthelikeliestnextwordinasentence,producingfluentanswerstooureveryquestion.ThetroubleisthewayAIchatbotswork,whichmeansthatwhentheylearnsomething,itcan’tbeforgotten.Thiscreatesasignificantproblemwhenitcomestoprivacy,asDr.Zhangmadeclearinrecentresearch.HehighlightedhowdifficultitwillbeforAIcompaniestoobeythe“righttobeforgotten”,whichtheEuropeanUniondeclaredin2014.28.Whatcauseschatbotstostorewhattheyhavelearnedforever?A.Theirstorageoftrainingdata. B.Theirusers’prompt.C.Strongreviewability. D.Lackofadeletebutton.29.WhydomanycomputerscientiststrytoteachAItoforget?A.Tocopyhumancompletely. B.Tostorelimitedinformation.C.Toupdateregularly. D.Toreducesecurityrisks.30.Whatcanweknowaboutthechatbotsfromparagraph3?A.Theycananswereachquestioncorrectly.B.Theylearnfromthedesigners’limiteddata.C.Theymakeresponsebasedontheprompts.D.Theycanpredictlanguagemodels’future.31.WhatproblemdidDr.ZhanghighlightforAIcompanies?A.Thedifficultyinfollowingthe“righttobeforgotten”.B.ThelackoftechnologicaladvancementsinAI.C.TheoppositionfromtheEuropeanUnion.D.Theconcernsofprivacy.〖答案〗28.A29.D30.C31.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了人工智能的出现给人们带来便利的同时，给用户的隐私泄露也增加了一定的风险和隐患。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“AI-poweredchatbots,whicharetrainedondatasetsincludingvastnumbersofwebsitesandonlinearticles,neverforgetwhattheyhavelearned.”(聊天机器人是基于大量网站和在线文章的数据集进行训练的，这种训练方式导致它们永远记住所学内容。)可知，训练数据的存储导致聊天机器人永远存储它们学到的东西。故选A。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thatmeanschatbotsarepossibletoletoutsensitivepersonalinformation,ifithasappearedonline,andthatthecompaniesbehindtheseAIswillstruggletomakegoodon“right-to-be-forgotten”regulations,whichforceorganizationstoremovepersonaldataonrequest.ItalsomeanswearepowerlesstostophackerscontrollingAIoutputsbyplantingmisinformationorillinstructionsintrainingdata.”(这意味着聊天机器人有可能泄露敏感的个人信息，如果这些信息已经出现在网上，而这些人工智能背后的公司将难以履行“被遗忘权”的规定，这些规定迫使组织根据要求删除个人数据。这也意味着我们无力阻止黑客通过在训练数据中植入错误信息或错误指令来控制人工智能的输出。)可知，可知，科学家们试图教AI忘记是为了减少安全风险。故选D。【30题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“ThenewgenerationofAI-poweredchatbots,whichproducetextinresponsetoourprompts,aresupportedbylargelanguagemodels.”(新一代的人工智能聊天机器人，根据我们的〖提示〗生成文本，由大型语言模型支持。)可知，他们根据〖提示〗做出回应。故选C。【31题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“HehighlightedhowdifficultitwillbeforAIcompaniestoobeythe“righttobeforgotten”,whichtheEuropeanUniondeclaredin2014.”(他强调，人工智能公司要遵守欧盟(EuropeanUnion)在2014年宣布的“被遗忘权”(righttobeforgotten)是多么困难。)可知，张博士对人工智能公司强调了遵循“被遗忘权”的困难。故选A。DToday,wearefacingaglobalwatercrisis:TheUNannouncedfivebillionpeoplewillfacewatershortagesby2050.TheWorldResourcesInstitutestatedthatalmosthalfoftheworld'spopulationisfacinghighwaterstressforatleastonemonthayear.Withtheimpactsofclimatechangeworseningwatershortages,harvestingwaterfromairvapour(蒸气)hasbeenhighlyspokenofbysomeasasustainablesolutiontoglobalfreshwaterinsecurity.PHANTORisaninnovationharvestingwaterfromairvapour.DesignedbytheAustrianstudioDOIT,the40-footlongatmosphericwatergeneratorcanharvest10,000litersofwateradayfromambienthumidity—enoughwatertosupplyaresidentialapartmentblockorhospital.Theatmosphericwatergeneratorsucksinwatervapourandcondenses(凝结)itintoliquidusingacoolingsystempoweredbyelectricityorsolarenergy.Thewaterpassesthroughcarbonandbacterialfilters.Beingavailableintwocompactsizes,40-footand20-footshippingcontainers,makesthemhighlyportablecomparedtoothergeneratormodels.Thismobilitygivesthemthepotentialtoreachremotecommunities,respondtodisastersandservewater-stressedagriculturalsiteseffectively.TheirtechnologywasrecentlyshowcasedattheGREENTECHFESTIVALinSingapore,wherethecompanyusedwaterfromthegeneratortowaterthelocalgardens.TheyestimatethatinaclimatelikeSingapore's,one40-footunitcanproduce2.8millionlitersperyear.Thisiscomparedto600,000litersthatcanbeproducedayearinaclimatelikeGermany's.However,oneofthemaindrawbacksofthistechnologyisthatindustrialscalewatergeneratorsrequireagreatdealofenergytooperate—around70kWtorunoneunit,equaltohalfafootballfieldofsolarpanels.Theyalsoyieldsubstantiallyhigherquantitiesofwaterinmorewetenvironments,andarethereforemoreorlesseffectivedependingontheirgeographiclocation.32.WhatisthepurposeofthePHANTORprogram?A.Torelievewatershortage.B.Topurifypollutedwatersources.C.Tohelppeopleinremoteareasgetwater.D.Tohelppeoplereducetheirdailyconsumption.33.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellusaboutPHANTOR?A.Howitisdesigned. B.Howitrespondseffectively.C.Howitharvestswater. D.Howitdiffersfromothermodels.34.WhydoestheauthormentionthePHANTORinSingaporeinparagraph4?A.Todisplaydifferentwaterusage. B.Toshowthetechnologypotential.C.Toproveeachunithasitsadvantage. D.Topointoutthegenerator'sdrawbacks.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthistext?A.CountriesfacingthepressingissueoflackofwaterB.ChallengesofwatersecurityacrosstheworldC.PopularityoftheatmosphericwatergeneratorD.Aninnovationharvestingwaterfromairvapour〖答案〗32.A33.C34.B35.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了大气水生成器PHANTOR的工作原理、有点和局限性以及在解决全球淡水问题上的潜力。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Today,wearefacingaglobalwatercrisis:TheUNannouncedfivebillionpeoplewillfacewatershortagesby2050.”（今天，我们正面临着全球性的水危机:联合国宣布，到2050年，将有50亿人面临水资源短缺。）根据第二段“PHANTORisaninnovationharvestingwaterfromairvapour.”（PHANTOR是一种从空气蒸汽中收集水分的创新产品。）可知，PHANTOR计划的目的是缓解缺水。故选A项。【33题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Theatmosphericwatergeneratorsucksinwatervapourandcondenses（凝结）itintoliquidusingacoolingsystempoweredbyelectricityorsolarenergy.Thewaterpassesthroughcarbonandbacterialfilters.Beingavailableintwocompactsizes,40-footand20-footshippingcontainers,makesthemhighlyportablecomparedtoothergeneratormodels.”（大气水发生器利用电力或太阳能驱动的冷却系统吸收水蒸气并将其凝结成液体。水通过碳和细菌过滤器。有两种紧凑的尺寸，40英尺和20英尺的集装箱，使它们与其他发电机模型相比非常便携。）可知，第三段主要关于PHANTOR它是如何收获水分的。故选C项。【34题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“TheirtechnologywasrecentlyshowcasedattheGREENTECHFESTIVALinSingapore,wherethecompanyusedwaterfromthegeneratortowaterthelocalgardens.TheyestimatethatinaclimatelikeSingapore's,one40-footunitcanproduce2.8millionlitersperyear.Thisiscomparedto600,000litersthatcanbeproducedayearinaclimatelikeGermany's.”（他们的技术最近在新加坡的绿色科技节上展出，该公司利用发电机的水浇灌当地的花园。他们估计，在新加坡这样的气候条件下，一个40英尺的装置每年可以生产280万升。相比之下，在德国这样的气候条件下，每年可以生产60万升葡萄酒。）可知，在第4段提到新加坡的PHANTOR的目的是展示技术潜力。故选B。【35题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文以及第二段“PHANTORisaninnovationharvestingwaterfromairvapour.DesignedbytheAustrianstudioDOIT,the40-footlongatmosphericwatergeneratorcanharvest10,000litersofwateradayfromambienthumidity—enoughwatertosupplyaresidentialapartmentblockorhospital.”（PHANTOR是一种从空气蒸汽中收集水分的创新产品。这个由奥地利DOIT工作室设计的40英尺长的大气水发生器，每天可以从周围的湿度中收集1万升水，足够供一个住宅公寓楼或医院使用。）可知，短文介绍了大气水生成器PHANTOR的工作原理、有点和局限性以及在解决全球淡水问题上的潜力。所以标题为“一项从水蒸气中收集水分的创新”切题。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thesedays,almosteveryonehasacameraonthemviatheirphone.It’struethatthere’snosubstitute(代替物)foraprofessionalcamerawhenitcomestoquality,butwithafewsimplesteps,youcancapturesomeprettyamazingshotswithyoursmartphonetoo.____36____Herearesometipstohelpyoutakeyoursmartphonephotographytothenextlevel.Takemultipleshots.Oneofthebestthingsaboutsmartphonephotographyisthatyoucantakeasmanyphotosasyouwantandthereisnoneedtoprintthemofftoseetheresults.____37____Burstphotos(连拍照片)aregoodtousewhenyoursubjectmoves.Onceyou’vetakenasetofburstphotos,youcanthenselectthebestshots.____38____Veryfewsmartphonescanproduceexcellentindoorshotsduetotheirsmallsensors.Therefore,it’sbesttotakephotosoutdoorsintheproperlightingconditionstogetbetterresults.Lightingdeterminesnotonlybrightnessanddarkness,butalsomood,toneandtheatmosphereofthephoto.UseHDRmode.____39____Itaddsdetailfromthedarkandlightareastoprovidebetterbalancedexposure.Inotherwords,itwillstoptheskybeingtoobrightorthegroundbeingtoodarkandreallysuitslandscapephotography.Ifthere’sabigdifferencebetweenthelightestanddarkestpartsofyourscene,usingtheHDRfunctionisagoodoption.Edityourphotos.Theeditingtoolsorsomeappsonyourphonecanhelpyouadjustthecolor,brightnessandmore.Afterbeingedited,yourphotoswilllooksignificantlybetter.____40____Finally,ifyouwanttoknowhowtotakeaprofessionalphotowithyourphone,thebesttipofallistopractice!A.Usenaturallight.B.Areyoureadytolearnhow?C.Andyou’lldefinitelybeproudofyourphotos.D.Whycan’twetakegoodphotoswithsmartphones?E.Thismodeisincreasinglycommononmanysmartphones.F.Thismakesitmucheasiertolearnandimprovefromyourresults.G.Trydifferentmodesonyourphonestofindtheproperlightingcondition.〖答案〗36.B37.F38.A39.E40.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些智能手机摄影技巧。【36题详析】根据上文“Thesedays,almosteveryonehasacameraonthemviatheirphone.It’struethatthere’snosubstitute(代替物)foraprofessionalcamerawhenitcomestoquality,butwithafewsimplesteps,youcancapturesomeprettyamazingshotswithyoursmartphonetoo.(如今，几乎每个人的手机上都有摄像头。的确，就质量而言，没有什么可以替代专业相机，但只需几个简单的步骤，你也可以用智能手机拍出一些非常惊人的照片)”以及后文“Herearesometipstohelpyoutakeyoursmartphonephotographytothenextlevel.(这里有一些技巧可以帮助你把你的智能手机摄影提升到一个新的水平)”可知，本句为过渡句，通过设问承上启下，说明学习摄影技巧。故B选项“你准备好学习了吗？”符合语境，故选B。【37题详析】根据上文“Takemultipleshots.Oneofthebestthingsaboutsmartphonephotographyisthatyoucantakeasmanyphotosasyouwantandthereisnoneedtoprintthemofftoseetheresults.(多拍几张。智能手机拍照最棒的一点是，你可以想拍多少就拍多少，而且不需要打印出来看结果)”可知，本句承接上文，总结智能手机不需用打印出来看结果的好处。故F选项“这使你更容易从结果中学习和提高”符合语境，故选F。【38题详析】根据后文“Veryfewsmartphonescanproduceexcellentindoorshotsduetotheirsmallsensors.Therefore,it’sbesttotakephotosoutdoorsintheproperlightingconditionstogetbetterresults.Lightingdeterminesnotonlybrightnessanddarkness,butalsomood,toneandtheatmosphereofthephoto.(由于传感器小，很少有智能手机能拍出出色的室内照片。因此，最好在户外适当的光线条件下拍摄，以获得更好的效果。灯光不仅决定了明暗，还决定了照片的情绪、色调和氛围)”可知，后文提到最好在户外适当的光线条件下拍摄，户外即强调使用自然光。故A选项“使用自然光”符合语境，故选A。【39题详析】根据上文“UseHDRmode.(使用HDR模式)”以及后文“Itaddsdetailfromthedarkandlightareastoprovidebetterbalancedexposure.Inotherwords,itwillstoptheskybeingtoobrightorthegroundbeingtoodarkandreallysuitslandscapephotography.Ifthere’sabigdifferencebetweenthelightestanddarkestpartsofyourscene,usingtheHDRfunctionisagoodoption.(它增加了黑暗和光明区域的细节，以提供更好的平衡曝光。换句话说，它会阻止天空太亮或地面太暗，非常适合风景摄影。如果你的场景中最亮和最暗的部分之间有很大的差异，使用HDR功能是一个不错的选择)”可知，本句承接上文，继续介绍HDR模式的特点。故E选项“这种模式在许多智能手机上越来越普遍”符合语境，故选E。【40题详析】根据上文“Edityourphotos.Theeditingtoolsorsomeappsonyourphonecanhelpyouadjustthecolor,brightnessandmore.Afterbeingedited,yourphotoswilllooksignificantlybetter.(编辑你的照片。手机上的编辑工具或一些应用程序可以帮助你调整颜色、亮度等。经过编辑后，你的照片看起来会好很多)”可知，上文提到了编辑过的照片看起来好很多，本句为本段最后一句，推测说明对照片的感受。故C选项“你一定会为你的照片感到骄傲的”符合语境，故选C。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Marydevelopedundulantfeverattheageof4.Thediseasecancausetemporaryparalysis(瘫痪).____41____,Marywasleftunabletowalkforsometime.Sheisnow92yearsoldandgoestothe____42____twiceaweek.Sheevendrivestherebyherselftotakeexercise,butifyoulookbackatherlifeyou’dnever____43____hertoendupwiththistypeoflife.Undulantfeverisrarenowadaysbutitwascommoninthepastduetomilk____44____.Milkwasoftencontaminated(受污染的)and____45____alotofbacteria(细菌).WhenMary____46____fromthefever,herbodyhadforgottenhowtowalk.____47____,shehadtoteachherselftowalkagain.Onedaywhenherfamilyhadgonetowork,Marywasleftathome.Shedecidedto____48____hermotherwhenshereturned.Mary____49____alldayagainandagain.Whenhermotherreturned,Marysurprisedherbyshowingoffhernew____50____towalk.Ashortdistanceasitwas,hermotherwasextremely____51____.SincethenMary’sfamilyhasshowedmore____52____thanlovetoherforherdetermination.Nowshestillcan’twalkeasilywithouthelp,butshenevergivesup.She____53____goingbecauseofherphilosophy—“IfIgiveup,Iwon’tgetupagain”.Herfamilyareblessedtohavesucha(n)____54____womanasaninspirationfortheirlives.Shewon’tbewiththemfortherestoftheirlives,butshewillcontinuetoinspirethemuntilhertimecomes.Ihopeeverybodycan____55____thegiftofwalking,whichwetakeforgranted,asmuchasMary.41.A.Suddenly B.Unusually C.Accidentally D.Unfortunately42.A.clinic B.restaurant C.church D.gym43.A.persuade B.recommend C.expect D.allow44.A.pollution B.shortage C.promotion D.price45.A.kept B.contained C.produced D.sought46.A.escaped B.retired C.recovered D.returned47.A.Instead B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However48.A.ask B.follow C.surprise D.remind49.A.jumped B.ran C.sang D.practiced50.A.ability B.energy C.potential D.knowledge51.A.annoyed B.disappointed C.excited D.frightened52.A.respect B.anxiety C.interest D.wisdom53.A.forgets B.keeps C.stops D.avoids54.A.honest B.selfless C.courageous D.generous55.A.imagine B.describe C.purchase D.appreciate〖答案〗41.D42.D43.C44.A45.B46.C47.B48.C49.D50.A51.C52.A53.B54.C55.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了玛丽四岁时患了波状热，导致暂时性瘫痪，无法行走。但是玛丽没有放弃，她通过练习重新得到了走路的能力，赢得了家人的尊重，也激励着他人。【41题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，玛丽有一段时间不能走路了。A.Suddenly突然；B.Unusually非常；C.Accidentally意外