新高考英语一轮复习练习考向31 完形填空之记叙文类(原卷版)

考向31完形填空之记叙文类文体分析记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个"W"(what,who,when,where,why)和一个"H"(how)。记叙文的重点在于"述说"和"描写"，因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。1.叙述的人称英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过"我"来传达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。如：Theotherday,Iwasdrivingalongthestreet.Suddenly,acarlostitscontrolandrandirectlytowardsmefast.IwassofrightenedthatIquicklyturnedtotheleftside.Butitwastoolate.ThecarhitmybikeandIfelloffit.用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受"我"活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如：LittleTomwasgoingtoschoolwithanumbrella,foritwasraininghard.Ontheway,hesawanoldwomanwalkingintherainwithnothingtocover.Tomwentuptotheoldwomanandwantedtosharetheumbrellawithher,buthewastooshort.Whatcouldhedo?Thenhehadagoodidea.2.动词的时态在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。3.叙述的顺序记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。4.叙述的过渡过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如：Inmysummerholidays,Ididalotofthings.Apartformdoingmyhomework,readinganEnglishnovel,watchingTVanddoingsomehousework,IwentonatriptoQingdao.Itisreallyabeautifulcity.Therearemanyplacesofinteresttosee.Butwhatimpressedmemostwasthesunrise.ThenextmorningIgotupearly.Iwasveryhappybecauseitwasafineday.BythetimeIgottothebeach,thecloudsonthehorizonwereturningred.Inalittlewhile,asmallpartofthesunwasgraduallyappearing.Thesunwasveryred,notshining.Itroseslowly.Atlastitbrokethroughtheredcloudsandjumpedabovethesea,justlikeadeep-redball.Atthesametimethecloudsandtheseawaterbecameredandbright.Whatamovingandunforgettablescene!5.叙述与对话引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果：Iwasinthekitchen,andIwascookingsomething.SuddenlyIheardaloudnoisefromthefront.Ithoughtmaybesomeonewasknockingthedoor.IaskedwhoitwasbutIheardnoreply.AfterawhileIsawmycatrunningacrosstheparlor.Irealizeditwasthecat.Ifeltreleased.这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把"悬念"给冲淡了。可作如下调整：Iwasinthekitchencookingsomething."Crash!"aloudnoisecamefromthefront.Thinkingsomeonewasknockingatthedoor,Iasked,"Who?"Noreply.Afterawhile,Isawmycatrunningacrosstheparlor."Itsyou."Isaid,quitereleased.题型分析一、题型解读记叙文类完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式，记叙时间、地点、人物和事件等，文章长度在300词左右。文章首句一般不设空，以情景意义考查为主，淡化对语法的考查，4个选项词类相同，设空以实词为主，即动词、名词、形容词、副词为主，虚词为辅，即介词、连词，代词为辅，几乎不涉及情态动词与冠词。近几年记叙文文体完形填空的选文突出了叙述上的灵活性、事件的趣味性和教育性，再加上生词量的增大，及复合句的增多，考生在此题上的失分仍然很严重。因此，如在读懂原文的情况下减少失误是目前考生面临的重大问题。二、解答技巧1.细读文章首句，推测全文内容完形填空通常首句是一个完整的句子，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，是理解全文大意的一扇窗户，所以理解首句信息显得很重要。一般情况下，高考完形填空首句不设空。少数情况下，即使设空，也是在句子末尾，不影响考生对句意的把握。【典例示例】Myprevioushomehadastandofwoodsbehinditandmanyanimalsinthebackyard.Thatfirstyear,I11feedingpeanutstothebluejays,thenthesquirrels.Thesquirrelshadno12cominguprighttomeforthem.Asthemonthswentby,therabbitssawthatIwasno13anddidn'tescape.【解析】根据首句，确定出本文讲述的主题：“我”以前家的后面有一片树林，在后院有很多动物；国绕这一主题展开故事。11.A.avoidedB.startedC.canceledD.suggested【解析】：第一年，“我”开始给冠蓝码喂花生吃，然后又喂松鼠。startdoingsth.“开始做某事”12.A.businessB.funC.problemD.privilege【解析】：松鼠毫无困难（problem),直接上来享用花生。13.A.helpB.cheatC.threatD.exception【解析】：几个月过去了，兔子见“我”没有威胁，不逃走了。threat"威胁”，符合语境。【答案】：11.B12.C13.C2.通读全文，理清各个角色一般来说，记叙文有两个或两个以上的角色，作者对这些角色的态度是不一样的，即便是对做同样一件事的人，作文突出了叙述上的灵者也不一定采用同样的态度来描述。只有把握好每个人物生词量的增大，及复：的特点和内心世界，才能更好地定位文章的中心思想，更准然很严重。因此，如何确地选出答案。【典例示例】IpassedthecleancombbacktoDad.Hesmiledatmeand41placedhiscombonhiswallet.Butthistime,Inoticedsomething42.Dadhadaged.Hehadwrinklesnexttohiseyeswhenhesmiled,43hissmilewasstillas44asbefore,thesmileofafatherwhojustwantedagood45forhisfamily.41.A.firmlyB.hurriedlyC.casuallyD.carefully【解析】：父亲对“我”笑了笑，小心地（carefully)把梳子放在他的钱包上。firmly“坚决地”，hurriedly“匆忙地”，casually“随便地”，均不符合文意。42.A.differentB.excitingC.interestingD.urgent【解析】：但是，这一次，“我”注意到一些不同的（different)事情后文中的“Dadhadaged.Hehadwrinkles...”也是暗示。43.A.forB.orC.soD.yet【解析】：根据空处上下文的语境可知，此处表示意思上的转折，故要用yet“然而，但是”。44.A.convincingB.heartwarmingC.cautiousD.innocent【解析】：父亲的微笑仍然像以前一样令人感到幸福快乐(heartwarming)。convincing"令人信服的，有说服力的”；cautious"谨慎的，十分小心的”；innocent"无辜的，无罪的”，均不符合文意。45.A.originB.lifeC.reputationD.education【解析】：从父亲的笑中，作者体会到父亲是想让自己的家人有好的生活（life)。【答案】：41.D42.A43.D44.B45.B3.理顺事件线索，找准发展方向记叙文一般按事件发展的顺序来叙述（有时用倒叙）,正确把握文章的发展顺序对把握文章的主脉有着重要的意义。因此，在选择答案时要事先理清人物间的关系及各自所做的事情。【典例示例】Obediently(顺从地）,myclasslaytheirheadsontheirdesks,closedtheireyesand42.Whenthemusicstarted,theroomwasfilledwiththemostbeautifultonesandmusicalcolorsIcouldhaveeverimagined.Allthechildrenwere43.Whenthemusicfinished,Iaskedthemalltoraisetheir44slowlysothatwecouldshareourmusicaljourneys.42.A.sleptB.noddedC.waitedD.continued【解析】：学生们趴在课桌上，闭着眼睛，等待（waited)着播放音乐。43.A.talkingB.singingC.dancingD.listening【解析】：根据前一句的“Whenthemusicstarted”可知，此处指所有学生都在听着音乐。故选D。44.A.legsB.headsC.armsD.shoulders【解析】：根据前一句的“Whenthemusicstarted”可知，此处指所有学生都在听着音乐。故选D。【答案】：42.C43.D44.B4.描摩作者意图，弄清蕴含哲理记叙文一般通过一件平常事来说明一个人生哲理，或作者的感悟，因此把握好其中的道理，对理解细节有更为准确的作用。注意不要把自己的观点放到文章中去，一切都以作者或主人公的态度和观点为线索展开。【典例示例】It37methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat38momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.39isthebestteacher.Thelessonstheylearnedmaynotbe40whattheywouldhavegotteninschool,butarecertainlymorepersonalandmeaningful,becausetheyhadtoworkthemoutontheirown.37.A.confusedB.struckC.remindedD.warned【解析】：这不由让作者想起和其他队比赛也是一个难得的学习机会。Itstrikessb.that...“让某人突然想到……”，为固定句型。38.A.touchingB.thinkingC.encouragingD.learning【解析】：本句与文章首句“Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething"还有下文Thelessonstheylearnedmanot...照应。39.A.ExperienceB.IndependenceC.CuriosityD.Interest【解析】：结合上文的比赛情况可知，“经验”是最好的老师。40.A.harmfultoB.mixedwithC.differentfromD.appliedto【解析】：这些经验与她们在学校学到的东西可能不会有太大的“不同”，但是肯定更加深入、更加有意义，因为这她们自己摸索出来的。differentfrom"与……不同”，符合语境。【答案】：37.B38.D39.A40.C5.把握时间线索，做出正确判断有些记叙文叙述一件事，故事情节随着时间而不断推进。我们可以抓住里面的时间线索，利用情节的变化来巧妙地做出判断。【典例示例】Thatsecondyear,therabbits15me,andonewouldevensitupforslices!...Byyearthree,therabbitsandthegroundhogwereback.Thegroundhog23didn'thaveaproblemwithmescratchingherback,andIgotanidea.15.A.fearedB.ignoredC.discoveredD.remembered【解析】：第二年，兔子记得“我”，甚至有一只会坐着享用胡萝卜片。remember"想起，记得”。23.A.alsoB.thusC.justD.still【解析】：第三年，兔子和土拨鼠回来了。“我”用手指抓挠土拨鼠的背仍然（still)没有困难。【答案】：15.D23.D【检测训练】1Therearegoodstoriestobefoundinnearlyeveryvolunteerexperience.ButLaurieScottispositivethat1anexchangestudentproducessomeofthegreatest.Asalong-timevolunteerwithanagencythathelps2studentsconnectwithwarmandcaring3duringtheirtimeintheUS,Scotseesfirst-handboththehumorandtheverydeeplymeaningfuloutcomes.Scott4Christine,forexample,astudentfromNorway.5atarestaurantoneday,Christinewasaskedifshewantedasouporsalad.ThegirlturnedtoScottwith6,“WhywouldIwantasupersalad?”Tryingnottolaughtoohard,Scott7thatwhatthewaiterhadaskedwaswhethershewanted“souporsalad”.Scottandherhusband8volunteeredtobeahostfamilyinAugust2003.TheyhadjustmovedtoLasVegas,andshewaslookingforawaytogetconnectedinthecommunity.“Theconceptofhelping9worldpeacethroughunderstandingiswhatmakesme10.ThroughtheagencyIhavefoundthebestpartofmycommunityinourgreatfamiliesandhavebeenabletosharethe11sideoftheUSwithourstudents.”Timeandagain,her12toservicehasopenedhearts.Infact,shesays,oneoftheiramazingexperiencescamefrom13onehostedstudent,ayoungmanfromGermanynamedJens,abouthowAmericansvolunteer.InGermany,whereyoungpeopleare14tospendayearservinginthearmy,volunteerserviceis15.Therefore,Jenswasso16bytheconceptofgivingthathe17theagencytohelppromoteexchanges,andbecameveryinvolvedwithlocalschools.18allstoriesthatcomeoutofinternationalexchange,there’sa(an)19inthisone:Openingourheartsand20issomethingwecanalldo.1.A.adopting B.hosting C.raising D.teaching2.A.international B.promising C.needy D.urban3.A.relatives B.colleges C.houses D.friends4.A.misses B.remembers C.praises D.loves5.A.Queuing B.Working C.Calling D.Ordering6.A.surprise B.anger C.delight D.fear7.A.announced B.realised C.explained D.concluded8.A.obviously B.frequently C.probably D.originally9.A.makeup B.giveaway C.takeover D.bringabout10.A.talented B.involved C.organized D.relaxed11.A.familiar B.flexible C.positive D.controversial12.A.sacrifice B.devotion C.response D.addiction13.A.teaching B.reminding C.questioning D.warning14.A.required B.advised C.determined D.considered15.A.compulsory B.widespread C.valid D.unusual16.A.frightened B.relieved C.attracted D.challenged17.A.founded B.inspired C.joined D.permitted18.A.Except B.Like C.Ratherthan D.Regardlessof19.A.difference B.anecdote C.amusement D.lesson20.A.minds B.homes C.eyes D.schools2RaeganLawrenceisan11-year-oldstudentandbandmemberatBonaireMiddleSchool,incentralGeorgia,USA.Overthepastseveralmonths,shehasusedthegrief(悲痛)andstress21bytheCOVID-19pandemicto22herbestandhelpothersintheprocess.TheCOVID-19pandemichasbeenvery23toRaeganandherfamily.Shelosttwoofherauntsaswellashergreatgrandfathertothe24.Andshehasn’tbeenabletovisitsomeofher25suchashergrandfather.Feelingconstantlysad,she26tofindoutwhatshecoulddotomakethings27.Whilethinkingaboutwaysshecould28,herbandbegantosell“theworld’sfinestchocolatebars”toraisefunds.Thisgavehera(n)29—whynotbuytheworld’sfinestchocolatebarsto30theworld’sfinestpeople?Inhermind,thefinestpeopleintheworldarethehealthcareworkers,firemen,andfirstresponderswhohave31themselvesduringthispandemictohelpingotherswhileputtingthemselvesin32.Andsellshedid!WhileReaganistypicallya33person,thisdidnotstopherfrompromotingsalesofhercandybarsandthenusingthemoney34tobuybarsforfirstresponders.Shealso35totakeallthemoneyshehadinsavingsfromChristmas,herbirthdayandothergiftstobuychocolatebarsfortheworld’sfinestpeople.Inall,Raegan36over400bars.Thefirstrespondersthatreceivedthemwere37notjustfortheworld’sfinestchocolate,butthe38andcaringactionsofoneoftheworld’sfinest11-year-oldgirls!RaeganLawrence’sstoryhas39manyotherstohelpthoseinneedduringthis40moment.21.A.released B.caused C.damaged D.controlled22.A.avoid B.catch C.lookfor D.bringout23.A.typical B.strange C.cruel D.normal24.A.virus B.worm C.public D.hospital25.A.relatives B.classmates C.friends D.doctors26.A.hesitated B.agreed C.struggled D.preferred27.A.heavier B.higher C.clearer D.better28.A.help B.stay C.share D.show29.A.privilege B.excuse C.idea D.advantage30.A.evaluate B.reward C.respect D.protect31.A.devoted B.limited C.abandoned D.attached32.A.silence B.stress C.comfort D.danger33.A.stubborn B.brave C.shy D.patient34.A.obtained B.borrowed C.found D.changed35.A.afforded B.decided C.refused D.expected36.A.triedout B.storedup C.brokeoff D.gaveaway37.A.fit B.grateful C.responsible D.famous38.A.humorous B.generous C.traditional D.honest39.A.invited B.persuaded C.inspired D.required40.A.necessary B.fruitful C.pleasant D.challenging3Whenmydaughter,Mia,wasinvitedtoakids’poolparty,myheartsunk.My41sometimesgotinthewayofmedoingactivitieswithher.Thereweremomentsthatshouldhave42asawarning,likethefamilypartywhereIhadfrighteningheartpalpitations(心悸)andsawMialookingatmein43,butIjustnutittothebackofmy44.Oneday,oneclosefriend45me,“Seriously,youarethebiggestYOUI’veeverseen.So,fromnowonyou’recomingtotheSlimmingWorldgroupwithme.”Later,herwords46inmymind.ThereIwas,aged33,overweightandstartingtohaveheart47.WhatwouldMiadoifshelostherdad?48,Iwaspulledintothegroup.Withtheconsultant’sexplanationoftheeatingplan,Istartedadinnerwithlotsofvegetables.Thenextweek,Iwas49tofindI’dlost6pounds—thismightactually50!Withmoreconfidence,Idecidedtopractiseswimming,51onedaybeingabody-confidentdad,splashing(戏水)around52atapoolpartywithMia.AsI53myswimmingdistance,myweightlossbecomeeven54.Mialovedseeingthechangeinmeandthe55shoneonherface.I’malsoproudofmyselfforturningmylifearound,forMia.41.A.weight B.sight C.height D.look42.A.escaped B.served C.stopped D.disappeared43.A.joy B.excitement C.curiosity D.horror44.A.neck B.hand C.mind D.shoulder245.A.taught B.laughed C.asked D.warned46.A.worked B.circled C.woke D.rose47.A.examinations B.functions C.problems D.researches48.A.Immediately B.Calmly C.Gradually D.Fairly49.A.upset B.sad C.amazed D.nervous50.A.fadeaway B.settledown C.breakout D.payoff51.A.imagining B.forgetting C.admitting D.worrying52.A.slowly B.happily C.secretly D.cautiously53.A.observed B.predicted C.increased D.measured54.A.evident B.dull C.reliable D.strange55.A.anger B.anxiety C.fear D.pride4Haveyoueverlostsomethingpreciousandthoughtyou’dnevergetitback?AwomannamedThomasfromOregonfoundabagfromabargainshop.However,littledidsheknowthatbagwouldchangesomeone’slifeforthe56.Itlookedbrand-newsosheboughtitwithout57.Aftermakingithome,shenoticedsomethinginterestingandturneditoverto58,andsomethingheavymoved.Shestartedtothinknegativethoughtsinfearofwhatwasleftthere.Thomasalso59whythelastownerwouldthrowawaysuchavaluableitem.Curiously,she60furtherdownthroughaholeinthelining(衬布).Slowlyshepulledabrand-new61outwithastonishment!Thatlefther62morequestions.Forexample,whodiditonearth63?Onseeingpictureafterpicture,sheassumeditwasamotherandherchild,64thatsuchalossmusthavegotamotherupsetallherlife.Therefore,shesharedthephotosonline,hopingsomeonewould65them!Meanwhile,shedoubtedwhethertheyremainedhere.66,theownerConnerwasnearby.Thomas67herthatshehadhercamerawithtimelessphotos.ShenearlyburstintotearsthemomentshesawthephotosThomassenther.Thomasarrangeda(n)68withConner.“Thankyou!Itneveroccurtomethatmycamerashouldreturntomy69;afterall,sevenyears.”Connerblurted(脱口而出)asshewalkeduptoThomaswith70.ThankstoThomas,allherpastmemorieswerebackinherhandsandheart.56.A.richer B.better C.easier D.harder57.A.doubt B.mercy C.hesitation D.regret58.A.examine B.open C.match D.sew59.A.understood B.reflected C.recalled D.wondered60.A.looked B.reached C.bent D.stretched61.A.camera B.photo C.record D.phone62.A.with B.off C.into D.beyond63.A.taketo B.stickto C.belongto D.respondto64.A.anxious B.aware C.curious D.sensitive65.A.recognize B.confirm C.contact D.observe66.A.Unfortunately B.Eventually C.Hopefully D.Thankfully67.A.begged B.reminded C.informed D.convinced68.A.meeting B.interview C.celebration D.conference69.A.charge B.possession C.name D.collection70.A.dignity B.surprise C.relief D.excitement5Myfamilywentonholidayforaweekthissummer.Iwassurprisedtolearnthesleeping71forthenight—myyoungdaughterhadagreedtosleepinafirst-floorbedroombyherself.Aswe72,wediscussedthedeerwehad73onourway.“Ihopewecouldseeabearortwothis74!”mywifeshouted.Atbedtime,mywifeandIwenttotheupstairsroom,andmyparents-in-law(岳父母)headedfora75onthefirstfloor.MywifeandIwereabouttosleepwhenourdaughterappearedwitha/an76lookonherface.Shesaida77wasscratching(刮出刺耳声)atherwindow.IdecideditwouldbebestifIsleptdownstairsandmydaughtersharedtheroomwithmywife.Onmywaydown,Ipassedmyfather-in-law,asleepinfrontofthe78.IwasinbedonlyafewminuteswhenIheardatap…taponthewindowoutside.Somethingwasindeedoutthere.79,itwasn’tabear—Itoldmyself.Ifellasleepsoon.Sometimelater,Iwas80byastrangesound.Isawalarge81inthedoorwayandfrozeasit82closertome.Irealizedwhatitwas—onlyaftermyfatherin-lawbentdowntogivemeakiss.“It’sDavid.”Myfather-in-lawjumpedback.Welaughed83attheawkwardmoment,andIexplainedhisgranddaughter’sbedroom84.Itoldhimthattheonlything85thanabearattackwasPapaBearcomingintokissmegood-night.71.A.schedules B.arrangements C.plots D.routines72.A.settledin B.brokein C.lookeddown D.calmeddown73.A.shot B.hunted C.trained D.spotted74.A.evening B.week C.month D.year75.A.study B.kitchen C.bedroom D.bathroom76.A.worried B.embarrassed C.delighted D.satisfied77.A.dog B.deer C.cat D.bear78.A.house B.television C.door D.fire79.A.Besides B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However80.A.awakened B.interrupted C.impressed D.struck81.A.figure B.person C.animal D.ghost82.A.climbed B.jumped C.inched D.rolled83.A.eagerly B.sincerely C.secretly D.nervously84.A.preference B.switch C.difference D.choice85.A.prettier B.funnier C.scarier D.stranger6Helovesvisitingwiththepeopleonhisrouteandisalwayslookingforwaystohelptheneighborhoodduringhismorethan12-hourlongshifts.So,whenthe86inhisGeorgiacommunitymovedentirelyonlineinthespring,Finley,or“Mr.Adam”asthekidscallhim,couldn’thelpbutfeel87forthestudentsstuckinsideallday;somegoing88ormonthswithoutseeingtheirclassmates89.OnedayduringhisdailyrouteinStoneMountain,Finleydecidedtodosomethingtohelp90thespiritsoftheJonessisters,Eva,7,andAria,6.“Thesegirlshaven’tbeenabletogotoschoolorseetheir91allyear,”FinleytoldCNN.“Ithought,‘WhatcanIdotobringasmiletotheirfaces?Somethingdifferent,somethingtobringsomeexcitementfortheday.”Aftercheckingwiththegirls’parents,Finley92somecardsoutofhispocketandstartedthefirstofmanygamesofTic-tac-toe(井字棋).Itwasaninstant93.Everymorningforthenextfewweeks,EvaandAriawouldrunouttothe94tomaketheirstrategicmoves,leavethecardsinthem