新高考英语一轮复习练习考向16 主谓一致(原卷版)

考向16主谓一致高考主谓一致的知识结构一致原则考点详解例句语法一致1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.2.由连接词and或both……and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。LucyandLilyaretwins.SheandIareclassmates.Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.3.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，togetherwith，except，but，like，aswellas，ratherthan，morethan，nolessthan，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。Mr.Green，togetherwithhiswifeandchildren，hascometoChina.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.She，likeyouandTom，isverytall.4.either，neither，each，every或no+单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。Eachofushasanewbook.Everythingaroundusismatter.5.在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.6.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。ClassFourisonthethirdfloor.ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.注：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.7.由＂alotof，lotsof，plentyof，therestof，themajorityof+名词＂构成的短语以及由＂分数或百分数+名词＂构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Therestofthelectureiswonderful.50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.注：anumberof与thenumberof的区别8.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.逻辑一致1.what，who，which，any，more，all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。Whichisyourbag？Whichareyourbags？Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.2.表示＂时间、重量、长度、价值＂等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.Tenmilesistoolong.3.若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。＂TheArabianNights＂isaninterestingstorybook.4.表数量的短语＂oneandahalf＂后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.一致原则考点详解例句逻辑一致5.算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。Twelvepluseightistwenty.Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.6.一些学科名词是以–ics结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics以及news，works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.Ithinkphysicsisn‘teasytostudy.7.trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes，jeans等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a（the）pairof等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Myglassesarebroken.Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.

8.＂定冠词the+形容词或分词＂，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。Theoldaretakengoodcareof.9.a(large)quantityof修饰可数或不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.注意：quantities一般用复数。Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.10.agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;largeamountsof修饰不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.就近一致1.当两个主语由either…or，neither…nor，whether…or…，notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.2.therebe句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.Here引导的句子用法同上。如：Hereisamapandahandbookforyou.一、语法一致 语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。单数n.，不可数n.,不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。 ☛Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm. ☛Timeismoney. ☛Tofinishalltheworkontimeisimpossible. ☛Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes. ☛Thechildrenareintheclassroom2hoursago.◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。 ☛WhatIboughtwere3Englishbooks. ☛WhatIsayanddoarehelpfultoyou.由and或both...and连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。 ☛LucyandLilyaretwins. ☛SheandIarefriends. ☛BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。 ☛Thewriterandartisthascome.◆由and连接的并列单数主语前分别有each,every,nomorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 ☛Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom. ☛Noboyandnogirllikesit.主语后面有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。☛MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.☛NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.☛She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.either,neither,each,every或no+单数neither/neither/noneof＋复数名词，还有some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。☛Eachofushasanewbook.☛Everythingaroundusismatter.☛Neitherofthetextsisinteresting.NoneofushasbeentoSouthAfrica.定语从句中，关系代词that,which,who作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。☛Heisoneofmystudentswhoareworkinghard.☛Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.【典例分析】1.（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65thanwalking,cyclingorswimming.【答案】is【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，表示单数概念。故填is。2.Heisoneofthemostselfishmenthat_______everlived;that’swhyhardly_______makingfriendswithhim.A.has；anyonelikes B.have；doesanyonelikeC.has；noonelikes D.have；anyonelikes【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men，因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数，oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词，因此第一个空用have；后半句译为＂那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因＂，hardly表示＂几乎不＂，根据句意，后面应是肯定句，故排除C项；hardly作为否定副词放在句首时，句子才使用倒装语序，因此排除B项。故选D项。集体名词family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。☛Hisfamilyisahappyone.☛ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.☛ThepopulationofChinais1400million.(人口)☛Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.(人)◆people,cattle,police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。由alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。☛Therestofthelectureiswonderful.☛Alotoftimeiswasted.☛Alotofpeopletakepartinthemeeting.☛2/3waterisdrunkbyhim.☛2/3studentsareabsent.倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。☛Onthewallaremanypictures.☛Suchistheresult.☛Sucharethefacts.【典例分析】（2018·浙江卷·语法填空）FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese56(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.【答案】dishes【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。二、意义一致原则表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。☛Twentyminutesisenoughforthework.☛OnehundreddollarsisstolenfromtheATM.如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。☛TheArabianNightsisaninterestingstorybook.oneandahalf＋复数n.，谓语动词用单数。☛Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.算是中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除）表示学科的以-ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。☛Physicsisanimportantsubjectinmiddleschools.☛Mathematicsisthestudyofnumbers.☛Politics,economics,athletics等。复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。☛Theglassworkswasbuiltupin1980.☛Theseglassworksareneartherailwaystation.由两部分组成的名词，trousers,glasses,shorts,scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。apairof等量词时，视情况而定。The＋adj.表示一类人，作主语时用复数。 ☛Theyoungareusuallyveryactive. ☛Theoldarelonely.三、就近一致原则就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1.当两个主语由either…or，neither…nor，whether…or…，notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 ☛NeitherhisparentsnorIamabletopersuadehimtochangehismind. 他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。2.therebe句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 ☛Thereare

two

pens，a

book

and

three

pencils

on

the

desk.书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。 ☛There

isa

book，two

pens

and

three

pencils

on

the

desk.

书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。

3.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 ☛Hereisamapandahandbookforyou.这是一张你的地图和一本手册。 Sucharethefacts. 事实就是如此。4.就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。 主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as

well

as，as

much

as，along

with，with，like，rather

than，

together

with，but，except，besides，including，in

addition

to等。 ☛Your

sister

as

well

as

your

parents

is

very

kind

to

me.你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。 ☛She，like

you

and

betty，is

very

clever.像你和betty一样，她也很聪明。

【典例分析】Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren___________skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A.isgoing B.go C.goes D.aregoing【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在冬天的每个星期天下午，这位父亲和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河面上滑冰。当aswellas连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与aswellas前面的名词或代词保持一致。本题的谓语动词应与Thefather保持一致，用单数形式；由时间状语everySundayafternoon可知，本句应用一般现在时。故选C项。四、＂名词+介词短语＂作主语名词或代词后接aswellas，with，alongwith，togetherwith，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。☛Sheaswellasotherstudentslikesplayingcomputergames.她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。☛Hewithhisparentsisworkinginthefields.他正和他的父母在地里干活。☛Nobodybutyouandmeknowsit.除了你和我，没人知道。五、不定代词作主语1.当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。☛Eachstudenthasabook.每一个学生都有一本书。☛Eitheransweriscorrect.两个答案都是正确的。☛Neitherparentiswithhim.他的父母都没有和他在一起。☛Everyminuteisimportanttous.每一分钟对大家都很重要。2.当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。☛Somebodyiswaitingforyououtside.有人在外面等你。☛Iseverybodyheretoday?今天大家都到了吗?☛Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.我的手表出故障了。☛Nobodywasawayyesterday.昨天没有人离开。【典例分析】Allweneed___________asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.A.are B.was C.is D.were【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句中的主语为代词all，代指的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的水果树。故C正确。六、特殊名词作主语1.国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。☛TheUnitedStatesliestotheeastofChina.美国在中国的东方。(国名)☛Engelswasgoodatlearningforeignlanguages.恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)2.＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。☛Thesickaretakengoodcareof.病人得到很好的照顾。☛Theoldaresupposedtobespokentopolitely.跟老人讲话要有礼貌。3.以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。☛Physicsisverydifficultformetolearn.物理对我来讲很难学。☛Thenewswasveryexciting.这条新闻十分激动人心。4.单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。☛AChinesewantstoseeyou.一个中国人想见你。☛Tensheepareeatinggrassthere.那边有10只绵羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。TheChinesespeakChinese.中国人说汉语。七、表数量概念的词或短语作主语1.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。☛Tenyearshaspassedquickly.10年很快就过去了。☛Tendollarsisenough.10美元就够了。☛100kilometersisalongway.100千米是一段很长的路。2.加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。☛Twoandtwois/arefour.2加2等于4。☛Sixtimesoneis/aresix.6乘以1等于6。3.＂manya/morethanone+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。☛Thereismorethanoneanswer.有不止一个答案。☛Manyastudenthaspassedtheexam.许多学生通过了考试。4.＂oneandahalf+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。☛OneandahalfdaysisallIcanspare.一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。☛Oneandahalfpearsisleftontheplate.一个半梨被留在盘子里。5.therestof...短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。☛Therestofthebikesareonsale.余下的自行车降价出售。☛Therestofthebreadisgone.剩余的面包不见了。6.＂noneof+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。☛Noneofthedogswas/werethere.那儿没有狗。7.＂anumberof+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂thenumberof+名词复数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。☛Anumberoffarmersarestandingoverthere.许多农民站在那边。☛Thenumberofthestudentsinthisschoolhasreachedover2，000.这所学校的学生数量已达到2000多人。8.＂alotof/lotsof/plentyof+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。☛Alotoftimeisneeded.需要大量的时间。☛Plentyofworkersareworking.许多工人在工作。八、动名词、不定式和从句作主语动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。☛Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforyourbody.做早操对你的身体有益。☛Toplaywithfirenearagasstationisverydangerous.在加油站附近玩火很危险。☛Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.他在会上的发言很重要。【典例分析】Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents________around$8，450ayear,which________aburdenforsomeofthem.A.are；is B.are；are C.is；are D.is；is【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：那所大学估计，对国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是8450美元，这对他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是livingexpenses，是复数，因此谓语动词用复数；第二空的主语是which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数。【巧学妙记】主谓一致记忆口诀单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。有些名词谓常复，people、police即这般。主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。manya作主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。or、nor、butalso、therebe，近主原则挂嘴边。关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见，rest，means，following等，意义决定其复、单。none，all，halfof等，of之宾语定答案。还有分数、百分数，仍据of之宾定复、单。代词all指人谓复数，all指事情谓用单。量词用法请注意，谓语要随量词变。and连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠。no，each，every后单名，两种事物一概念。以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。形容词带the一类人，姓氏复数加定冠，-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。代词neither，either，each，用作主语谓全单。【检测训练】1.Largequantitiesofinformation,aswellastimelyhelp________tousoverthepast2years.A.havebeenoffered B.hasbeenofferedC.wasoffered D.hadbeenoffered2.Atthattime________twoimportantplayers________abigproblemforLangPing.A.tolose;is B.losing;wasC.lose;was D.losing;is3.NowMr.Lee,alongwithallhisstudents,________discussingReadingSkillswhichwasnewlypublishedinAmerica.A.is B.are C.havebeen D.hadbeen4.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents________toperformattheopeningceremonylastyear.A.wereinvited B.wasinvited C.havebeeninvited D.hasbeeninvited5.Mr.Wangwastheonlyoneofthemost________teacherswho________praisedonTeachers'Day.A.inspiring;was B.inspired;was C.inspiring;were D.inspired;were6.Manyaquarrel________throughamisunderstanding.A.hascomeacross B.hascomeabout C.havecomeout D.havecomeup7.-WhenisJackgoingtofinishwritingthatessay?Idon'tknow.He_______dayinanddayoutA.hasbeenworking B.hasworkedC.hadbeenworking D.wasworking8.It____MadameCurieandhishusbandPierrewhodiscoveredradium.A.is B.was C.are D.were9._________yourteacher_____fromthemveryoften?Certainly.A.Do,hear B.Does,hear C.Do,receive D.Does.receive10.Whichteacher_________lessonstoyoueveryday?A.doesgives B.doesgive C.dogive D.gives11.Ifeelitisyouaswellasyourwifethat______foryourson'sbadperformanceatschool.A.aretoblame B.istobeblamedC.aretobeblamed D.istoblame12.Haveyoureadalltheinformationthatthiscase?A.relate B.relateto C.relatesto D.relates13.Sittingovertherewasthestudentwhotheythought__________tospeakattheopeningceremony.A.selected B.selecting C.wasselected D.selects14.Amongthosepresents_____aniPadthathisfathergavehimforhisbirthday.A.haveincluded B.isincluded C.hasincluded D.areincluded15.ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which______bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens’sstatusasaleadingnovelist.A.havebeen B.were C.was D.willbe16.—HowmuchdoyouknowaboutNolan’s’newfilmtobereleasednextmonth?—Well.theMovieChannel________itinavarietyofforms.A.covers B.covered C.hascovered D.willcover17.Theevidencesuggeststhatsinglefathers____morelikelytoworkthansinglemothers.A.shouldbe B.are C.\ D.be18.HowtoprotectchildrenfromunsuitablematerialonsomewebsiteswhileencouragingthemtousetheInternet__________inmanyareasoftheworld.A.havelongbeendiscussed B.haslongbeendiscussedC.werelongbeendiscussed D.waslongbeendiscussed19.Thisisoneofthelargestfactoriesbeenrebuiltsincelastyear.A.whichhave B.thathave C.whichhas D.thathas20.Thenumberofpeopleintheworld________about6billionandlargequantitiesofwaste_______eachyear.A.total;hasbeenproduced B.totals;isproducedC.totals;areproduced D.total;arebeingproduced21.Generallyspeaking,tiredness_____directly______adriver’sresponsetime.A.is;relateto B.is;relatedto C.be;relatingto D.be;relatedto22.Overthepastdecade,thenumberofMonarchbutterflies_____________significantly.A.hasfallen B.fell C.isfalling D.havefallen23.Thebookwithcartoonsinthem__________intendedforchildrenaged2-8.A.havebeen B.is C.are D.were24.Thenewly-publishednovelissopopularthatmorethanonecopysoldout.A.havebeen B.hasbeen C.have D.are25.WetravelledinEuropeandvisitedsomecavesthatearlyVikingtimesinabout800A.D.A.datebackto B.aredatedbackto C.weredatedfrom D.datingfrom26.Asweknow,twothirdsoftheearth_________coveredwithwater..A.are B.was C.is D.were27.ZhongNanshan,aswellasthreeotheroutstandingmedicalworkers,__________thehighesthonorofourcountrylastmonth.A.areawarded B.isawarded C.wereawarded D.wasawarded28.Theproposalthatsmartdevicesshouldcarrysecuritylabelswasintroducedavoluntarybasisatfirst,which_______theresearchfindingsthatthesedeviceswereabletoputconsumers'privacyandsecurityatrisk.A.on,basedon B.by,basedonC.on,wasbasedon D.by,wasbasedon29.Atthefootofthemountain____________afamily,________membersmakealivingbyraisingcattleandsheep.A.lives,its B.lives,whose C.live,where D.live,whose30.Meat_______outinthisshop.Wecan_________now.A.havebeensold,getnothing B.hasbeensold,getnothingC.hasbeensold,getsome D.havebeensold,getsome31.Officialssaythatfewpatients____withtheCOVID-19owingtotheeffectiveprevention.A.infected B.haveinfected C.beinfected D.areinfected32.Thechurchtowerwhich__________nowwillbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.A.hasbuilt B.hasbeenbuilt C.isbuilding D.isbeingbuilt33.Visitorshavenoaccess______theremainsofthebuildingthat_______beingstudiedbythearchaeologists.A.to;was B.of;was C.of;were D.to;were34.Largequantitiesofmoney_________spentontheprojectsofar;itisenough.A.is B.were C.hasbeen D.havebeen35.ItisyouratherthanLucywho________fortheaccident.A.istoblame B.istobeblamedC.shouldblame D.aretoblame36.________nothingtodowithus.A.Whatshedidhave B.WhatshedidisC.Whatdidshedohas D.Whatshehasdonehas37.Alotofnewwoodenfurniture,aswellassomelatesthouseholdappliances,________bytheSmithsforthe