新高考英语一轮复习练习考向05 数词(原卷版)

考向05数词【命题解读】 高考对数词的考查常常出现在听力、完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。数词部分主要考查：①基数词的用法②序数词的用法③倍数的表示方法【命题预测】 听力理解对数词的考查主要集中在对各种号码、序列等表述。语法填空对名词数词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中在给出词根进行词类转化，根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词的复数形式等。【名师指导】1.注意数词的基本拼写方法 从近年高考试题看，高考语法填空对数词的考查离不开具体的语境，在语境中考查数词的相关知识。做题时，既要全面、整体地看题干，还要注意分析句子成分，并根据提示词来确定名词的相关考点。通常，涉及名词考点的试题包括：（1）根据语境判断名词的单复数；（2）提示词是形容词、动词等此类，根据句子成分和词缀知识加上相应的后缀变成名词；（3）名词的固定搭配；（4）名词的所有格及名词的其他相关知识2.关注常见的号码及序列等的表述 语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识，解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定考点，试题是考查名词的词类转换，还是考查复数名词、名词的所有格，还是考查主谓一致、名词的固定搭配等，确定了考点之后，再结合其他相关知识来做出正确解答。3.熟悉各种比较级倍数的表达方式 高考对名词的考查注重基础，我们在平时的复习中要打好基础，掌握足够的考纲词汇，并熟知其常见搭配和用法，并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。考向一可数名词的复数(1)规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加－sstudents，teachers，doctors，tables以s，x，ch，sh结尾加－esglasses，dishes，boxes，watches但stomach复数形式直接加s，即stomachs以辅音字母＋y结尾变y为i再加－esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母＋y结尾加－sboys，toys，pianos，photos以f或fe结尾大都变f或fe为v，再加－esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少数加－sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o结尾通常加－sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加－esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes【名师点睛】①以－o结尾的下列名词要加－es，它们是＂黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿＂，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。 但下列以－o结尾的名词既可以加－es，也可以加－s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos(mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。②以－f或－fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves，它们是＂为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半＂，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。但下列以－f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加－ves，也可以直接加－s，如：handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕。③名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如：womandoctor→womendoctors(2)不规则变化①自身有特殊变化的名词 child孩子→children man男人→men tooth牙→teeth foot脚，英尺→feet mouse老鼠→mice phenomenon现象→phenomena medium传播媒介→media②常见单复数同形的名词： Chinese中国人；sheep绵羊；deer鹿；series系列；means方式；works工厂；fish鱼；fruit水果等。 其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。 ☞Somedeerareeatinggrassatthebottomofthehill. ☞Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried,butnonehasworked.③合成名词的复数形式： son-in-law→sons-in-law passer-by→passers-by story-teller→story-tellers【名师点睛】名词+名词时，仅将后面的名词变复数：girlstudent→girlstudents但是man/woman+名词时，前后都要变为复数：womansinger→womensingers【典例示例】1.（2019•江苏卷高考）Nowadaysthe___________fortravellingisshiftedfromshoppingtofoodandscenery.A.priority B.potential Cproportion D.pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A.priority优先；优先权；B.potential潜在的，可能的；C.proportion比例，占比；D.pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。2.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）Wecanobservethatartificialintelligencehasalreadymadea(n)___________onourlivesinmanyways.A.statement B.impactC.impression D.judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。statement＂陈述说明＂；impact＂强烈的影响，冲击力＂；impression＂印象，感想＂；judgement＂判断力判断＂。故选B。3.（2018·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466that/whichshowedamerefiveto10【答案】causes【解析】考查单复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。4.（2018·全国新课标卷I·短文改错）Lastwinterwhen【答案】chicken改为chickens【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozensof可知，其后用名词复数形式。5.（2018·全国新课标卷Ⅱ·短文改错）Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.【答案】sort改为sorts【解析】sort在此意为＂种类＂，是可数名词，和all搭配时用复数形式。故将sort改为sorts.6.（2017·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（医学界）asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.【答案】effects【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是＂一些不为人知的副作用＂，根据前文的some可知＂sideeffect＂(副作用)有很多，故填effects。【检测过关】1.Itwasreportedthattwo________haddiedofcoldlastwinter.A.hundredsoldpeople B.hundredoldpeopleC.hundredsofoldpeople D.hundredofoldpeople2.___________oftheboysinourclass___________goingtojointhearmy.A.Twofifths;is B.Secondfifths;areC.Secondfifths;is D.Twofifths;are3.Itisnotrareinthatpeoplefiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation.A.90s;the B.the90s;/ C.90s;their D.the90s;their4.Onthedouble11thday,myuncle’sonlinestorehassuccessfullysold_____shoesaslastyear,thatis,itcanhardlymake______progress.A.asmanytwice;worse B.asmanytwice;badC.twiceasmany;good D.twiceasmany;better5.Light-to-moderatesmokerswere________todieofsuddenheartproblemsthanthosewhohadneversmoked.A.astwicelikely B.twicemorepossibleC.twicemorelikely D.astwicepossible6.It’ssaidthatthepowerplantisnow________largeaswhatitwas.A.twiceas B.astwice C.twicemuch D.muchtwice7.ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbe________thepresentone.A.threetimesasbigas B.asthreetimesbigasC.asbigasthreetimes D.asbigthreetimesas8._______peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye-maileveryday.A.Severalmillion B.ManymillionsC.Severalmillions D.Manymillion9.Withpricesrisingsharply,wenowhavetospend_______threemonthsagoonbasiclivingmaterials.A.astwicemuchas B.twiceasmuchasC.twiceasmorethan D.twiceasmanyas10.Goodnews!Wedidn’tspendwehadexpected.A.ashalfmuchmoneyas B.muchmoneyashalfasC.asmuchmoneyashalf D.halfasmuchmoneyas11.WeChinesearedrinking______milkperpersontodayaswedidin1995.A.morethantwice B.twiceasmuchC.twiceasmanyas D.twiceasmuchas12.–WhatdoyouthinkofObama’saddresstothenation?--Ilike___ofwhathesaid.Personally,It’sasuccess.A.many B.few C.much D.little13..Theywanttoemploy90people,__________lastyear.A.threetimesasmanyas B.morethanthreetimesC.asthreetimesas D.threetimesthattheydid14.Thereare_____thingsmoreimportanttosocietythaneducatingchildrenandprovidinghealthcaretofamilies.A.few B.afew C.more D.many15.ChristchurchisNewZealand’s______cityafterAuckland.A.secondlarge B.secondlarger C.secondlargest D.thesecondlarge16.Muchtohissurprise，heinvitedonlytwentyfriendstothedinner，but____came.A.twiceasmanyas B.asmanyastwice C.twiceasmany D.twicemorethan17.Ourcityhasdevelopedintoabigcity,whichis______itusedtobe.A.fourtimeslargerthanthat B.fourtimesthesizeofwhatC.fourtimesthesizelargerthanwhat D.asfourtimesthesizeasthat18.LastyearJohnearned_______hisbrotherdid,whohasabetterpositioninabiggercompany.A.twiceasmanyas B.twiceasmuchasC.twiceasmoreas D.twicemuchas19.About5,000menandwomencompetedformedalsin________21stWinterOlympicGames.A.a B.the C.an D./20.Thenumberoftrafficaccidentscausedbydrinkingis_____asthenumberofthosecausedbynon-drinkingdriving.A.twiceasmany B.manyastwice C.astwicelarge D.twiceaslarge21.ThecoatIboughtyesterdayisnotexpensiveatall.Asamatteroffact,Iwouldgladlyhavepaid______forit.A.asmuchtwice B.muchastwiceC.astwicemuch D.twiceasmuch22.Thenewplaygroundtobebuiltnextyearwillbe____________theoldone.A.asthreetimesbigas B.threetimesasbigasC.asbigasthreetimes D.asbigthreetimesas23.Therewas________rainlastyear.A.alot B.anumberof C.agreatdealof D.agreatmany24.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced________carsin2009astheyearbefore.A.astwicemore B.asmanytwiceC.morethantwiceasmany D.twicemorethanas25.Thereare________booksinourlibrary.A.hundredsof B.hundredof C.fivehundreds D.fivehundredof26.Ispent300dollarsontheovercoat,butinfactitwasworth______.A.twiceasmuch B.twicemuchas C.muchastwice D.asmuchtwice27.Thephenomenonthattheearthisbecomingwarmerhasattracted________attention.A.ahugenumberof B.alargesumofC.agreatdealof D.agreatmany28.Withthehelpoftheforeignexperts,thisfactoryproduced________carspartsin2006astheyearbefore.A.Astwicemany B.asmanyastwice C.astwiceasmany D.twiceasmany29.Paperbagsproducedeveryyearare_______theworld’sproductionofvehicles.A.threetimeweightof B.asthreetimesheavyasC.threetimestheweightof D.threetimesasheavieras30.IntheUK,peopleconsume________meatproductssuchaschicken,beef,porkandlamb.A.alargeamountof B.aplentyof C.alargequantity D.quantitiesof31.Asia,intheeastoftheworld,isfourtimesEurope.A.Locating...aslargeas B.located...thesizeofC.locating...largerthan D.located...aslargerthan32.Lily’sdresslookedjustthesameasRose’s,butitcost_________hers.A.astwicemuchas B.asmuchastwiceasC.twiceasmuchas D.asmuchtwiceas33._______theteacherswhopaidavisittoourschoolthisyearwassmallerthanthatoflastyear.A.Thenumberof B.Anumberof C.Agreatdealof D.Plentyof34.—David,howoldisyourfatherthisyear?—______.Andwejusthadaspecialpartyforhis_____birthdaylastweekend.A.Fortieth;forty B.Forty;forty C.Forty;fortieth D.Fortieth;fortieth35.Theoutputofthisyearisthreetimes______itwasin2015.A.as B.than C.what D.that36.Thatmultinationalcompanyisadoptinganaggressiveexpandingstrategy,andsofarithasrecruited________intheyearof2015astheydidtwoyearsago.A.threetimesasmanynewemployees B.threetimesmanynewemployeesC.threetimesasmanyasnewemployees D.threetimesmorenewemployeesthan37.EvenbeforeQE2(QueenElizabeththeSecond),theFedhad$2.3trillionworthofpropertyonthatlist,twoandahalftimes

________ownedbeforethefinancialcrisis.A.asit B.what

itC.whatis D.asis38.Itissaidthattherailwaystationisnow_________largeaswhatitwas.A.twiceas B.astwice C.twicemuch D.muchtwice39.Mysisterhascollectedmaps