2024-2025学年高二上学期期中模拟考试英语试题（上教版2020选择性必修一 Units 1~4）（全解全析）

绝密★考试结束前2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中模拟卷（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：140分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．测试范围：选择性必修一Units1~4（上教版2020）。4．难度系数：0.65。5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。I.ListeningComprehension（25分）SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．A．7:00. B．7:10. C．9:10. D．9:00.【答案】C【原文】W:Couldyoutellmethestartingtimeforbothperformances?M:Thefirstbeginsat7:00o’clock,anditlaststwohours.Thesecondfollowsimmediatelyafteraten-minutebreak.Q:Atwhattimedoesthesecondshowstart?2．A．Doubtful. B．Excited. C．Frustrated. D．Indifferent.【答案】D【原文】M:Greatnews!Thedeadlinehasbeenpostponedforaweek.W:Well,I’dstillliketoliftthisburdenfrommyshoulderssoonerratherthanlater.Q:Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthenews?3．A．Waiterandguest. B．Husbandandwife.C．Motherandson. D．Bossandemployee.【答案】C【原文】W:Howareyougettingonwithyourstudy,dearTom?M:ImakerapidprogressinEnglishaswellasChineseandMaths.Question:What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?4．A．Atanartgallery. B．Inaworkshop.C．Atagasstation. D．Inadepartmentstore.【答案】A【原文】M:Excuseme,canyoutellmethetitleofthisoilpainting?W:Sorry,Idon’tknowforsure.ButIguessit’sanearly18thcenturywork.Letmelookitupinthecatalogue.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?5．A．Hehadaworthytrip.B．Hedidn’tenjoythetrip.C．Thetripwastooexhausting.D．Thetriptookhimbysurprise.【答案】A【原文】W:Howdoyoufeelnowthatyou’rebackfromyourtrip?M:Mylegsarethesorestthey’veeverbeen,butitfeelslikeIhaverenewedperspective.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?6．A．Pressthebuttonofeveryfloor.B．Takeanotherliftdowntothe7thfloor.C．Askthewomanwhichfloorshe’sgoingto.D．Stayinthesamelifttogodowntohisfloor.【答案】D【原文】M:Ohno,Iforgottopressthebutton.Ishould’vegottenoffatthe7thfloor.W:Don’tworry.Onemorefloorandyouwillbegoingdown.Q:Whatisthemanprobablygoingtodonext?7．A．Thesizeoftheelectricvehiclemarket.B．Anewtrendinthecarmakingindustry.C．Theveryprofitablebusinessofmakingcakes.D．Howmanufacturersprofitfrommakingelectriccars.【答案】B【原文】W:Whydoeseveryoneseemtobejoiningtheelectricvehiclerace?M:Honestly,I’mnotsurprised.It’sjusttoobigacaketopassup.Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?8．A．Thewomanwasanewcustomerofthegarage.B．Thewomancalledtomakeacomplaintaboutthegarage’sservice.C．Thewomanhadn’texpectedthemaintenanceservicetotakesolong.D．Thewomanwassatisfiedwiththeimprovementinthegarage’sservice【答案】C【原文】M:Goodmorning,I’mwithRoadBuddyGarage.Wereyousatisfiedwithourserviceyesterday,Ma’am?W:I’mafraidthere’smuchroomforimprovement.Fivehoursforsomeregularmaintenancewasnotreasonable.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?9．A．Themandidn’tintendtomakethewomanunhappy.B．Themanthoughtthewomanwasbeingunreasonable.C．Themanbelievedthewomanhadmisunderstoodhim.D．Themanwantedtosaysomethingupsettingtothewoman.【答案】A【原文】W:It’snotaverygoodfeelingwhenyourtolerancehasbeentakenforgrantedagainandagain.M:I’msorrythatI’vemadeyoufeelthatway.ThelastthingIwanttodoistoupsetyou.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?10．A．Themanmayneedtore-evaluatehispriorities.B．Themanshoulddealwiththeurgentmattersfirst.C．Themanhasfailedtotakecareoftheurgentmatters.D．Themanshouldkeeptrackofeverythingusingato-dolist.【答案】A【原文】M:I’msotiredofalwaysfeelingsorushed.W:Maybetheproblemisthatyou’vemistakenwhat’surgentforwhat’simportant.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?SectionBDirections:InSectionB.youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11．A．Tomakesurethespellingandgrammarareallcorrect.B．Toimprovetheoveralleffectivenessofthewriting.C．Toensurethemainideaiscleartothereader.D．Toaddmorespecificdetailsandexamples.12．A．Bytheendoftheterm.B．Aftersomemajorrepair.C．Twoweeksbeforethefinalduedate.D．Afterthestudentfinishesthecourse.13．A．Toreviewmaterialcoveredinanearlierlecture.B．Tochangestudents’approachtowriting.C．Topointoutanexampleofgoodwriting.D．Togiveanassignmentforthenextclass.【答案】11．B12．C13．B【原文】Bytheendoftheterm,Ihopeyou’llbeconvincedthatformalwritingalwaysrequiresrevision.Sometimesitrequiresafairlymajorrewritingofthepaper.Somestudentsmayhavethemistakenideathatrevisionmeanssimplymakingcorrectionsinspellingandgrammar.Icallthatproof-reading.WhatIexpectyoutodoasyoureviseistovalueandimprovetheoveralleffectivenessofyourpaper.Buthowcanyoutellifyourpaperiseffective?Well,forexample,startbyaskingyourselfthesequestions:Isthetopicrestrictedenoughtobefullydiscussedwithinthegivenlinks?Arethemainideasclear?Aretheysupportedbythespecificdetailsintheexamples?Dotheymovesmoothlyfromoneideatothenext?You’llneedenoughtimeforapossiblemajorrepair,thatis,youmayhavetomakealotofchangesbeforeyourpaperbecomesreallycleartothereader.SoI’llexpectadraftofeachpapertwoweeksbeforethefinalduedate.ThatwayIcancriticizeitandgetitbackintimeforyoutoreviseit.Thenyoucanturninafinaldraftforgrading.ThisprocessmayseemlikeagreatdealoftroubleatfirstbutIthinkyouwillfinditvaluable.InfactafteryoufinishthiscourseIdoubtthatyouwilleverturninatermpaperwithoutfirstrevisingitcarefully.Questions:11.Whatshouldthestudents’aimbewhentheyrevisetheirwork?12.Whenshouldthefirstdraftbeturnedin?13.Whatisthepurposeofthetalk?Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage14．A．Experimentonthefuturepizza.B．Tasteaspecially-madepizza.C．Traveltoafuturerestaurant.D．Meetwithagroupoffuturists.15．A．Theyaimedtoshowpeoplehowtocultivatefoodinalab.B．Theywerecurioustoknowwhatthefuturewouldlooklike.C．Theyintendedtopromotetheenvironmentally-friendlyfood.D．Theywantedtohighlighttheroleofscienceinsustainableliving.16．A．Itisthreetimesthesizeofanormalpizza.B．Alltheingredientscomefromanindoorlab.C．Partofithasbeen3D-printedbyarobotchef.D．It’squitedifferentfromthetraditionalpizzaexceptfortheappearance.【答案】14．B15．D16．D【原文】On11February2020,visitorstothe2039PizzaRestaurantinPeckham,London,wereabletotryapizzafromtheyear2039.Thepizzahadn’tactuallytravelledbackintime,butwasmadebypeoplelookingaheadtothefuture.AnorganizationofYoungScientistscalledTheBigBangUKFairchallengedafuturistcalledJackson,todesignthepizzaofthefuture,inordertoshowhowsciencecanhelpusmakefoodmoresustainably.Despitelookinglikeanormalpizza,itwasmadewithsomeunusualingredients.Theingredientsactuallyincludetomatoesgrowninanindoorlabwithnosoil,flourmadefromground-upinsects,andcheesemadefromtreenuts.Tomatoesgrownindoorsuselesswaterthanoutdoortomatoesandmakingcheesefromnutmilkinsteadofcow’smilkmeanswecouldrelylessondairycows.Dairycowsarebadfortheenvironmentbecauseofthepoisonousgasestheyrelease.Makingflouroutofsmashedinsectsmightsoundhorrible,buttheyarerichinproteinsandtakefarfewerresourcestofarmthanwheat,whichweusetomakeflourbases.Lookingaheadto2069,Jacksonpredicts,“YourfuturepizzamightbemadefromingredientsthathaveneverseentheSun,oreatengrassinafield.Anditmightbe3D-printedbyarobotchef.Thisistrulyjustatasteofwhatthefutureholds.”Questions:14.Whatwerevisitorsabletodointhe2039PizzaRestaurant?15.WhydidtheyoungUKscientistsaskJacksontodesignthepizzaofthefuture?16.Whatcanwelearnaboutthepizzaofthefuture?Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17．A．Nervous. B．Excited. C．Sleepless. D．Frustrated.18．A．Highrequirements. B．Flexibleschedules. C．Highfrequency. D．Oppositerules.19．A．Themanheldachildhooddreamofbeingaprofessionalplayer.B．Themanhadtakenitforgrantedthathewouldbeabasketballstarsoonerorlater.C．Themanfeltuncomfortablewhenhefirstreceivedsomuchattentionfromothers.D．Themanrelievedhimselfbyadjustingthefocusofhisattentionintime.20．A．Weshouldnottakeitseriously.B．Weshouldcompetewitheachother.C．Weshouldenjoyourselvesinit.D．Weshouldnevermissagame.【答案】17．B18．C19．B20．C【原文】W:Helloeveryone,I’mSusan.WeareheretodaywithNBAstarJeremy.Welcome,Jeremy.M:Thanksforhavingme.W:Jeremy,howdidyoufeelthefirsttimeyousteppedontheNBAcourtasaprofessionalbasketballplayer?M:IjustrememberthecheersandIjustwentintothegamefollowingtheadrenaline.Wow,it’sbeenalongtimeandIfinallymadeit.IrememberthatnightafterthegameIhadahardtimefallingasleepjustbecauseIhadhadallthatexcitement.W:Pleasetellme,what’sthebiggestdifferencebetweenplayingcollegebasketballandprofessionalbasketball?M:Iwouldsaythebiggestdifferenceistheschedule.Youplay82gamesinaseasonintheNBAandyouonlyplayabout30incollege.Andalsothetalentsandthelevelofathleticspeedalsomakethemjusttwodifferentworlds.W:Itseemsyou’vesettledwellintoprofessionalgame.Haveyoueverimaginedyouwouldbesosuccessful?

M:GrowingupIalwaysdreamedaboutplayingintheNBA,buthonestlyitdidn’tseemlikelytobecomearealityuntilmysenioryearincollege.That’swhenIbegantothinkIhadachancetoenter.SowhenIfinallymadeit,Ijustrememberitwasalongjourneyandalongpath.AndIwasreallythankfulthatIwasfinallyhere.W:Howdoyoudealwiththepressurefromthesuccess?M:Atthebeginningoftheseason,Iwasstrugglingwiththatjustbecausetherewerealotofattentionfromthemediaandfromthefans.ButonceIlearnedtoletgoofanyexpectationsofothersandstarttoplayformyself,nototherpeople,Ibegantoreallyenjoythegameandhavethatpassioncomeback.W:Youhavealotoffans.Doyouhaveanyadviceforthem?M:Toenjoyplayingbasketballandrememberitisagame,andifyouarenothavingfunplayingbasketball,theninmyopinion,thereisnopointinplaying.Ijustwanttoremindeveryonejustmakesureyouhavefun,yousmileandyouenjoyeverytimeyouareonthecourt.Questions:17.Howdidthemanfeelduringhisfirstgame?18.Whatdistinguishesprofessionalbasketballfromcollegebasketball?19.WhichstatementisWRONGaccordingtotheconversation?20.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardthisgame?II.GrammarandVocabulary(20分)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Indoorvsoutdoorexercising:Whichismoreproductive?Peopletendtoleanheavilyonthegymwhenitcomestoexercise.Thegymisjustaneasyconcept:yougoandthemachinesarerightthere.Yougettheworkoutdoneandyouleave.Butmaybethat’stheproblem.Isitbetterforyourbody,healthandfitnessgoalstoworkoutintheopenair21conditionsvary?Itdependsonsomanyfactors,buttheshortanswerisyes:Sciencesaysitis,infact,bettertoexerciseoutdoors.Takerunning,forexample.Inastudy22(look)atrunnerswhocoveredthesamedistanceonatreadmill(跑步机)andoutdoors,thegroupthatraninsideweresaid23(consume)lessenergythantheoutsidegroup.Thisisbecauseofterrainchangesandwindspeed,whichyoudon’tfaceinthecontrolledclimateofgym.Yourbody24______workharder,andthusyouburnmorecalories.Anotherconsiderationthat25(make)exercisingoutsidetougher,specificallyinwarmermonths,istemperature.Inmostgyms,theairconditionersareblowingduringtheopenhourstokeepacoolandcomfortableenvironment,meaningyou’reconsuminglessenergyandsweatinglessthanyouwouldifyouweredoingthesameactivityinthegreatoutdoors.Inaddition,asystematicstudyontheeffectsofphysicalactivityoutsideinanaturalenvironmentversusindoorsrevealedthefact26amongpeopledoingthesameactivity,theoutdoorexercisesshowed“greaterfeelingsofrefreshmentandpositiveengagement;decreasesintension,confusion,angeranddepression;and27(increase)energy”afterward.28manyadvantages,workingoutsidehasitslimitations.Fromchangeableweathertosafetyconcerns,it’snotalways29option.Thebottomline?Switchupyourworkoutandgetoutsideasmuchasyoucan,butdon’tbotheraboutitifthegymisa30(practical)choiceforyou.Doinganyworkoutisamazingforyourbodyandhealth.【答案】21．where22．looking23．tohaveconsumed24．hasto25．makes26．that27．increased28．Despite29．an30．morepractical【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章针对室内锻炼以及室外锻炼哪种形式更有益于健康的问题，旗帜鲜明地提出了观点：室内锻炼更有益于健康。21．考查定语从句。句意：在条件不同的户外锻炼对你的身体、健康和健身目标更好吗？分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为：theopenair，因先行词在从句中作状语指地点，使用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。22．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一项针对在跑步机上和户外跑同样距离的跑步者的研究中，据说在室内跑步的那一组比在室外跑步的那组消耗的能量更少。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，因与其逻辑主语study之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填looking。23．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，besaidtodo为固定短语，含义为“据说……”，因动词不定式表示的动作在主句谓语动词之前发生，使用动词不定式的完成式，故填tohaveconsumed。24．考查情态动词。句意：你的身体必须更加努力地工作，从而燃烧更多的卡路里。根据上文“Thisisbecauseofterrainchangesandwindspeed,whichyoudon’tfaceinthecontrolledclimateofgym.(这是因为地形变化和风速，而在健身房的受控气候下，你不会面临这些变化。)”可知，在户外锻炼的时候，身体不得不要应对这些条件，可推理出空白处应填表示“不得不”含义的情态动词，又因主语为单数第三人称，谓语动词使用单数第三人称形式，故填hasto。25．考查时态。句意：另一个让户外锻炼更困难的因素是温度，尤其是在温暖的月份。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中作谓语，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，从句谓语动词使用一般现在时，又因定语从句的主语that指的是先行词anotherconsideration，为单数，从句谓语动词使用单数第三人称形式，故填makes。26．考查同位语从句。句意：此外，一项关于自然环境下户外体育活动与室内体育活动效果的系统研究表明，在进行同样活动的人中，户外运动表现出“更大的提神和积极参与感；紧张、困惑、愤怒和抑郁情绪减轻；能量增加”。分析句子结构，这是一个包含同位语从句的复合句，先行词为：fact，因先行词在同位语从句中不做成分，使用连接代词that引导同位语从句，故填that。27．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语energy之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填increased。28．考查介词。句意：尽管有很多优点，但在外锻炼也有其局限性。根据上文“manyadvantages(很多优点)”以及下文“workingoutsidehasitslimitations(在外锻炼也有其局限性)”可知上下文之间为转折关系，空白处应填表示“尽管”含义的介词，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Despite。29．考查冠词。句意：从多变的天气到安全问题，这并不总是一种选择。分析句子结构，因空白处后面有名词，根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词表示“一个”含义，因空白处后面词的第一个发音音素为元音，故填an。30．考查形容词的比较级。句意：改变你的锻炼方式，尽可能多地外出，但如果健身房对你来说是一个更实用的选择，就不要为此烦恼。根据上文“thegym(健身房)”可知此处是要把室内锻炼和室外锻炼进行比较，空白处应填形容词的比较级，故填morepractical。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．elevating

B．context

C．implications

D．vitality

E.afraidF.deep-rooted

G.routine

H.running

I.interpreted

J.altered

K.frozenUnlockingtheSecretsofYourNightMostpeopledonotrealizethatdreamstakeupabout25%ofthenight’ssleep,andeachdreamperiodlastsfrom5to20minutes.Thereisnodoubtthatdreamsplayanimportantroleinourlives.Iftheycanbecorrectly31—andthatisabig“if”—wecancometounderstandourselvesbetter.Here,welookatthreecommondreamsandwhattheypotentiallysymbolize.Dream1:Icanseetheirlaughingfaceslaughingatme.Buttheyaren’tassmart.Iftheywere,they’dbeuphereflyingwithme!Thisdreamhasbothpositiveandnegative32.Onthepositiveside,thedreammayexpressastrongdesiretotravelandgetawayfromeveryday33.Itmayalsosymbolizeapowerfuldesiretoachieve.Ontheotherhand,thisdreamcanmeanthepersonhasaproblemoris34ofsomethingandtheywishtoescape.Thedreamcouldrepresentfeelingsofinferiority,whichthedreamerattemptstogetridofbyliterallyandphysically35themselvesaboveothers.Dream2:I’mmovingfastnow,butit’sstillbehindme.Itdoesn’tmatterhowfastIgo.Istillcan’tescape.Althoughthisisatraditionalsymbolofhealthand36,itcansuggestthedreameristryingtoescapefromdanger.Usually,fearisthedominantemotion.By37hard,thedreamercanpossiblyescapethethreat.However,theycanalsostopmoving.Thismakesthefearevenmoreterrifying.Onepossibleexplanationisthatthepersonisunderpressureintheireverydaylife.Dream3:I’msweatingandmyheartisbeating.I’mtrapped.Trappedinmyownbed.Thissymbolisassociatedwithfearandembarrassment:suddenlythedreamerlosesallpowerofmovement.Theytryhardtomovetheirarmsandlegs,buttheysimplycannot;38in’aterrifyingsituationwithnoescape,theybecomemoreandmoreterrifiedasthesecondsgoby.Anotherfrequent39forthisdreamisfailingtodosomethinginpublic,oftensomethingthatyouarenormallyverygoodat,suchasyourjob.Notonlyisthisextremelyembarrassing,butitalsoshowsa(n)40fearoflosingajobandalivelihood.【答案】31．I32．C33．G34．E35．A36．D37．H38．K39．B40．F【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要解读了三种常见的梦的含义。31．考查动词。句意：如果它们能被正确地解释——这是一个很大的“如果”——我们就能更好地了解自己。根据下文“Here,welookatthreecommondreamsandwhattheypotentiallysymbolize.”可知，下文是解释梦的含义，所以此处指“如果梦能被正确地解读”，动词interpret，解释，符合语境，结合“canbe”可知，此处需填过去分词形式interpreted。故选I。32．考查名词。句意：这个梦既有积极的含义，也有消极的含义。根据下文“Onthepositiveside,thedreammayexpressastrongdesiretotravelandgetawayfromeveryday33”可知，此处在解释梦的含义，C项implications“含义，暗示”符合语境，在句中作宾语。故选C。33．考查名词。句意：从积极的方面来看，这个梦可能表达了一种强烈的旅行欲望，摆脱日常生活常规的束缚。根据“thedreammayexpressastrongdesiretotravel”可知，此处指想要摆脱日常生活常规的束缚。routine，常规，名词作宾语。故选G。34．考查形容词。句意：另一方面，这个梦可能意味着这个人有问题或害怕某事，他们希望逃避。根据“thisdreamcanmeanthepersonhasaproblem”可知，此处表示害怕某事，空处需填形容词作表语，beafraidof为固定搭配，意为“害怕”。故选E。35．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个梦可能代表着自卑感，做梦者试图通过从字面上和身体上抬高自己来摆脱这种自卑感。根据“Thedreamcouldrepresentfeelingsofinferiority”可知，做梦者试图通过从字面上和身体上抬高自己来摆脱这种自卑感，elevate，动词，抬高，介词by后面接动名词作宾语。故选A。36．考查名词。句意：虽然这是健康和活力的传统象征，但它可能暗示梦者正在试图逃离危险。根据上文“I’mmovingfastnow,butit’sstillbehindme.Itdoesn’tmatterhowfastIgo.Istillcan’tescape.”可知，这样的梦是健康和活力的传统象征，空处和名词“health”并列，vitality，活力，名词。故选D。37．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过努力奔跑，做梦的人可能会逃离威胁。根据“thedreamercanpossiblyescapethethreat.”可知，努力奔跑，可能会逃离威胁，run，动词，跑，位于介词by后面，需用动名词running，作宾语。故选H。38．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们被困在一个可怕的环境中，无处可逃，随着时间的流逝，他们变得越来越害怕。根据“Theytryhardtomovetheirarmsandlegs,buttheysimplycannot”可知，此处表示停止在一个可怕的环境中，freeze，动词，（因害怕）停住不动，they和freeze为被动关系，需用过去分词形式作状语。故选K。39．考查名词。句意：这种梦的另一个常见情境是在公共场合做某事失败，通常是你通常非常擅长的事情，比如你的工作。根据“failingtodosomethinginpublic”可知，此处描述的是一个情境，context，情境，名词作主语。故选B。40．考查形容词。句意：这不仅非常尴尬，而且还显示出对失去工作和生计的根深蒂固的恐惧。根据“fearoflosingajobandalivelihood”可知，对失去工作和生计的根深蒂固的恐惧，deep-rooted，根深蒂固的，形容词作定语，修饰名词fear。故选F。III.ReadingComprehension(45分)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.FillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontextWhat’ssobadaboutprocessedfoods?Processedfoodslikechips,sodaandfrozenpizzasarefullofsalt,sugarandfat.Nowscientistsaretryingtounderstandifthereissomethingelseaboutsuchfoodsthatmaybebadforhumans.Already,thespreadofcheap,41foodshasbeenlinkedtorisingobesityratesaroundtheworld.Threerecentstudiesoffermore42onhowourincreasinglyindustrializedfoodsupplymaybeaffectingourhealth.Whatdoesprocessedfood43?Theresearcherscameupwithasystemthatgroupsfoodsintofourcategories.Thesystemsayshighlyprocessedfoodsaremade44ofindustrializedingredientsandadditives.Sodas,instantnoodlesandchickennuggetsaresomeexamplesofhighlyprocessedfoods.Butalsoincludedareproductsthatcan45beneficialtohealth,suchasmorningcereals,energybarsandsomekindsofyogurt.What’swrongwithprocessedfoods?ResearchersattheNationalInstitutesofHealthconductedafour-weekstudyinvolving20people.Theyfoundthatpeopleeatabout500morecaloriesadaywhen46mostlyprocessedfood.Thatiscomparedwithwhenthesamepeopleweregiven47processedfoods.Theresearcherspermittedthe20participantstoeatasmuchoraslittleastheywanted.Theyweretakentoamedicalcentersotheirhealthandbehaviorcouldbe48.Inanotherstudy,researchersinFrancefoundpeoplewhoatemoreprocessedfoodsweremorelikelytohaveheartdisease.AsimilarstudyinSpainlinkedeatingmoreprocessedfoodstoahigherriskofdeath49.Whatisitaboutprocessedfoods?Whengivenlessprocessedfoods,peopleinthestudy50moreofahormonesthatsuppressedappetite,andlessofahormonethatcauseshunger.Thereasonforthe51isnotclear.Thescientistsalsofoundthatpeopleateprocessedfoodsfaster.KevinHallisoneoftheresearcherswholedthestudy.HetoldtheAPthatprocessedfoods52besofterandeasiertochewandswallow.Hallnotedthesourceofnutrientsmight53.Fiberfromwholefruitsandvegetables,forinstance,maybebetterformakingpeoplefeelfullthanthetypesoffiberaddedtopackagedfoodssuchasenergybarsandyogurt.Whatshouldyoueat?Limitingprocessedfoodscanbehard,especiallyforpeoplewithlimitedtimeandenergy.“What54meiswhenthemessageis,‘Changethewayweeat,’withoutthinkingaboutwhypeopleeatthewaytheyeat,”saidSarahBowen,aprofessorwhostudiesfoodandinequality.Anotherchallengeisthebroadrangeofprocessedfoods,and55whichonesmightbebetterorworseascompaniescontinuallyre-engineerproductstomisleadconsumers.Sowhiletheneweststudiesmaygiveusmorereasonstoavoidindustrializedfoods,theyalsounderliethedifficultyofcomingupwithsolutions.41．A．organic B．delicious C．packaged D．fast42．A．examples B．clues C．contributors D．signals43．A．provide B．suggest C．mean D．infer44．A．specially B．mostly C．naturally D．technically45．A．remain B．taste C．become D．seem46．A．consumed B．forced C．deprived D．fed47．A．minimally B．moderately C．maximally D．adequately48．A．explained B．monitored C．cured D．guaranteed49．A．ingeneral B．inparticular C．innature D．inadvance50．A．preferred B．produced C．compared D．processed51．A．hunger B．procedure C．reaction D．psychology52．A．attemptto B．intendto C．tendto D．meanto53．A．strikeabalanceB．runarisk C．poseathreat D．makeadifference54．A．frustrates B．entertains C．puzzles D．inspires55．A．predicting B．imagining C．assuming D．distinguishing【答案】41．C42．B43．C44．B45．D46．D47．A48．B49．A50．B51．C52．C53．D54．A55．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出廉价包装食品的普及与全球肥胖率的上升有关，并根据最近的三项研究，向读者介绍了什么是加工食品，加工食品有什么问题，加工食品与什么有关，以及人们应该吃什么。41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：廉价包装食品的普及已经与全球肥胖率的上升联系在一起。A.organic有机的；B.delicious美味的；C.packaged包装过的；D.fast快速的。根据上文“Processedfoodslikechips,sodaandfrozenpizzasarefullofsalt,sugarandfat.”可知，此处指那些加工食品，加工食品通常都是包装好来售卖的。故选C。42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的三项研究为我们日益工业化的食品供应如何影响我们的健康提供了更多线索。A.examples例子；B.clues线索；C.contributors促成因素；D.signals信号。根据下文的四个小标题可知，下文主要根据这些研究为读者普及加工食品的相关知识，因此是为了解如何影响提供了更多线索。故选B。43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：加工食品是什么？A.provide提供；B.suggest建议；C.mean意思是；D.infer推断。根据下文“Thesystemsayshighlyprocessedfoodsaremade_______ofindustrializedingredientsandadditives.”可知，本段主要介绍加工食品是什么。故选C。44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：该体系显示，高度加工的食品主要由工业化成分和添加剂制成。A.specially特别地；B.mostly主要地；C.naturally自然地；D.technically技术上。根据上文“highlyprocessedfoodsaremade”和下文“ofindustrializedingredientsandadditives”可推知，高度加工的食品的主要成分是工业化成分和添加剂。故选B。45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但也包括一些似乎对健康有益的产品，比如早餐麦片、能量棒和某些种类的酸奶。A.remain保持；B.taste尝起来；C.become变成；D.seem似乎。根据下文“morningcereals,energybarsandsomekindsofyogurt”和生活常识可知，这些产品通常被认为是健康的，再结合上文的“But”可推知，此处有转折，表示这些产品只是似乎是健康的，实际上却属于高度加工的食品。故选D。46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，当人们主要食用加工食品时，他们每天会多摄入约500卡路里的热量。A.consumed消耗；B.forced强迫；C.deprived剥夺；D.fed为……提供食物。根据下文“Thatiscomparedwithwhenthesamepeopleweregiven_______processedfoods.”可知，该实验是对比同一组人食用不同加工程度的食品的卡路里摄入情况，因此是主要食用加工食品时会摄入更多的热量。故选D。47．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是和只吃最小限度加工食品的同样的人比较得出的。A.minimally最小程度地；B.moderately适度地；C.maximally最大程度地；D.adequately充分地。根据上文“Thatiscomparedwith”可知，该实验是对比同一组人食用不同加工程度的食品的卡路里摄入情况，再结合上文“mostlyprocessedfood”可推知，此处表示只吃最小限度加工的食品，minimally和mostly相对。故选A。48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被带到医疗中心，这样就可以监测他们的健康和行为。A.explained解释；B.monitored监测；C.cured治愈；D.guaranteed保证。根据上文“Theyweretakentoamedicalcentersotheirhealthandbehavior”可推知，参与者被带到医疗中心是为了被监测健康和行为，为研究提供数据。故选B。49．考查介词短语辨析。句意：西班牙的一项类似研究表明，吃更多的加工食品通常会增加死亡风险。A.ingeneral通常；B.inparticular尤其；C.innature本质上；D.inadvance提前。根据上文“Inanotherstudy,researchersinFrancefoundpeoplewhoatemoreprocessedfoodsweremorelikelytohaveheartdisease.”和“Asimilarstudy”可知，法国的研究人员发现了食用加工食品和患心脏病之间的一般性联系，因此西班牙的这项类似研究表明的应该是通常会增加死亡风险。故选A。50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在研究中，当少吃加工食品时，人们产生的抑制食欲的激素更多，导致饥饿的激素更少。A.preferred更喜欢；B.produced产生；C.compared比较；D.processed加工。根据下文“moreofahormonesthatsuppressedappetite,andlessofahormonethatcauseshunger”可推知，这两种激素都是人体自身产生的。故选B。51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种反应的原因尚不清楚。A.hunger饥饿；B.procedure程序；C.reaction反应；D.psychology心理学。根据上文“Whengivenlessprocessedfoods,peopleinthestudy________moreofahormonesthatsuppressedappetite,andlessofahormonethatcauseshunger.”可知，此处指上文这种人体内的反应。故选C。52．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他告诉美联社，加工食品往往更软，更容易咀嚼和吞咽。A.attemptto试图；B.intendto打算；C.tendto往往会；D.meanto打算。根据上文“Thescientistsalsofoundthatpeopleateprocessedfoodsfaster.”可知，此处是解释人们吃加工食品的速度更快的原因，应该是因为这些食品往往更软，更容易咀嚼和吞咽。故选C。53．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Hall指出，营养物质的来源可能会产生影响。A.strikeabalance达到平衡；B.runarisk冒风险；C.poseathreat构成威胁；D.makeadifference产生影响。根据下文“Fiberfromwholefruitsandvegetables,forinstance,maybebetterformakingpeoplefeelfullthanthetypesoffiberaddedtopackagedfoodssuchasene