学考优化指导2024年高中英语Unit1GreatscientistsSectionⅢGrammar课后篇巩固提升新人教版必修5

Unit1GreatscientistsSectionⅢGrammar课后篇巩固提升一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.(pollute)airandwatercanbeharmfultopeople’shealth.

答案Polluted2.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases(know)onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.

答案known3.Thewolfsaidinavoiceandtheoldmanfelt.(frighten)

答案frightening;frightened4.Theywerevery(interest)inthenovelwrittenbyMoYan.

答案interested5.Thisisoneoftheteachingbuildings(build)lastyearinourschool.

答案built6.Thewomanisan(experience)workerbecauseshehasbeenworkinginthisfieldfor20years.

答案experienced7.Shelikestodrinkcold(boil)waterinsummer.

答案boiled8.Hearinghispoorexamresults,hisparentswerevery(disappoint).

答案disappointed二、用方框内所给动词的适当形式填空determinesatisfybreakkillwriteloseinjurespeakinspirepollute1.Oneofthepassengersintheaccidentwasmyfriend.

答案killed2.Whenwecamein,wesawtheglasseswere.

答案broken3.What’sthelanguageinGermany?

答案spoken4.Hetoldmethathiskeyswere.

答案lost5.Theyweretofinishtheworkassoonaspossible.

答案determined6.ThefirsttextbookforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.

答案written7.Theyarewiththegirlsoldier,whohasfinishedherworkaheadoftime.

答案satisfied8.Theysentthepassengersintheaccidenttohospitalimmediately.

答案injured9.Mostpeopledon’trealisethattheyarebreathingair.

答案polluted10.Wewerebytheinspiringnews.

答案inspired三、单句改错1.Thefallingleavesofthewoodcoverthegroundinfall.

答案falling→fallen2.Thegirldressinginredisfromabigcity.

答案dressing→dressed3.Hearingtheencouragednews,weallfeltproudofourcountry.

答案encouraged→encouraging4.MostofthescientistsinvitingtothepartywereAmericans.

答案inviting→invited5.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectingpersondied.

答案affecting→affected6.IhavebeentosomeEnglish-spokencountries.

答案English-spoken→English-speaking7.Thechildrenexaminingatthehospitalyesterdaywereseriouslyill.

答案examining→examined8.Shehadlittlesenseofdirection,sosheoftengotlosingwhenshewasout.

答案losing→lost9.Don’tyouknowthegirlwornaredskirt?

答案worn→wearing10.Itmadenotdogsknowingtomorepeople.

答案knowing→known四、完成句子1.他的小说受很多读者宠爱,值得一读。Hisnovelsarewellworthreading.

答案lovedbymanyreaders2.你相识坐在石头上的男人吗?Doyouknowtheman?

答案sitting/seatedonthestone3.那个被吓坏的孩子突然放声大哭。burstintotears.

答案Thatfrightenedchild/kid4.我能够在给定的时间内完成工作。Icanfinishtheworkin.

答案thegiventime5.他正在修理那扇被打破的窗户。Heisrepairingthe.

答案brokenwindow五、完形填空(2024·全国Ⅰ高考)Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They1withthemlotsofwaste.The2mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers(冰川)aredisappearing,changingthe3ofKilimanjaro.

Hearingthesestories,I’m4abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer”naturalexperiences.

However,Isoon5thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof6amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda7mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare8buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe9.

ThebestofaKilimanjaro10,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.Mountainsare11asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This12isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas13gothroughfiveecosystems(生态系统)inthespaceofafewkilometres.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000metres,14landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather15—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I16twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metresisthehighland17:gravel(砾石),stonesandrocks.18youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith19snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.

DoesKilimanjaro20itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.

1.A.keepB.mixC.connect D.bring答案D解析由上文“每年大约有四万人试图攀爬乞力马扎罗山”和下文“或许会破坏它的美感”可知,众多的登山者带来了很多垃圾。bringwith“带来”。故选D项。2.A.stories B.buildingsC.crowds D.reporters答案C解析由上文可知,每年约四万人攀爬乞力马扎罗山,拥挤的人群(及所带来的垃圾)或许会影响它的美感。crowds“拥挤的人群”。故选C项。3.A.position B.ageC.face D.name答案C解析由上文可知,此处表示冰川正在消融,变更着乞力马扎罗山的面貌。face“面貌”;position“位置”;age“年龄”;name“名字”。故选C项。4.A.silent B.skepticalC.serious D.crazy答案B解析依据上文讲解并描述的乞力马扎罗山的气候环境变更和下文的“其他旅游景点被描述得更加纯净自然”可知,此处意为听完这些故事,作者对乞力马扎罗山的自然美景持怀疑看法。skeptical“怀疑的”;silent“缄默的”;serious“肃穆的”;crazy“疯狂的”。故选B项。5.A.discover B.argueC.decide D.advocate答案A解析依据句首However表示转折可知,与前面的描述不同,作者不久发觉了乞力马扎罗山的美,故选A项。discover“发觉”;argue“争辩”;decide“确定”;advocate“拥护”。6.A.equipment B.grassC.camps D.stones答案C解析此处指的是自从乞力马扎罗山上营地四周有成吨垃圾被报道后,状况发生了很多变更。下文又接着讲解并描述作者在营地和道路上看到了厕所,由此推知,上文中提到的报道指的是以前的营地是坐落在垃圾堆中的,现在干净了很多。camp“营地”;equipment“装备”;grass“草”;stone“石头”。故选C项。7.A.remoteB.quiet C.tallD.clean答案D解析本句提到作者在营地和道路旁边看到了很多厕所,与在报道中出现的垃圾堆中的营地迥然不同,干净卫生。故选D项。8.A.new B.specialC.significant D.necessary答案C解析前文提到了作者担忧乞力马扎罗山面临的严峻的环境问题会毁坏它在人们心目中的美的形象。此处指的是面临的环境考验是自不待言的。significant“自不待言的”。故选C项。9.A.payingoff B.spreadingoutC.blowingup D.fadingaway答案A解析本句but表示转折关系,虽然环境面临着考验,坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局做出的努力好像挺奏效。payoff“胜利,奏效,达到目的”;spreadout“绽开,铺开”;blowup“爆炸”;fadeaway“渐渐消逝”。故选A项。10.A.atmosphere B.experienceC.experiment D.sight答案B解析由上文其次段中的“...otherdestinationsaredescribedas‘purer’naturalexperiences.”可知此空填experience。句意:在我看来,攀登乞力马扎罗山的最佳体验并不仅仅在于到达顶峰。11.A.studied B.observedC.explored D.regarded答案D解析由下文可知,乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被很多文化视为精神家园。beregardedas...“被视为……”。故选D项。12.A.view B.qualityC.reason D.purpose答案A解析本句进一步说明上句内容,为什么乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被很多文化视为精神家园。随着人们在几千米的空间内穿过五种生态系统,这种“观点”尤其明显。故选A项。13.A.scientists B.climbersC.locals D.officials答案B解析此处指攀登者可以在几千米的空间内穿过五种生态系统。故选B项。climber“攀登者”;scientist“科学家”;local“当地人,本地人”;official“官员”。14.A.holdingonto B.goingbacktoC.livingupto D.givingwayto答案D解析上文讲到山脚处是雨林,它在3000米的地方突然结束,“让位”给矮生植物。故选D项。givewayto“给……让位”;holdonto“坚持”;gobackto“返回”;liveupto“达到”。15.A.changes B.clearsC.improves D.permits答案A解析由上文可知,有五种生态系统,所以再往上气候又有变更。故选A项。16.A.match B.imagineC.count D.add答案C解析由上文可知,低云压山,茂密的草丛覆盖着山腰,本句则为从作者所站之处望去可以数到12种浓淡深浅的绿色。故选C项。17.A.village B.desertC.road D.lake答案B解析此处指的是4000米以上为高原沙漠环境。依据下文的砾石、石头和岩石可知为类沙漠环境的描述。desert“沙漠”;village“村庄”;road“道路”;lake“湖泊”。故选B项。18.A.Obviously B.EasilyC.Consequently D.Finally答案D解析由上文可知,作者已经讲了四种生态系统:rainforest,lowgrowingplants,thickgrass,highlanddesert,还有最终的也是最冷的arctic-likezone(类北极地带),故选D项。19.A.permanent B.littleC.fresh D.artificial答案A解析本句意为“类北极地带上方有永久的积雪和冰川,但它们可能不久后会溶化”。permanent“永久的”;little“小的”;fresh“簇新的”;artificial“人造的”。故选A项。20.A.enjoy B.deserveC.save D.acquire答案B解析文章最终作者发出感慨:一个人满为患,破坏了原有安静的乞力马扎罗山还能名副其实吗?“我”发觉恰恰相反。故选B项。六、七选五Chinahasbeenthebirthplaceofmanyoftheworld’sgreatestinventions.Itwas,forexample,thefirstcountrytoproducepapermoney.Beforetheinventionofpapermoneyandcoins,peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling.1Thisexchangeofgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering.

2In1200BC,peopleinChinabegantouseshells(贝壳)asmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywereverysmall.Thismadeiteasierforpeopletocarrymoneyoverlongdistances,andallowedfortradetodevelopbetweendifferentpartsofthecountry.

Intheyearswhichfollowedthisinvention,manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame.3

Thenextdevelopmentwasin1000BC,whenChinastartedmakingbronzeandcoppershells.Itwasn’tlongbeforetheChinesemaderoundcoinsoutofmetal.4By500BC,metalcoinshadbeguntoappearincountrieslikePersiaandGreece,andlaterintheRomanEmpire.

About1,000yearslater,leatherwasusedasmoneyinChina,andin806AD,thefirstpaperbanknoteswereproducedbytheChinesepeople.5

A.Peoplealsobegancollectingforeigncoinsassouvenirs.B.However,aseconomiesdeveloped,suchexchangesbecameimpractical.C.ItwasstillmanyyearsbeforepapercurrencyappearedinEurope.D.Theyalsousedtinyshellsasmoneyforbuyingandselling.E.Astimewentby,tradebetweencountriesincreased.F.Duringthattime,forexample,buyingachickenmightcostseveralpotatoes.G.Theveryfirstcoinsoftenhadholesinthemsothatpeoplecouldstringthemtogether.答案1~5FBDGC七、语篇填空I’mnotsure1.ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I’mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat2.topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe3.(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid4.(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel5.(challenge).

MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma6.(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching7.thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeeno