专题15阅读理解之说明文-2024年中考英语真题题源解密（原卷版）

专题15阅读理解之说明文阅读理解综合考查学生对英语语言知识的运用，题型包括词义猜测题、细节理解题、脉络理解题、推理推断题、主旨大意题等。题材广泛，包括故事、日常生活、人物传记、科普知识、社会文化、自然风光等，体裁有记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。本专题目的在于帮助学生提高说明文的解题能力，以帮助同学们高效复习。（2023·江苏盐城）AteamofChinesescientistsandclimbersreachedthetopofQomolangmaatabout12:30p.m.onTuesday,May23.It’sthesecondtimesincelastyearforthescienceexpedition(考察)teamtoreachthetop.Theteamwasmadeupof13Chinesescientistsandclimbers.Theysetoffataheightof8,300metresforthetopatabout3a.m.Aftermorethan8hoursofhardclimbing,theyarrivedatthe8,830metreweatherstation.Afterfixingsteelropes,changingbatteriesandputtinginwindspeedanddirectionsensors(传感器),theyfinishedimprovingtheworld’shighestautomated(自动化的)weatherstation,whichwassetupbyChinesescientistslastyear.Besides,theycollectedicesnowsamplesonthetopforfurtherresearch.Theweatherstationrecordstemperatures,windspeedsandotherkeydataforstudyingclimatechange.ClimatescientistshavefoundthatglobalwarminghashadalargeinfluenceontheglaciernumberontheQinghaiTibetPlateau(青藏高原).Overthelastfiftyyears,thetemperatureontheQinghaiTibetPlateauhasrisenabout0.5℃everytenyears.Studyingtheecosystem(生态系统)oftheQinghaiTibetPlateauwillhelpscientistshaveabetterunderstandingoftheinfluenceofclimatechange,andhelpscientistsandthegovernmentmakeproperdecisions.Sincethemid20thcentury,ChinahassentdifferentresearchexpeditionteamstoQomolangma.Butbecauseoflimitedresourcesandtechnologies,manykeyscientificquestionsarestillunanswered,suchaswhetherglobalwarmingcanmelttheiceatthetopofQomolangma,andhowecosystemcanchangeasheightincreasestoextremity.1．HowmanytimeshastheChinesescienceexpeditionteamreachedthetopsincelastyear?A．Once. B．Twice. C．Threetimes. D．Fourtimes.2．Whichparagraphbestdescribesthepicturebelow?A．Paragraph1. B．Paragraph2. C．Paragraph3. D．Paragraph4.3．WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytalkabout?A．Thewayofscientistsstudyingclimatechange.B．Theeffortofgovernmenttosolveclimatechange.C．TheinfluenceofclimatechangeontheQinghaiTibetPlateau.D．TheimportanceofstudyingecosystemoftheQinghaiTibetPlateau.4．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Theteamsetoffataheightof8,830metresforthetopatabout3a.m.B．Theteamcollectedrocksamplesonthetopforfurtherresearch.C．Chinahassetuptheworld'shighestautomatedweatherstationsofar.D．Allthekeyscientificquestionshavebeenanswereduptonow.【答案】1．B2．B3．D4．C【导语】本文主要讲述了中国科学家利用气象站去研究珠穆朗玛峰的气候变化情况以及全球变暖对青藏高原的影响。1．细节理解题。根据“It’sthesecondtimesincelastyearforthescienceexpedition(考察)teamtoreachthetop.”可知，自去年以来，中国科学考察队登顶了两次，故选B。2．推理判断题题。根据图片的展示可知，图片展示的是科学家和登山者到达气象站的情况，与第二段表达的内容一致，故选B。3．段落大意题。根据“Overthelastfiftyyears,thetemperatureontheQinghaiTibetPlateauhasrisenabout0.5℃everytenyears.Studyingtheecosystem(生态系统)oftheQinghaiTibetPlateauwillhelpscientistshaveabetterunderstandingoftheinfluenceofclimatechange,andhelpscientistsandthegovernmentmakeproperdecisions.”可知，本段主要是介绍研究青藏高原的生态系统的重要性，故选D。4．细节理解题。根据“Afterfixingsteelropes,changingbatteriesandputtinginwindspeedanddirectionsensors(传感器),theyfinishedimprovingtheworld’shighestautomated(自动化的)weatherstation,whichwassetupbyChinesescientistslastyear.”可知，到目前为止，中国已经建立了世界上最高的自动化气象站。故选C。（2023·江苏常州）Scientistswhostudyhappinesshaveevidence(证据)toshowthatbeingkindtootherscanresultinhappiness.Actsassimpleasbuyingacupofcoffeeforsomeonecanliftaperson’smood,forexample.Everydaylifeisfullofchancesforsuchactions,yetpeopledonotalwaysmakethemostofthem.Instudies,behavioralscientistNicholasEpleyandIexaminedapossibleexplanation:peoplewhodokindactsunderestimate(低估)howmuchtheonesreceivingkindnessvaluetheirbehavior.Intheexperiments(实验),about1,000peoplewereaskedtodosomeactionstomakesomeoneelsefeelgood.Weaskedboththepersonperforming(执行)thekindactandtheonereceivingittoanswersomequestions.Theperformerswereaskedtoreporttheirownexperienceandtoguesshowthereceiversmightfeel.Wewantedtounderstandhowvaluablepeopleconsideredtheseactstobe,soboththeperformerandreceiverhadtorate(评分)how“big”theactseemed.Inallcases,weparedtheperformer’sexpectationsofthereceiver’smoodwiththereceiver’sactual(实际的)experience.Forone,bothperformersandreceiversexperiencedmorepositive(积极的)moods.Foranother,thereceiversfeltmuchbetterthanthekindperformersexpected.Thereceiversalsoratedtheseactsas“bigger”thanthepeopleperformingthemdid.Atfirst,westudiedactsofthekindnessdoneforfamiliarpeople,suchasfriends,classmatesorfamily.Butwefoundthatperformersunderestimatedtheirpositiveinfluencesonstrangersaswell.Inoneexperiment,performersinapublicparkgaveawayhotchocolateonacoldwinter’sdaytopeoplethatjusthappenedtobenearby.Again,thekindactbroughtmorehappinessthantheperformersexpected.Thesefindingssuggestthatwhatmightseemsmallcouldmatteragreatdealtothepersonwedoitfor.Consideringthesewarmactionscanimproveourownmoodandbrightenthedayofanotherperson,whynotchoosekindnesswhenwecan?5．Whatdidthereceiversdointheexperiments?A．Theyshowedkindnesstoothers.B．Theyguessedtheperformers’feelings.C．Theyratedhowvaluabletheperformers’actofkindnesswas.D．Theyparedtheperformers’expectationswiththeiractualresults.6．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Differentpurposesoftheresearch. B．Moreevidencefortheresearchresults.C．Possibleinfluencesoftheresearchfindings. D．Anotherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.7．Whatisthewriter’sattitude(态度)towardsshowingkindnesstoothers?A．Supportive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.8．Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?A．Beingkindcanreduceone’shappinessasexpected.B．Kindnesscanhaveunexpectedlypositiveinfluences.C．Choosingkindnessismoredifficultthanexpected.D．Showingkindnessismorevaluablethanreceivingit.【答案】5．C6．B7．A8．B【导语】本文主要介绍了研究表明，善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。5．细节理解题。根据“boththeperformerandreceiverhadtorate(评分)how‘big’theactseemed”可知接受者都必须对善意行为的程度进行评分。故选C。6．主旨大意题。根据“Atfirst,westudiedactsofthekindnessdoneforfamiliarpeople...thekindactbroughtmorehappinessthantheperformersexpected.”可知本段主要介绍了一些证明研究结果的更多证据。故选B。7．推理判断题。根据“whynotchoosekindnesswhenwecan?”可知作者建议我们要选择善良，所以作者对于对别人友善的行为是支持的。故选A。8．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了研究表明，善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。故选B。（2023·江苏南通）Climatechange(气候变化)hasbroughtaseriouswarningtothelivingareasoftheSiberiancrane,increasingtheneedtobetterprotectthebirdsandtheirmigratorychannels(迁徙路径),anexpertsaid.TheSiberiancranebreeds(繁殖)innortheastSiberiainRussiaandfliestoPoyangLakeforthewinterinEastChina’sJiangxiProvince.About95percentofthebirdsspendtheseasoninPoyang.QianFawen,aresearchprofessorfromtheNationalBirdBandingCenterofChina,saidthatPoyang’swaterlevelsdecidewhetheritissuitableforthebirdstolivethere.However,climatechangehasmadethelevelschangeoften.“Insomeyears,thelakeexperiencesfloods;inothers,itexperiencesdroughts.Bothofthesesituationscreatefoodshortagesinthecranes’livingarea,”hesaid.TheSiberiancraneislistedasseriouslyendangeredontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureRedList.“Weneedtoprotecttheirlivingarea,whichismainlywetland,sothatwecanprotectthem,”Qiansaid.IntherecentlyannouncedNationalActionPlanfortheProtectionofBirdMigrationChannels(202135),1,140placesinChinawereconsideredasimportantbreedinggrounds,winteringgroundsandstayingstops,includingPoyangandtheYellowRiverwetlandinNingxia.Theplansaidthatthegovernmentshouldwatchandcountthenumberofmigratorybirdsandpayfarmersforlossescausedbythebirds.SinceChinajoinedtheRamsarConventiononWetlandsin1992,ithasdesignated(指定)202,600hectaresofwetlandasWetlandsofInternationalImportance.Theystoreandcleanwater,keepallkindsoflivingthings,helpstorefloodsandpreventdroughts.AccordingtoaplanannouncedbythecentralgovernmentinOctober,by2025,Chinawillhaveprotected55percentofitswetlands.AftertheWetlandsProtectionLaw,thenation’sfirstlawtoprotectwetlands,wasintroducedonJune1,2022,pleteprotectionwasstrengthened.Thelawclearlyexplainedwhatthegovernmentshoulddoandintroducedstrictpunishmentforpeoplewhodestroywetlandareas.Itlimitsbuildingatimportantnationalwetlandsanditdoesn’tallowharmfulactivities,includingusingthemasfarmlands,leavingwastewatereverywhere,harvestingandfishingtoomuch.KeynaturereservemanagementofficesinChinahavereportedmorebirdswinteringinthenation’swetlands,includingsomenewrarekinds.▲9．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2toParagraph4?A．About95percentoftheSiberiancranesspendtheirwinterinPoyangLake.B．ClimatechangehaslittleinfluenceontheSiberiancranes’livingareainPoyang.C．TheSiberiancraneswillliveinPoyangallyearroundifthewetlandisprotected.D．WaterlevelsdecidethatPoyangLakeisn’tsuitablefortheSiberiancranestolive.10．Whichofthefollowingbehaviorsisrightatimportantwetlands?①buildinghouses

②makingfarmlands

③limitingfishing④leavingwastewater

⑤watchingbirdsA．①③ B．②④ C．③⑤ D．②⑤11．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?A．TheproblemtheSiberiancranesfaceandthewayspeopleprotectwetlands.B．ThereasonwhytheSiberiancranesmigrateandtheplacetheyusuallystayin.C．TheimportanceofprotectingtheSiberiancranesandtheresultitwillleadto.D．Thelossofwetlandsandtheactionsthathavealreadybeentakentohelpthem.12．Whatwillthewriterprobablycontinuetowritein“▲”inParagraph8?A．Peoplehavedonesomethingtoprotectwetlands.B．Thenumberofthebirdshasincreasedinwetlands.C．Expertswillgoontodootherresearchonwetlands.D．Thegovernmentwillmakemorelawstoprotectwetlands.【答案】9．A10．C11．A12．B【导语】本文主要介绍了西伯利亚鹤面临的问题以及人们保护湿地的方式。9．细节理解题。根据“About95percentofthebirdsspendtheseasoninPoyang.”可知大约95%的鸟类在鄱阳湖度过冬天。故选A。10．细节理解题。根据“thegovernmentshouldwatchandcountthenumberofmigratorybirds”可知政府应该观察和统计候鸟的数量，即⑤；根据“itdoesn’tallowharmfulactivities,includingusingthemasfarmlands,leavingwastewatereverywhere,harvestingandfishingtoomuch.”可知不允许过度捕捞，即要限制捕捞，即③。故选C。11．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了西伯利亚鹤面临的问题以及人们保护湿地的方式。故选A。12．推理判断题。根据“KeynaturereservemanagementofficesinChinahavereportedmorebirdswinteringinthenation’swetlands,includingsomenewrarekinds”可知中国主要自然保护区管理办公室报告称，有更多的鸟类在中国湿地越冬，其中包括一些新的稀有物种，可见湿地的鸟类数量在增加，选项B“湿地中的鸟类数量有所增加”符合语境。故选B。（2023·江苏无锡）Petparrotsthatareallowedtomakevideocallstootherbirdsshowsignsoffeelinglessisolated,accordingtoscientists.Thestudy,whichinvolvedgivingthebirdsaputerthattheycouldusetomakevideocalls,foundthattheybegantoengageinmoresocialbehaviorsincludingpreening,singingandplaying.Thebirdsweregivenachoiceofwhich“friend”tocallonatouchscreenputerandthestudyshowedthattheparrotsthatcalledotherbirdsmostoftenwerethemostpopularchoices.IlyenaHirskyjDouglas,oftheUniversityofGlasgowandacoauthorofthestudy,saidthatvideocallshadhelpedmanypeoplefeellessisolatedinthelastfewyears.Sheadded,“Thereare20millionparrotslivinginpeople’shomesintheUSA,andwewantedtoexplorewhetherthosebirdsmightbenefit(受益)fromvideocallingtoo.Ifwegavethemthechancetocallotherparrots,wouldtheychoosetodoso,andwouldtheexperiencebenefittheparrotsandtheircaregivers?”Theirstudyof18petparrotssuggestedthattherewere,indeed,benefitsforthebirds.Inthewild,manyspeciesofparrotsliveinlargegroups,butaspetstheyare,keptaloneorinasmallgroup.Livingalonecancausebirds,todevelopmentalproblems,whichincluderocking,walkingbackandforth,orselfharmingbehaviorssuchasfeatherplucking.Theparrotsfirstlearnedtoringabellandthentouchaphotoofanotherbirdonthescreenofaputertomakeacalltothatbird,withthehelpoftheirowners.Intotalthebirdsmade147callstoeachotherduringthestudy,whileownerstookdetailednotesonthebirds’behaviorandtheresearcherslaterreviewedthevideofootage.JenniferCunhaofNortheasternUniversitysaidthattheparrots“seemedtoknow”thattheyweremunicatingwithotherbirds.“Allthebirdownersinthestudysaidtheyvaluedtheexperience,andwouldwanttocontinueusingthesystemwiththeirparrotsinthefuture,”shesaid.“Iwasquitesurprisedatsomanydifferentbehaviors,”saidHirskyjDouglas.“Somewouldsing,somewouldplayaroundandgoupsidedown,otherswouldwanttoshowanotherbirdtheirtoys.”13．Themainpurposeofthestudyistofindout_________.A．ifparrotscanlearntomakevideocalls B．ifparrotscanbenefitfromvideocallingC．whyparrotscanhavesomanybenefits D．whyparrotscandevelopmentalproblems14．Whatcanwelearnaboutthepetparrots?A．Theirwaytomunicateissinging. B．Mostofthemusedtoliveinlargegroups.C．Themostpopularonesmademostcalls. D．Theycanmakevideocallsbythemselves.15．Whichwordhastheclosestmeaningto“isolated”?A．amazed B．calm C．scared D．lonely16．Thefollowingparagraphcanbestgoafter________.Videocallingcouldreproducesomeofthesocialbenefitsoflivinginagroup,accordingtoRébeccaKleinberger,ofNortheasternUniversityandfirstauthorofthestudy.A．Paragraph1 B．Paragraph2 C．Paragraph3 D．Paragraph4【答案】13．B14．C15．D16．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍研究人员使用视频通话帮助宠物鹦鹉摆脱孤独。13．细节理解题。根据“Thereare20millionparrotslivinginpeople’shomesintheUSA,andwewantedtoexplorewhetherthosebirdsmightbenefit(受益)fromvideocallingtoo.”可知，在美国，有2000万只鹦鹉生活在人们的家中，我们想探索一下这些鹦鹉是否也能从视频通话中受益。由此可知，这项研究的主要目的是找出鹦鹉是否能从视频通话中受益。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据“thestudyshowedthattheparrotsthatcalledotherbirdsmostoftenwerethemostpopularchoices”可知，研究表明，最常叫其他鸟类的鹦鹉是最受欢迎的选择。由此可知，最受欢迎的打了最多的。故选C。15．词句猜测题。分析“Petparrotsthatareallowedtomakevideocallstootherbirdsshowsignsoffeelinglessisolated”可知，被允许与其他鸟类进行视频通话的宠物鹦鹉显示出感觉不那么孤立的迹象，此处isolated的意思是“孤立的”，故选D。16．推理判断题。分析“Videocallingcouldreproducesomeofthesocialbenefitsoflivinginagroup,accordingtoRébeccaKleinberger,ofNortheasternUniversityandfirstauthorofthestudy.东北大学的丽贝卡·克莱因伯格是这项研究的第一作者，她表示视频通话可以再现群体生活的一些社会效益。”可知，本句介绍的是该研究中视频通话的效益，与第三段结尾“Ifwegavethemthechancetocallotherparrots,wouldtheychoosetodoso,andwouldtheexperiencebenefittheparrotsandtheircaregivers?”语境相符，逻辑相连。故选C。（2023·江苏扬州）Thescientificmethodisusedforsimpleexperimentsthatstudentsmaydointheclassroomorverydifficultexperimentsthatscientistsaredoingallovertheworld.Itisawayofthinkingthathelpsyoutoavoiddrawingincorrectconclusions.Thereareusuallyfourstepsinthescientificmethod,includingobservation(观察),hypothesis(假设),experiment,andconclusion.Thestepsmaynotalwaysbepletedinthesameorder,butthefirststepisusuallyobservationandaskingaquestionaboutyourobservation.Forexample,youhadasickstomach,andateacandybar.Anhourlater,youobservedthatyoufeltmuchbetter.Here,youcanaskaquestion,suchas,“Whatmakesasickstomachfeelbetter?”Thesecondstepistostateapossibleanswertothequestion,orahypothesis,suchas“”Agoodhypothesisincludesthreethings:Theexplanationfortheobservations,itisabletobetested,anditwillusuallypredictnewoutesorconclusions.Thethirdstepistheexperiment,totestthehypothesis.Anexperimentisatestwhichwilleitherchallengeorsupportthehypothesis.Thehypothesiswillthenbetrueorfalse.Thefinalstepistothinkaboutwhathappenedwhenyoutestedthehypothesisanddrawaconclusion.Theconclusionwilleitherclearlysupportthehypothesisoritwillnot.Iftheresultssupportthehypothesis,aconclusioncanbewrittenandyoucanshareitwiththerestoftheworld.Ifitdoesnotsupportthehypothesis,youmaychoosetochangethehypothesisorwriteanewonebasedonwhatwaslearnedduringtheexperiment.17．Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howdothefourbasicstepsinthescientificmethodwork?B．Whatmakesagoodhypothesisbasedontheobservation?C．Theconclusionwillalwaysclearlysupportthehypothesis.D．Learningthescientificmethodmayhelpstudentssucceedinscience.18．WhichsentenceshouldgointheemptyboxinParagraph3?A．Acandybarmakesasickstomachfeelbetter.B．Itwasthemedicineyoutookanhourearlierthatmadeyoufeelbetter.C．Eatacandybaragain,andseewhathappenstoyoursickstomach.D．Askpeopleifeatingacandybarhasmadeasickstomachfeelbetter.19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto(指的是)?A．Thehypothesis. B．Theconclusion.C．Thequestion. D．Theobservation.20．WhichofthefollowingsentencesabouttheexperimentisTRUE?A．Anexperimentisatesttoalwayssupportthehypothesis.B．Anexperimentdoesnothavetobepartofthescientificmethod.C．Anexperimentisatesttoeitherchallengeorsupportahypothesis.D．Anexperimentisonlyusedwhenscientistsaretryingtoproveahypothesis.【答案】17．A18．A19．B20．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基本科学方法包括四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和结论。17．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了基本科学方法包括四个步骤：观察、假设、实验和结论。选项A“科学方法的四个基本步骤是如何工作的？”最能表达出文章主旨。故选A。18．推理判断题。根据“Agoodhypothesisincludesthreethings:Theexplanationfortheobservations,itisabletobetested,anditwillusuallypredictnewoutesorconclusions.（一个好的假设包括三件事：对观察结果的解释，它能够被检验，它通常会预测新的结果或结论。）”可知A选项“一块糖能让恶心的胃感觉好一点。”是一个好的假设，是一个解释，且能够被检验。故选A。19．词句猜测题。根据“Theconclusionwilleitherclearlysupportthehypothesisoritwillnot.”可知此处“it”指代前面的“Theconclusion”，表示“结论要么明确地支持假设，要么结论不支持假设”。故选B。20．细节理解题。根据“Anexperimentisatestwhichwilleitherchallengeorsupportthehypothesis.”可知实验是一种挑战或支持假设的测试。故选C。阅读理解之说明文一、文章特点说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物或阐明事理的文章体裁。说明文一般采用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如动物的特征、介绍新生事物、自然或社会现象产生的原因等等。说明事物可采用多种方式：举例法、对比法、给事物下定义法、使用数据、图片法等等。无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征，清晰地展现所说明的事物。说明文条理十分清晰；时态上多为一般现在时。二、出题特点1.细节理解题；2.生词词义判断题；3.标题判断题；4.主旨大意题；5.文章结构题；6.观点态度题。三、阅读方法阅读说明文的关键：抓住事物的特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。1.明确说明对象。阅读事物说明文，首先从整体入手，把握文章的说明对象是什么；阅读事理说明文，首先弄清文章说明了什么事理。可以通过把握段落主题句来明确说明对象。2.逐段概括要点，理清说明顺序。概括要点要重视首尾句的作用，重视概念句或解说性语句的作用。阅读时可以把这些语句勾画出来。3.整体感知，把握中心。分析文章段落之间是并列、递进还是总分关系；是由现象到本质，还是由个别到一般，或是从结果到原因。最后总结出文章的中心思想。四、解题技巧1.阅读做标记。在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，并给重要的句子和关键词汇做上记号，尤其是各段中心句，为答题提供更快捷、更多的信息。2.审清题干。发掘和把握试题中有效的提示性信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。3.定位阅读,强化对应意识。绝大部分的说明文阅读题都有一个共性，那就是答案基本上都能直接和间接从选段中找到依据。回答问题时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。（2023·江苏南京·校考一模）ApolicedramabasedonrealorganizedcrimecasesishelpingeducatethepublicabouttheValueoftheruleoflawandtheirrights,expertssaid.Aspecialcampaignlaunchedbythecentralgovernmentonfightingorganizedcrimeandlegaldepartments’rectificationmeasuresareusedasmuchofthebackgroundforTheKnockout.Thedramatellsthestoryofapoliceofficer’sfightagainstorganizedcrimeover20years,andshowstheriseanddemiseofunderworldfiguresandcorruptofficials.Ithasreceivedaratingof9.1outof10onDouban,oneofChina’smostvisitedreviewplatforms,andhasbeeoneofthemostdiscussedtopicsonsocialmediasincemidJanuary.ThedramabeganscreeningonChinaCentralTelevisionandstreamingplatformiQiyionJan14,withatotalof39episodestobeaired.Manyviewershaveapplaudedtheshow’splotlinesandtheactors’performances,andalsopraisedtheeffortsofpoliceofficersinbattlingorganizedcrime.AccordingtothemissionforPoliticalandLegalAffairsofthemunistPartyofChinaCentralmittee,from2018to2020,authoritiesbusted3,644mafialikegangsand11,675othercriminalgangs,detained237,000suspectsandinvestigated89,700casesof“protectiveumbrellas”,areferencetoofficialswhohidegangsters’crimes.WeiPengju,directoroftheInstituteofCulturalEconomicsattheCentralUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsinBeijing,saidTheKnockoutresonatedwithviewersonanemotionallevel.Reactionstotheprogramalsoreflectedhowthepublicperceivedtheworkandachievementsofthenationinbatingorganizedcrimeandbuildingasoundlegalenvironment.“Storiesoffightingorganizedcrimeareoftenattractivetoaudiences,andthisreflectspeople’sexpectationsandtrustinadvancingruleoflaw.Thehatredofgangstersandthepursuitofjusticeamongviewersisthesame,whichisthesimplestunderstandingofalawbasedsociety,”saidZhiFeina,aprofessorattheFilmandTelevisionResearchInstituteoftheChineseNationalAcademyofArts.Zhisaidthatthepositivesentimentcreatedbytheauthorities’crackdownonorganizedcrimeisanimportantreasonforthedrama’ssuccess.Thishasalsopromotedtheideaoftheruleoflaw,sheadded.21．WhatisthetypeofTheKnockout?A．Ahorriblefilm. B．Aseriousdrama. C．Adetectivestory. D．Anexcitingnovel.22．Accordingtothepassage,whichwordbestdescribesTheKnockout?A．Popular. B．Humorous. C．Romantic. D．Funny.23．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A．ThedirectorofTheKnockoutdesignedtheplotonthebasisofhisimagination.B．Thepolicedefeatedunderworldfiguresandcorruptofficialsafter20yearsinTheKnockout.C．Formonpeople,TheKnockoutisnotworthwatching.D．AspecialcampaignwaslaunchedsuccessfullybythecentralgovernmentbecauseofTheKnockout.24．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph7?A．ThethoughtsinTheKnockoutareoppositetotheonesofviewers.B．Viewerscouldn’tunderstandTheKnockoutonanemotionallevel.C．TheKnockoutcaughtviewers’attentionsuccessfully.D．WhatTheKnockoutshowedwasprettyimportanttoviewers.25．WhichsayingbestexpressesthethemeofTheKnockout?A．Betterlatethannever. B．Aftertherainesthesunshine.C．Everycloudhasasilverlining. D．Justiceandfairnessmaybelate,butshallneverabsent.（2023·江苏泰州·统考二模）Thewinnersofthemostrespectedawardsintheworld—theNobelPrize—wereannouncedlastweek.AccordingtothefounderAlfredNobel,theprizerecognizespeoplewhohaveprovided“thegreatestbenefit(利益)tohumankind”.Fourteenoutstandingpeople,includingscientists,politiciansandauthors,wonawardsintheprize’ssixcategories(类别).Manyofthewinnershaveonethinginmon:Theachievementstheymakedatebackyearsago.Forexample,JohnB．Goodenough,oneofthethreewinnersofthisyear’schemistryprize,is97yearsold,theoldestpersonevertowinaNobelPrize.Heandtheothertwoscientistswontheprizefordevelopingthelithiumion(锂离子)batteriesthatweusetodayinmobilephones,laptopsandelectriccars.Thetechnologywasfirstdevelopedinthe1970s,nearly50yearsago.Thereasonwhyittooksolongforthisachievementtoberecognizedisthatittakestimetoseetherealvalueofanewbreakthrough.“Everyyear,therearelotsofclaimsofamazingdiscoveries,butquiteafewofthemturnouttobenotquiteasamazingaseveryonethought,”saidSvenLidin,formerchairmanoftheNobelmitteeforChemistry.“Wewanttomakesurethatweawardthosewhoopenthefirstdoorintonewscientificinsight.Thismeansthatnaturallythereisadelay.”Buthowcantheymakesurethattheyhavechosentherightwinners?Theydependonqualifiednominators.Everyyear,thousandsofpeopleareinvitedtonominatecandidates(候选人)fortheNobelPrize.TheyincludeuniversityprofessorsandpreviousNobelPrizewinners,aswellascurrentandformerNobelmitteemembers.Afterreceivingallofthenominations,afivemembermitteeforeachprizewillpickthewinners.Thenamesofboththenominatorsandcandidatesarekeptsecretfor50years.Thismeansthatmanypeoplemighthavebeennominated,butwouldneverknow.Thisrule,accordingtothechiefeditoroftheprize’sofficialwebsite,allowspeopletobehonestinthenominationprocess.26．Paragraph2ismainlywrittentoexplain________.A．whyittooksolongtorecognizethewinners’achievementsB．whatkindofpeoplecanwintheNobelPrizeC．manyofthewinners’achievementsdatebackyearsagoD．howJohnB．GoodenoughwontheNobelPrize27．Theunderlinedphrase“thisachievement”inParagraph3refersto________.A．thetechnologyoflithiumionbatteries B．theuseoflaptopsC．theinventionofmobilephones D．thedevelopmentofelectriccars28．Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat________.A．JohnB．GoodenoughisthefounderoftheNobelPrizeB．onlyscientists,professorsandauthorscanhavethechancetowintheNobelPrizeC．theNobelwinnerscannotberecognizeduntilthevalueoftheirachievementsareseenD．peoplehaveknownthenamesofthenominatorsandcandidatesbeforethenominations29．HowcanapersonwintheNobelPrize?Pleasechoosethecorrectorder.①beanominator

②applyfortheNobelPrize③haveagreatachievement

④afivemembermitteepicksthewinner⑤waityearstoseetherealvalueoftheachievementA．③②①⑤④ B．②③①④⑤ C．①②③④⑤ D．③①④⑤②（2023·江苏连云港·连云港市新海实验中学校考三模）Smartphonesaregettingboring.Thenewmodelsareeitherabitfasterorhavebettercameras,buttheyarebasicallynodifferentfromtheonesalreadyinourpockets.Thisiswhyscientistsarehoping,andworkingforsomethingnew,somethingthatwillchangeourlivesjustasgreatlyassmartphonesdo.Atthemoment,thenextinventionmightbesmartglasses.Justimagine.Insteadofhavingtopickupyourphoneandlookatthescreen,alloftheinformationyouneedsimplyappearsjustinfrontofyou,inyourglasses.Satellitenavigation(导航)directionswouldappearrightthereontheroad.Andyoursmartglassescouldguideyoutotherightshelfinthesupermarket!Smartglassescouldalsobeusedinindustry.Theycouldshowengineerstheinstructionstheyneedtofixthingsmorequickly.Adoctorcouldcarryoutadifficultoperation,guideinrealtimebysomeoneontheothersideoftheworld.Thismaysoundimpossible.Butmostofthetechnologiestoinventthemarealreadythere.Forexample,onekeytechnologyisnamedAR,whichcanmakedigital3Dobjectsappearsasiftheyarepartoftherealworld.We’veuseditalotonourvideocalls.Similarly,hugeprogresshasbeenmadeinspatialaudio.Thisiswhenasoundmadetogiveitasenseofplace,likewhatyouhearinanemp