Unit12单元知识小结（原卷版）

思维导图Unit12Lifeisfulloftheunexpected.思维导图模块小结知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。【精讲精练】要点1takeofftakeoff意为“起飞”。例如：Whenwilltheplanetakeoff?飞机什么时候起飞？【拓展】(1)takeoff还可作“脱下”讲，反义词组为puton，意为“穿上”。例如：Putonyourclothes.Don’ttakethemoff.把衣服穿上，别脱下。(2)常见的含有take的词组：taketurns轮流takeaway拿走takeout拿出，取出takeover接手，接管takenotes做笔记takecare当心，注意takecareof照顾takephotos照相takeiteasy别紧张【典例分析】一、用take构成的短语完成句子1.他长得像他父亲He_________________hisfather2.母亲把我们的盘子拿走，回来拿一些水果给我们吃Mother_________ourplates__________andcamebackwithsomefruitforustoeat.3.那首曲子把我带回到童年时代Thatmusic________me________tomychildhood.4.我们需要把窗帘拿下来清洗下Weneedto___________________thecurtainstobecleaned.5.如果你有钢笔，可以把我的号码记下来Ifyouhaveapen,youcan_________________myphonenumber.6.这种布料吸水性很好。Thiskindofcloth______________waterverywell.7.飞往曼谷的航班准时起飞。TheflightforBangkok________________ontime.8.天气太热了，所以我把夹克衫脱掉了Itwashot,soI________myjacket__________.9.她请两天假来照顾她奶奶。She__________twodays_________schoolto___________________________hisgrandma.10.请在整个房子有臭味前把垃圾清除出去Please_________________thetrashbeforethewholehousestartstosmell.11.自从他挂了之后，他的儿子就接管了他的公司。Hissonhas________________hispanysincehedied。12.有关金融的书籍占用了三个书架Thebooksonfinance_______________threeshelves.13.TheplanetoChengdujustnow．Youhavetowaituntiltomorrow．A.tookoff B.tookafter C.tookout D.tookaway14.Ishallnot________muchofyourtime.A.takein B.takeoff C.takeup D.takeaway要点2bytheendof/bythetimebytheendof意为“到……末为止”，其后只能接时间，可用于将来时或过去完成时。例如：We’regoingtofinishitbytheendofthisweek.到本周末，我们将完成这项工作。【拓展】(1)attheendof意为“在……末端，在……尽头”，可以表示时间，也可以表示地点。例如：attheendofJanuary在一月底（表示时间）attheendofthestreet在街道末端（表示地点）(2)intheend意为“最后，终于”，相当于atlast，finally，其后不能接of短语。例如：Ourteambeattheirsintheend.最后，我们队战胜了他们队。bythetime的意思是“到……时间为止”，强调时间的截止，引导时间状语从句。Bythetime＋过去的时间，主句一般用过去完成时，表示在从句谓语动作前已经完成。例如：

BythetimeIgotthere,thebushadalreadyleft.不晚于我到那里时，公共汽车已经开走了。

（2）当时间状语为bytheendoflastmonth/year/week时，主句也用过去完成时。例如：

Bytheendoflastmonthwehadlearned20Englishsongs.

到上一个月我们已经学习了20首英语歌曲。【典例分析】1.史密斯先生的家在这条路的尽头。Arethereanyexams___________thisterm?2.这个学期期末有考试吗？Myroomis______________thecorridor.3.到本学期末为止，我已经学了2000个英语单词。__________________thisterm,we_____________2000Englishwords.4.他终走到达这条街道的尽头。__________,hereached_________________thestreet.4.Weusuallyhaveafinalexam______________________Juneeveryyear.A.intheendof B.attheendof C.bytheendof D.totheendof5.__________,Hesucceededingettingthejob.A．intheendB．attheendofC．bytheendofD．totheend6.—Whathappened,Mike?—________Igottoschool,thefirstclasshadbeenover.A.Intime B.Ontime C.Bythetime D.Atthattime7.Bythetimeschool________over,therain________.SoIdidn'tusemyraincoat.A.hadbeen;stopped B.was;hasstoppedC.hadbeen;hadstopped D.was;hadstopped要点3gooffgooff意为“发出响声”。例如：Thealarmwentoff.警铃骤然响起。Myalarmclockdidn’tgooff.我的闹钟没有响。【拓展】gooff的其他用法：（1）意为“离开，走掉，走散”例如：Don’tgooffthemainroad,oryou’llbelost.不要离开大路，否则会迷路的。（2）gooff意为“变质，变坏”。例如：Milkgoesoffquicklyinthehotweather.牛奶在热天很容易变坏。（3）gooff意为“（电灯）熄灭，（电）中断”。例如：Therewasapowercutandallofthelightswentoff.停电了，所有的灯熄灭了。【典例分析】1.我的闹钟没有响。Myalarmclockdidn’t____________.2.他匆匆走掉了。He____________inahurry.3.你们一定不要独自离开。Youmustn't________________________________．4.Heinagreathurryafterheansweredthephone

A.gaveoff B.putoff C.wentoff D.tookoff5.Iwaslate________schoolthismorning,becausemyalarmclockdidn't.A.to；gooff B.for；gooff C.to；goout D.for；goout要点4befullofbefullof意为“充满的”，侧重指状态。例如：Theroomisfullofyoungpeople.=Theroomisfilledwithyoungpeople.房间里全是年轻人。【拓展】befilledwith意为“装满……；充满……”，和befullof同义，但是更侧重动作。其主动形式为：fillwith，意为“把……装满”。例如：Everything

is

filled

with

new

life.

万物充满了生气。Hefilledtheglasswithwater.他把杯子装满了水。【典例分析】1.—Theboxistooheavytocarry.What’sinit?—Oh,itis_______books.A.filledwith B.coveredwith C.usedfor D.askedfor2.Itisraininghard.Thepool______water.A.isfilledofB.isfullwith C.isfilledwith D.isfulledof3.Thejourneywas_______interestingexperiences.A.fullof B.afraidof C.carefulof D.madeof4.Ifyoureadalot,yourlifewillbefullpleasure.A.by B.of C.for D.with5.正如习总书记所说：“只要我们撸起袖子加油干，中国梦就一定会实现”AspresidentXisays,“Ifweare___________energiestodoeverything,ChinaDreamissuretoetrue.”要点5leaveleave作动词，意为“离开(某处)”，常与for连用，后接要去的地方。leave的过去式和过去分词都是left。例如：HeisleavingforBeijingnextweek.他下周打算离开去北京。Mr.Smithlefttheroomattwoo’clock.史密斯先生两点离开房间。【拓展】（1）leave还意为“离开(某人)的身边;离弃”。例如：Herhusbandhaslefther.她的丈夫把她遗弃了。（2）动词短语leavesomethingat/in＋表示地点的名词，意为“把某物忘在某地”。例如：

Ileftmykeyathome.我把钥匙忘在家里了。

TomlefthisEnglishbookatschool,sohedidn’tdohishomework.

汤姆把英语书落在学校了，所以没有做英语作业。（3)leave还意为“听任,使处于某种状态”。例如：Heleftthewindowsopen.他让窗子开着。【辨析】leave和forgetleave和forget两者都是动词，都含有“忘记”的意思。表示把某物“落在某地方”用leave，如果无具体地点，则用forget。例如：Hesaidthathehadlefthisbookintheclassroom.他说他把书落在教室里了。Ineverforgether.我永远也忘不了她。【典例分析】1.Hey,boys,don’t______anythingontheboat,take______withyou.A.forget,everythingB.leave,somethingC.forget,somethingD.leave,everything2.Don’tforget___thelightswhenyouleave.A.toturnonB.turnonC.toturnoffD.turningoff3.—What'swrongwithyou?—BythetimeIgottoschool，IrealizedIhad________myEnglishbookathome.A.left B.forgotten C.took D.brought4.—Sorry,Mr.Green.Ihave________myhomeworkathome.—Nevermind.Butdon'tforget________ittotheschooltomorrow.A.left;bring B.forget;tobring C.left;tobring D.forgot;bringing要点6showupshowup动词短语，意为“出席，露面”。例如：Mostofpeopleinviteddidn’tshowup.被邀请的人大部分还未到。Tomysurprise,shefailedtoshowup.令我吃惊的是，她未能出席。【拓展】show的常用短语：（1）showsb.around带某人参观例如：I’llshowyouaroundsothatyoucanmeeteveryone.

我会带你到各处看看,好让你和大家见见面。（2）showoff炫耀例如：Thoseboysalwaysshowofftheirsportsskillstothegirls.

那些男孩们老向女孩卖弄他们的运动技巧。（3）showsb.sth.把某物展示给某人看例如：Myfriendshowedmeapicturebook.我的朋友出示我一本漂亮的图册。（4）onshow陈列，展出例如：ThephotographsareonshowatthemuseumuntilOctober.照片在博物馆展出到十月。【典例分析】1.Pleaseshowmeyournewsweater.（同义改写）=Please___________yournewsweater____________________.2.你让我看一下你的新表好吗?（翻译）3.我等了他很长时间，但是他还没有出现。（翻译）4.他昨天带我参观了他们的学校。（翻译）5.很多花在展出，我们去看一看吧！（翻译）1.用showup、showaroundshowoffonshow填空1）I’ll_______you________sothatyoucanmeeteveryone.2）Mostofpeopleinviteddidn’t___________________.3）Thoseboysalways__________________theirsportsskillstothegirls.4）Thephotographsare_________________atthemuseumuntilOctober.2.Pleaseshowmeyournewsweater.（同义改写）=Please___________yournewsweater____________________.3.你让我看一下你的新表好吗?（翻译）4.我等了他很长时间，但是他还没有出现。（翻译）5.他昨天带我参观了他们的学校。（翻译）6.很多花在展出，我们去看一看吧！（翻译）7.—WangLin,thankyouformearoundtheBird'sNest.

—You’rewele.A.getting B.lookingC.showing D.bringing8.—ItissaidthatJayChousanghislatestsongintheconcert.—That’simpossible.Infact,hehadnever_____bythetimetheconcertended.A.putup B.setup C.fixedup D.shownup要点7keep（1)keep用作及物动词，意为“保存；保留；保守”。例如：Couldyoukeeptheselettersforme,please?你能替我保存这些信吗？I’llkeepaseatforyou.我给你留个座位。Canyoukeepasecret?你能保守秘密吗？（2)keep用作连系动词,后常接表语形容词，意为“保持处于某种状态”。例如：Youmustlookafteryourselfandkeephealthy.你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。Sheknewshemustkeepcalm.她知道她必须保持镇静。（3）keep的常用句型：1)keepdoingsth.意为“继续干某事”，表示不间断地持续干某事，后须接延续性的动词。例如：Hekeptworkingallday,becausehewantedtofinishtheworkontime.他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。2）keepondoingsth.意为“持续做某事”。例如：Thepupilkeptonaskingmethesamequestion.这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。例如：3)keep...fromdoingsth.意为“阻止/防止……做某事”。例如：Theheavysnowkeptusfromgoingout.大雪阻止了我们出去。拓展：keep构成的短语keepdoingsth一直做某事keepsb/sthdoingsth使某人/某事一直做某事keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事keepupwith跟上keepinmind记住keepintouchwith保持联络keepon继续【典例分析】1.你认为我们青少年应该远离网络吗?Doyouthinkweteenagersshould_________________________________theInternet?2.使劲跑，别停！Just____________________,don’tstop!3.我们要尽力保持卧室清洁整齐。Weshouldtryto__________thebedroom__________andtidy.4.对不起，让你久等了。I’msorryforkeepingyou__________forsuchalongtime.5.疾风阻止我们去上学。Thestrongwindkeepsus____________________toschool.6.这条白线是用来警告人们不许靠近的。Thewhitelineisusedfor_______________________________.7.为了学好英语，你必须用英语写日记。InordertolearnEnglishwell,youmust________________________________inEnglish.8.记得经常保持联络。Remember__________________________________________eachotheroften.9.别掉队，跟上别人！Don’tfallbehind,_________________________others.10.我们要将安全永远放在心上。Wemust________safety____________________forever.11.大雨使我们踢不了球。Theheavyrain___________us______________________football.12.Thefliesaresoterrible.Please________．A.keepitaway B.keepthemawayC.keepawaythem D.keepawayit13.Asweallknow,it’snotpolitetokeepothers_________foralongtime.A.wait B.waited C.towait D.waiting要点81）happen是不及物动词，意思是“发生”，和动词短语takeplace是同义词。它们共同特点是：都是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式；都是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。它们的不同点是：happen是表示偶然性的、出乎意料之外的事情发生；takeplace表示必然性的发生或者计划、策划好的事情发生。例如：

Whathappenedtoyouontheroadyesterday?昨天晚上你在路上发生什么事情？

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。

(2)happen构成的动词短语有：happentosomebody表示“(某事)发生在某人的身上”。happentodosomething＝dosomethingbyaccident表示“偶然做某事”的意思。例如：

Anaccidenthappenedtohimafterdrinkingtoomuch.他喝醉酒之后发生了一场事故。

Ihappenedtomeetyourmotheryesterday.昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。【典例分析】1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)4.Anearthquake__________________whenpeopleweresleepingatnight.A.happened B.tookplace C.had D.appeared5.Ihappened_________________alittlecatonmywayhomefromschool.A.saving B.tosave C.onsaving D.saved6.Greatchanges_________________________inmyhometown,Iwasnearlylostinthestreet.A.happened B.appear C.tookplace D.showed7.Greatchanges________inmyhometownsincethreeyearsago.A.weretakenplace B.havetakenplace C.tookplace D.havebeentakenplace要点9as是连词，意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事发生的过程中另一件事发生；或某事一发生，另一件事立即发生。例如：Wewalkedintothegardenasthemusicstopped.音乐声一停，我们就走进了花园。【拓展】as的用法颇多，现将所学的其他用法归纳如下：(1)as作连词：1)“像……一样、如……”，常用于比较状语从句或方式状语从句。例如：Ican’trunasfastasIusedto.我跑得不如过去那样快。YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.你必须按照我做的那样去做每件事。2)“因为，既然”，引导原因状语从句。例如：Aswearebothtired,let’sstoptohavearest.既然我们都累了，让我们停下来休息会吧。3)“正如，照……方法”，常引导非限制性定语从句。例如：Asweallknow,theearthtravelsaroundthesun.众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。(2)as作介词，意为“好像；作为、当作”。例如：IworkinBeijingasaguider我在北京当导游。（3）as...as还可用在某些固定结构中:as...aspossible/sb.can 尽可能……aslongas 只要asfaras 至于……;就……来说assoonas 一……就【典例分析】1.—IwonderwhetherBrazilwillwinthematchlatertonight.—Gotobedfirst.Iwillwakeyouupassoonasthematch______.A.starts B.startedC.willstart D.isstarting2.Assoonastherain______,theywillgoouttopickapples.A.stops B.stoppedC.willstop D.isstopping3.I’llgotovisitmyauntinEngland_______thesummerholidaystarts.A.whileB.sinceC.untilD.assoonas4.只要努力了，你就会成功！________________________youworkhard,youwillsucceed!5.他一看到我，就向我问好。_________________________hesawme,hesaidhellotome.6.为了学习好英语，你要尽可能多的记单词。InordertostudyEnglishwell,youshouldrememberEnglishwords_________________________________.7.她英语说得和你一样好。ShespeaksEnglish_________________________.8.指出下面as所表达的意义。1）Thegirldancesasshesingsonthestage.2）Astimewenton/by,shebecamemoreandmoreworried.3）Aschildrengetolder,theybeemoreandmoreinterestedinthethingsaroundthem.4）Asayoungman,hewasactiveinsports.5）Asyou'renotfeelingwell,youmaystayathome.要点10alive,living与live1.alive主要用作表语（有时可用作后置定语，但不用作前置定语），可用于人或动物。如：Hemustbestillalive.他一定还活着。注：若alive本身有修饰语，则也可用作前置定语。如：Heisareallyalivestudent.他的确是一个十分活跃的学生。2.living可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。如：Areyourgrandparentsstillliving？你的祖父母还健在吗？alive和living表示“活着的”，两者含义很接近，只要句法适合，有时可互换。如：谁是当代最伟大的诗人？正：Whoisthegreatestlivingpoet？正：Whoisthegreatestpoetalive？若需严格区分，两者仍有差别：living通常是客观描述某人“尚在人间”或“健在”，而alive则主要指生与死的“界限”。如：HewasstillalivewhenIreachedthehospital.当我赶到医院时他还活着。3.live通常只用作定语（前置），可用于动物或植物，但一般不用于人。如：Heboughtsomelivefish.他买了几条活鱼。Onlyafewlivetreeswereleftafterthefire.火灾之后只剩下几棵树还活着【典例分析】1.Amongallthe______thingsontheplanet,adultgiraffeshavethelongestnecks.A.live B.livingC.alive D.lively2.Jade_____alonelylife,thoughheneverfeelsthatbad.A.lively B.aliveC.lives D.living3.Moyanisoneofthegreatest________writers.Heisstill________.A.living；aliveB.living；liveC.alive；living4.Mr.Zhangalwayshasawaytomakehisclassandinteresting.A.lovely B.lively C.aliveD.living6.Allthe_________thingsneedairandwater.Withoutairorwater,nothingcanstay_______.A.living;livingB.living;aliveC.alive;aliveD.alive;living7.Whilepersonisasleep,apartofhisbrainisstill________.A.alive B.live C.lively D.living8.选词填空(lively,alive,live)。1）.Pleasetellme,Mr.Smith,howdoyoukeepyourgoldenfish__________?2）.Althoughhewasveryold,hewasavery__________gentleman.3）.EveryoneissurprisedtoseeTombuttheyarealsopleasedtoseehim______.4）.Mr.Zhanghasbeenmadethemostpopularteacherinourschoolthisyear.—Healwayshasawaytomakehisclass______andinteresting.要点11hundredsof数百的，数以百计的Thosemountainsarehundredsofmetreshigh.那些山有数百米高。【重点】hundredsof后接复数名词形式。Theyplanthundredsoftreeseveryyear.他们每年种几百棵树。【难点】当hundred前有具体的数词修饰，即表示确切的数目时，hundred只能用单数形式，且不与of连用。另外，hundred前也可用some,several,many等表示不确定的数目的词修饰。Twohundredstudentsattendedthecontest.两百名学生参加了此次比赛。【拓展】与hundred用法类似的还有thousand,million等。thousandsof数千的threethousand三千【典例分析】1.—________isthepopulationofChina,

Jack?—Letmethinkforamoment,

itisabout________.A.Howmany；1，400millionB.What；1，400millionC.What；140millionD.Howmany；140million2.Itisreportedthatthereareover______koalasdyinginthedisastrouswildfirebrokeoutrecentlyinAustralia.A.thousandsof B.8thousandsC.8thousandsof D.8thousand2.Itisreportedthatnearly_________foreignkidsjoinedaBritishboardingschoollastyear，andathirdofthemcamefromChina．A.ninethousandB.ninethousandsC.ninethousandofD.ninethousandsof3.birdshaveebackbecausetheenvironmentherebeesbetterandbetter.A.ThousandsofB.ThousandofC.ThousandsD.Thousands4.Itisreportedthatthereareover______koalasdyinginthedisastrouswildfirebrokeoutrecentlyinAustralia.A.thousandsof B.8thousandsC.8thousandsof D.8thousand5.ThegovernmentofChongqingisbuilding________cheapandgoodhousesforthepeople.A.thousand B.thousands C.thousandof D.thousandsof要点12marrymarried意为“已婚的，结婚的”，在句子中常作表语。常用于词组be/getmarriedtosb.意为“与某人结婚”。getmarried强调的是短暂性动作，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用;表示结婚已有一段时间用bemarried。例如：Theyhavebeenmarriedfortenyears.他们已经结婚十年了。Alicewasmarriedtoadoctorlastmonth.上个月爱丽丝和一位医生结婚了。【拓展】married的动词形式是marry,其常见用法如下：（1）marrysb.=getmarriedtosb.意为“与……结婚”。例如：JohnmarriedMarylastweek.上星期约翰和玛丽结婚了。（2）marrysb.tosb.意为“把某人嫁给某人”。例如：Shemarriedherdaughtertoabusinessman.她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。（3）marry一般不与介词with连用。例如：她和一位英国人结了婚。【误】ShemarriedwithanEnglishman.【正】ShemarriedanEnglishman.【正】Shewas/gotmarriedtoanEnglishman.【典例分析】1.去年她嫁给了一个士兵。She__________asoldierlastyear.=She_________________asoldierlastyear.2.他已经和玛丽结婚一年了。He______________________Maryforoneyear.3.—Howlong________they________?—Forabout10years.A.have;married B.have;beenmarriedC.were;married D.did;marry4.Mygrandparents_________forfiftyyearsandtheyloveeachotherverymuch.A.havegotmarried B.gotmarried C.havebeenmarried D.havemarried5.She____________fortenyearsandnowshehasalovelydaughter.A.married B.hasbeenmarried C.gotmarried D.hasgotmarried要点13empty(adj.)空的；空闲的(v.)排空；倒出1.作形容词，常用表语或定语，此时其反义词是full。例句：Hetookhisemptycoffeecupbacktothecounter.他把空咖啡杯送回到柜台。Wewalkedintheemptystreet.我们走在空旷的街上。2.作动词，后常接宾语，此时其反义词是fill。例句：Heemptiedhistoolbag.他腾出自己的工具袋。Sheemptiedthebox.她倒空了箱子。【典例分析】1.Canyouhelpme______theboxandIwanttouseittocarrymyclothes?A．emptyB．emptiedC．emptyingD．empties要点14beabouttodosth...whenWewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.4).sb.hadhardly/scarcely/barelydonesth...whenWehadhardlyfallenasleepwhenthebellrang.另：beaboutto忙于；即将做某事。侧重于表示动作马上就要发生，常与when引导的从句连用，但不与具体的时间状语连用。【典例分析】1.Shelookedasifshe________cry.A．wasaboutB．wasabouttoC．isabouttoD．isabout2.不要着急!公交车马上就到。Takeiteasy!Thebusis____________________arrive.3.It'shalfpastsixnow.Weareabout________.A.leaving B.toleaving C.toleave D.toleft要点15eventhough/evenif都可引导让步状语从句，都不能与but连用，但可以与yet，still等连用。eventhough和evenif一般可互换。语气比though/although强烈。Hewon'ttellmeaboutthenewseventhough/evenifheknowsit.即使他知道这消息，他也不会告诉我的【典例分析】根据汉语完成句子。1.即使知道是无望的，我也坚持尝试。Ikeptontrying,_______________Iknewitwashopeless.2.尽管雨下得很大，农民们仍然在农场里工作。_____________________it’sraininghard,thefarmersarestillworkingonthefarm.3.Manychildrenasktheirparentstogivemoneytocharitybuythemsnacks.A.lateronB.eventhoughC.ratherthanD.inorderto4.Idon'tlikeeatingvegetables________Iknowtheyaregoodformyhealth.A.since B.eventhoughC.because D.assoonas要点16endup意为“结束，告终"，后面常接名词、代词或动词ing形式，表示“最终成为；最终处于".其后加介词with构成短语endupwith中，表示“以......结束/告终"，此时up可以省略。例：Ifhekeepsdrinkingsomuch，hellendupill.如果他继续喝这么多酒，总有一天会生病的，Iendedupdoingalltheworkmyself.结果所有的工作都是我一个人干了.Thepartyendedupwithasong.晚会以一首歌曲结束，知识拓展endupas...最后成为......enduplike...最后像......一样例：Heworkedveryhardandendedupasafamousscientist他非常努力，最终成了一位著名的科学家。Trytokeephealthy.Idon'twantyoutoenduplikethat.努力保持健康，我不想你最后落得那样的情况。【典例分析】1.WhenJennypracticesspeakingChinese,sheoftenendsupEnglishbecausesheisafraidofmakingmistakesingrammar.

A.speaking B.speakC.tospeak D.spoken2.Hisstoryalways________veryfunny.A.endupwith B.endupbeingC.endsupwith D.endsupbeing要点17“so

+形容词/副词+that+从句”；so…that意思是“如此…以至于…”拓展：如果名词被many,much,few,little等词修饰，则名词前不用such而用so。【典例分析】1.—WhatdoyouthinkofthenewmovieWanderingEarth（《流浪地球》）?（2019年湖北黄冈）—It’s____wonderfulIreallylikeit.A.so;that B.such;that C.too;to D.enough;to2.Hehastoearnlotsofmoney_____hecanbuyhischildrennicefoodandclothes.A.sothatB.suchthatC.thatD.inorder3.SantaishanForestParkis__________beautifulthatithasbeeahottouristattraction.（2019，江苏宿迁卷）A.so B.very C.such D.quite4.I’vehad_______manyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.A.soB.suchC.tooD.very5.Thecamerais_______expensive_______Ican’taffordit.A.so;thatB.such;thatC.too;toD.enough;to6.Itwas______yesterdaythattheywentoutforapicnic.asuchfinedayB.suchafinedayC.soafinedayD.asofineday7.Jimissoyoungthathecan’tlookafterhimself.(改为同义句)①Jimis__________young__________lookafterhimself.Jimis__________old____________________lookafterhimself.要点18fool愚弄；俊瓜①fool用作可数名词，意为“蠢人；傻瓜”，复数形式为fools，常用短语：makefoolof...意为“取笑......，捉弄......".例：IfeltsuchafoolwhenIrealizedmymistake.当我意识到自己的错误时，我才感觉自己真是一个傻瓜。Areyoutryingtomakefoolofme?你想患弄我吗?②fool用作动词，意为“愚弄，欺哄"。例：Don'tbefooledbythesalesman.不要被这个推销员欺骗了。用法例句及物动词，意为“愚弄；欺骗”，foolsb.intodoingsth.意为“欺骗某人做某事”Hefooledmeintogivinghimmoney.可数名词，意为“蠢人；傻瓜”,makeafoolofsb.意为“取笑某人，捉弄某人”Don’tmakeafoolofher.fool的形容词为foolish，意为“患蠢的，荒谬的"。例：Iwasfoolishenoughtobelievewhathesaid.我太愚蠢了，竟然相信他说的话，辨析：fool,foolish,stupid与silly词语用法例句fool作动词，意为“愚弄；欺骗”，指利用人缺乏意识，心理脆弱来欺骗人。Don’tfoolyourparents.作名词，意为“傻瓜”WhatafoolIwastothinkthatitwastrue.foolish“愚蠢的”，强调不聪明的Itwasveryfoolishofyoutoparkthecarnearthebusstop.stupid“欠考虑的，糊涂的”，强调没有判断力的Frankdidn’tgetanyeducation,buthewasfarfromstupid.silly“愚蠢的，傻的”，强调不明事理的，没头脑的Youaresillytotakesaltassugar.要点19oversleepoversleep意为“睡过头”，它的过去式和过去分词都是overslept。例如：Ioversleptandmissedtheschoolbus.我睡过了头，没赶上学校班车。【拓展】某些词前缀over，表示“超过,优越,过度等”。overage过老的overtime超出时间的overwork过度工作overdo做得过分Ithinktheworkisoverdone.我觉得这工作做过头了。Sheoverdressedherselftoday.她今天打扮过头了。【典例分析】1.—Whywereyoulateforschoolthismorning?—Becausemyalarmclockdidn'tgooffandI________.A.overslept B.pleted C.changed D.missed要点20above在此处为介词，意为“在......上面”。例:Theplaneflewabovetheclouds飞机在云层上方飞行。用法例句介词，意为“在...上面”，表示不与参照物接触。Abovethedeskisabeautifulpicture.副词，“在上方，在上面”Trytospellthewordsabove.辨析:above,on与overabove“在......上面”，表示两者不接触，也不垂直，与below(在下面)相对on“在......上面”，指两者表面接触，与beneath(在......下面)相对over“在......正上方”，表示两者垂直，但不接触，也可指“笼罩/覆盖在上面”，与under(在...正下方)相对词语意义反义词用法例句above在...上below不接触，不垂直Themoonwasabovethetrees.（价格、温度等）高于Thetemperaturewillstayabovezerointhedaytime.on在...上面beneath接触Thereisanappleonthetable.over在...上面under不接触，垂直Thelightisovermyhead.例:Thereisaplaneabovethetree.树上方有一架飞机。Thereisaboxonthetable.桌上有个盒子。Thereisbridgeovertheriver.河上有座桥。【典例分析】1.—IsMountTaithehighestmountaininShandong?—Ithinkso.Itis1，545meters________sealevel.A.under B.above C.past D.along3．Thelittleboyhidhimself________thedoortogivehissisterasurprise.A．behind B．above C．across D．under3.选词填空：above/on/over1）Theplaneisflying_____theclouds.2）Therearefivebooks_____thedesk.3）Thereisabridge_____theriver.4）Ihopethepriceofthedresswillnotbe____$20.【重点词组】 1.

befullofthe

unexpected充满了出乎意料的事情2.gooff(闹钟)发出响声3.

rushoutofthedoor

冲出门4.

givesb.alift

捎某人一程5.

beabouttodosth.即将做某事6.

wait

inline

排队等候7.

handin

上交8.

in

disbelief难以置信地9.

feelluckytobe

alive

为还活着感到幸运10.

thinktooneself

自思自忖11.hearabout听说12.

turninto变成13.

showup

出现；露面14.

invitesb.toa

costume

party邀请某人去化装舞会15.makea

fool

ofsb.愚弄某人16.

sb.feel(s)

embarrassed

某人感到窘迫17.takesplace发生18.

playallkindsoftricksandjokesoneachother互相开各种玩笑19.

sellout

卖光20.loseweight减肥【重点句式】1.BythetimeIgotup,mybrotherhadalreadygottenin

theshower.我起床时，我哥哥已经在洗澡了。2.AsI

was

waiting

in

line

withotherofficeworkers,I

heard

a

loud

sound．当我正在和其他办公室工作人员排队等候时，我听到一声巨响。3.BeforeIcould

join

the

others

outsidetosee

what

was

going

onthefirstplanehadalready

hit

myofficebuilding我还没有来得及加入外面的人群弄清楚正在发生什么事，第一架飞机已经撞上了我办公室的大楼。4.We

stared

in

disbelief

attheblacksmoke

rising

above

the

burning

building．我们直愣愣地盯着燃烧着的大楼上升起的黑烟。5.IwasabouttogoupwhenIdecidedtogetacoffeefirst.我正要上去(我的办公室)时，突然决定先去买杯咖啡。6.Mybadluckhadunexpectedlyturnedintoagoodthing.我的坏运气出乎意料地变成了一件好事。7.Wellesmadeitsoundsorealthathundredsofpeoplebelievedthestory,andfearspreadacrossthewholecountry韦尔斯使他的话听起来如此逼真，以至于数以百计的人相信了这个故事，恐惧在整个国家蔓延。知识要点二：语法知识要点二：语法知识要点二语法过去完成时态1．概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去(pastinthepast)”。2．构成：过去完成时由“助动词(had)＋过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人称，否定式为“hadnot＋过去分词”，hadnot可缩写为hadn't。如：①Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforewearrivedatthehotel.在我们到达酒店之前，他们已经吃过早饭了。②Shehadn'tfinishedwritingthepositionby10：00thismorning.今天早上十点之前她还没有写完作文。3．过去完成时的主要用法(1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束。如：①Beforeshegotachancetosaygoodbye,hehadgoneintothebuilding.在她有机会说再见前，他已经走进了大楼。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)②WhenIgottothecinema,themoviehadalreadybegun.当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。③BythetimeIgottoschool,theteacherhadcollectedthemathhomework.当我到达学校时，老师已经收了数学作业。④WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.在上学期期末之前我们已经学了两千多个英语单词了。(2)过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：①Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook.他告诉我他已写了一本新书。(written发生在told之前)②Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.她说她以前看过这部电影。(seen发生在said之前)(3)过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already,

yet,still,just,before,never等时间副词及by(bythetime),

before,until等引导的短语或从句连用。如：①BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.在她来中国之前，格蕾斯在一所中学教英语已有五年了。②Peterhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten.到他十岁时，彼得已经收集了300多张中国邮票。③Shesaid

shehadworkedinthathospitalfor20years.她说她已在那家医院工作二十年了。(4)过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到过去的这个时间。如：①Bytheendoflastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.到去年年底，他在这个工厂工作已经有二十年了。②ImetmyEnglishteacheronthestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersinceIfinishedschool.我昨天在街上碰到了我的英语老师。自从我毕业以来我们还没有见过。【典例分析】1．He_______foreignersinhiscafebefore,sohedidn’tknowhowtoservetheAmericanfamily.A.hadrarelyhadB.hadhadrarelyC.rarelyhadD.hadrarely2.Thestudenttoldmethathe_______theexam_______.A.hashad;yesterdayB.had;thedaybeforeyesterdayC.hadhad;thedaybeforeD.hadhad;yesterday3.She___livedherefor______years.

A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof4.Themeeting________bythetimeIgotthereyesterday.A.wason B.hasbeenon C.h